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ugc approved journal, UGC CARE Journal, ugc approved list of journal, ugc care journal, UGC CARE list, UGC-CARE, care journal, UGC-CARE list, Journal publication, ISSN approved, Research journal, research paper, research paper publication

  Authors

Sakshi Bapu Mane,Dr.Vijaykumar Kale,Dr.Mahesh M. Thakare,Mr.Vaibhav Narwade,Miss.Mamata pawale

  Keywords

SPF, Sun Protection Factor, Sunscreen, Ultraviolet Radiation, UVB Protection, UVA Protection, Photo protection, Nano encapsulation, UV Filters, Photo stability, Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen, Antioxidants, Film-Forming Agents, Herbal Sunscreens, Smart Sunscreens, Reef-Safe Sunscreens.

  Abstract


The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) is a crucial measure of a sunscreen's capacity to shield the skin against UV radiation-induced damage, especially UVB-induced erythema. Global awareness of the need for efficient photo protection techniques has risen due to growing environmental risks, ozone layer depletion, and greater outdoor exposure. This paper offers a thorough analysis of SPF, its scientific foundation, testing procedures, influencing variables, formulation improvements, and new technologies in sunscreen production. The kinds of UV radiation, their biological consequences, and the ways in which various sunscreens chemical, physical, and hybrid offer protection are all covered in this article. In-vitro and in-vivo SPF determination techniques, such as spectrophotometric tests, Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) evaluation, and worldwide regulatory standards, are also covered in detail. The disparity between labelled SPF and actual protection is emphasized by highlighting important aspects that impact SPF effectiveness, including film formation, photo stability, skin type, product vehicle, ambient circumstances, and customer behaviour. To illustrate the future course of photo protection science, cutting-edge discoveries including Nano encapsulation, antioxidant-enriched formulations, DNA repair enzymes, probiotic-supported sunscreens, hybrid UV filters, and smart UV-responsive technologies are examined. The article also covers environmental effects, safety concerns, and the growing popularity of biodegradable and reef-safe sunscreens. In order to enable researchers, formulators, doctors, and consumers better understand SPF, maximise sunscreen use, and investigate next-generation photo protective treatments, the study summarizes existing information and developing trends.

  IJCRT's Publication Details

  Unique Identification Number - IJCRT2512626

  Paper ID - 299048

  Author type - Indian Author

  Page Number(s) - f546-f556

  Pubished in - Volume 13 | Issue 12 | December 2025

  DOI (Digital Object Identifier) -   

  No Of Downloads - 6

  Author Country - India, 415521, Lonand , Lonand , 415521, Pharmacy All

  Publisher Name - IJPUBLICATION | www.ijcrt.org | ISSN : 2320-2882

  E-ISSN Number - 2320-2882

  Published Paper PDF : - http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2512626

  Published Paper URL: : - http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2512626

  Published Paper PDF Downlaod: - download.php?file=IJCRT2512626

  Cite this article

Sakshi Bapu Mane,Dr.Vijaykumar Kale,Dr.Mahesh M. Thakare,Mr.Vaibhav Narwade,Miss.Mamata pawale,   "Sun Protection Factor", International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), ISSN:2320-2882, Volume.13, Issue 12, pp.f546-f556, December 2025, Available at :http://www.ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2512626.pdf

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