Volume 11 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

Nowadays, synthetic food colorants are steadily replaced by the natural ones because of consumer preferences due to the health. Natural colorant additives are usually considered as color additives derived from plant or animal sources by extraction. Turmeric is used in this research because of their advantages especially as a source of coloring matter for food industries and textile. Plus, the application of turmeric as food colorant is limited in other research. Turmeric consists of three main components which are curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bisdemethoxy curcumin. In pharmaceutical formulations, excipients offer add-on characteristic properties as integrity, stability, solubility, and patient compliance to those intrinsic properties exhibited by the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). Natural excipients are nowadays gaining a global interest compared to the synthetic ones being nontoxic, biocompatible, less expensive and widely available. This review describes the major conventional pharmaceutical applications of natural excipients.

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 Keywords

Natural excipients; Conventional formulations; Pharmaceutical industry; Stability

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??????? ?????????: ????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????????. ??????? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ???????????. ????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????. ?????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????????????? ??????. ???? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????. ?????? ??? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????????. ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ????????????. Abstract : Fictional literature naturally records geographical settings. Local literatures are defined as works based on land. Karisal literature is unique among Tamil vernacular literature. Mealanmai Ponnuchamy is one of the Karisal writers. He set up the village of Melanmarainadu where he lived as the space for his writings. His stories and literature are based on the village of Melanmarainadu. This article examines the village of Melanmarainadu described in the stories.

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??????? ??????? : ?????? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ????????????, ??????, ???????? ????????????, ?????????????, ??????? (Local Literature, Karisal Literature, Vertisal, Melanmai Ponnuchami, Melanmarainadu, Village)

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Among the various applications of the theory of perfect domination , the most often discussed is communication network. There has been persistent in the algorithmic aspects of interval graphs in past decades spurred much by their numerous applications of interval graphs corresponding to interval families. The research of the domination in graphs has been an evergreen of the graph theory. Its basic concept is the dominating set and the domination number. The theory of domination in graphs was introduced by O. Ore and C. Berge . A survey on results and applications of dominating sets was presented by E.J. Cockayane and S.T. Hedetniemi . The concept of split and non split domination in graphs and also in Maheswari, B et all . The concept of restrained domination was introduced by J.A. Telle and A. Proskurowski , albeit indirectly, as a vertex partitioning problem. One application of domination is that of prisoners and guards. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm to find a split odd vertices perfect dominating set of an interval graph.

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 Keywords

Interval graph, Dominating set, Split dominating set, Perfect dominating set, Perfect odd vertices dominating set.

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The educational scenario has changed unexpectedly as a result of the Kovid-19 pandemic. New methods/methods are evolving in world educational trends to survive and adapt to crisis. While some global trends keep their value some are new trends and future trends. So the information presented here will give the reader an overview of the popular educational trends of the future based on reliable resources. Understanding them will benefit both teachers and students as they can create the right learning environment to most effectively convey and acquire knowledge along with skills.

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online learning, blended learning

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With the advancement of technology and mass media it seems that the patriarchal system is growing stronger and the objectification of women is more rapidly being promoted and propagated than ever. Cinema, since its inception, has drastically evolved with the help of many technical innovations but its portrayal of the female characters still does not seem to have undergone any revolutionary change. Instead of reflecting the actual reality, it still continues to be a medium of representing and reinforcing patriarchal desires and ideologies. In most of the films, while the male characters are placed at the centre of the narrative, the female characters are positioned at the centre of visual attraction for the gratification of the "male gaze". This is how the female characters are presented as erotic objects whose only significance lies in their ability to provoke and pacify the male sexual desire. In this paper, I aim to analyze how the male audience derives pleasure by watching the female characters in films with the help of Laura Mulvey's theories which she has formed on the basis of Freudian 'scopophilia' and Lacanian 'Mirror Stage' in her essay "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema." Here, I also intend to interpret instances of how the objectification and stereotyping of the female characters take place in The Blue Angel, The Seven Year Itch, Basic Instinct, and L.A. Confidential, some of the popular Hollywood films in different decades of the 20th century.

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: Psychoanalysis, Objectification, Mirror Stage, Scopophilia, Hollywood Cinema

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Sinusitis is a prevalent inflammatory condition affecting the paranasal sinuses, causing discomfort and reduced quality of life for millions of individuals worldwide. Nasal sprays have emerged as a promising delivery system for sinusitis treatment due to their localized action and improved drug bioavailability. In this study, we aimed to develop a microemulsion-based nasal spray formulation using Basil oil, Eucalyptus oil, and Rosemary oil as the active components for the treatment of sinusitis. The microemulsion formulation was prepared by combining the selected oils with a suitable surfactant, co-surfactant, and an aqueous phase. The selection of Basil oil, Eucalyptus oil, and Rosemary oil was based on their known therapeutic properties in alleviating sinusitis symptoms. Various ratios of the oils were screened to determine the optimal combination that provided the desired characteristics, such as stability, droplet size, and drug release properties. The prepared microemulsion-based nasal spray formulation was evaluated for its physicochemical properties, including pH, viscosity, droplet size, and drug content. In vitro drug release studies were conducted using a modified Franz diffusion cell to assess the release profile of the active components from the nasal spray formulation. The optimized formulation was further subjected to stability testing, including physical appearance, pH, viscosity, and drug content analysis, over a three-month period. The results indicated that the developed microemulsion-based nasal spray formulation using Basil oil, Eucalyptus oil, and Rosemary oil as the active components exhibited favorable physicochemical properties, such as a small droplet size, low viscosity, and uniform drug content. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated sustained release profiles, which are crucial for prolonged therapeutic effects. Stability testing revealed that the optimized formulation remained stable, with no significant changes observed in its physical appearance, pH, viscosity, or drug content during the storage period. In conclusion, the development of a microemulsion-based nasal spray formulation utilizing Basil oil, Eucalyptus oil, and Rosemary oil as the active components presents a promising approach for enhancing drug delivery and efficacy in sinusitis treatment. The optimized formulation displayed desirable physicochemical properties, sustained drug release, and long-term stability. Future in vivo studies are warranted to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of this microemulsion-based nasal spray for clinical applications in sinusitis treatment.

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Microemulsion, Sinusitis, Essential oils, Nasal Spray

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Sudha Murthy's Gently Falls the Bakula is one of the finest novels. It depicts an Indian love marriage that falls because of rising materialistic desires and selfish interests. Murthy's first book, written over thirty years ago, remains strikingly pertinent in its examination of contemporary values and work principles. The purpose of this research paper is to describe the lives of the husband and wife. The female protagonist Shrimati battles to maintain her deteriorating consciousness and self-realization. Shrimati, a self-sacrificing loved one, becomes a similarly dedicated wife, but Shrikant, her husband, remains entirely focused on achieving his goal, not realizing his wife's role in his accomplishment. As determination and selfish goals take their toll, the relationship loses its way and the protagonist searches for identity.

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materialism, consciousness, deteriorate, selfish interests, selfless.

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This paper presents a discourse on the utilization of folktales as a means to enhance writing skills and preserve cultural heritage. Built on the premise that writing is a skill that students need to be equipped with, the paper has highlighted the contextual needs that calls for writing instructions to be in close alignment with students' cultural backgrounds. It has explored the integration of Naga folktales into undergraduate writing instruction in Nagaland, uncovering a range of benefits that resonate with both creative and cultural dimensions.

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Folktales, Writing, Pedagogy, Integration

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Tradition and Modernity has been unobtrusively taken care of in the enormous work of English books in India. Tradition and Modernity is characterized as social, monetary and political developments that are engaged towards laying out social security and complete equity for the women. In Indian composing custom and innovation has been utilized as a humble endeavor for assessing the genuine social situation, all things considered. The Indian English authors utilize oriental methodologies of Tradition and Modernity. There are a few books in English writing of India that suitably depicts the real status of the women in Indian social orders. In any case, the advanced matured women have understood that they are similarly able like the men and those they are not vulnerable. The present research dwells into Tradition and Modernity in the works of Anita Nair and Namita Gokhale taken up for study in theme of tradition and modernity. Not at all like the previous when men were considered as the bread winner, in the present age, women also have become immediate employees in today's world.

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Tradition, Modernity, Culture, Empowerment, Women-fiction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Mother Knowledge, Care of Baby, Premature Baby

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition