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Published Paper Details:
Web Application Firewalls: A Comprehensive Survey of Detection Techniques, Deployment Models, and Real-Time Monitoring Approaches
Authors
Drupad Dhamdhere,Shardul Pharande,Aashish Kondgire,Sakshi Phutane
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Keywords
Web Application Firewall, Survey, Intrusion Detection, SQL Injection, Cross-Site Scripting, DDoS Mitigation, Machine Learning, Anomaly Detection, Real-Time Monitoring, OWASP Top 10
Abstract
Web applications remain the most exploited entry point in modern cyber attacks,
with industry reports attributing nearly one in four data breaches to vulnerabilities
in web-facing software. Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) have emerged as a critical
defense layer, inspecting HTTP traffic to identify and block malicious requests
before they reach the application.
This survey provides a comprehensive review of WAF technologies spanning
signature-based, anomaly-based, and machine learning-driven detection methods.
We examine the evolution of WAFs from early rule-matching systems such as Snort
and ModSecurity through modern cloud-native solutions offered by AWS, Cloudflare,
and Azure, and into the emerging class of AI-powered next-generation firewalls.
We present a structured taxonomy of web application attacks aligned with the
OWASP Top 10 (2021) and their corresponding Common Weakness Enumerations (CWEs),
and we systematically compare how different WAF approaches address each category.
Our analysis covers deployment architectures (reverse-proxy, embedded, cloud-based,
and hybrid), real-time monitoring and alerting mechanisms, and the trade-offs
among detection accuracy, latency overhead, and operational complexity.
We consolidate findings from over 40 studies published between 2003 and 2025,
identify seven persistent research gaps--including the shortage of public evaluation
benchmarks, the opacity of commercial solutions, and the difficulty of detecting
novel zero day payloads--and outline promising future directions such as federated
learning for distributed WAF deployments and explainable AI for security
decision-making.
IJCRT's Publication Details
Unique Identification Number - IJCRT2603544
Paper ID - 303315
Author type - Indian Author
Page Number(s) - e584-e591
Pubished in - Volume 14 | Issue 3 | March 2026
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) -
No Of Downloads - 27
Author Country - India, 411045, Pune, Pune, 411045, Science and Technology
Publisher Name - IJPUBLICATION | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882
E-ISSN Number - 2320-2882
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Drupad Dhamdhere,Shardul Pharande,Aashish Kondgire,Sakshi Phutane, "Web Application Firewalls: A Comprehensive Survey of Detection Techniques, Deployment Models, and Real-Time Monitoring Approaches", International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), ISSN:2320-2882, Volume.14, Issue 3, pp.e584-e591, March 2026, Available at :http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2603544.pdf
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