Volume 12 | Issue 9 |

 Abstract

The Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY) aims to provide loans of up to 10 lakh to non-corporate, non-farm micro-enterprises, facilitating income generation and employment in sectors such as manufacturing services, retail MSMEs, SMEs, and agriculture-related activities including beekeeping, horticulture, aquaculture, poultry, agro-industries, dairy, agriclinics, and agribusiness. This initiative, supported by SIDBI and NABARD, is designed to enhance national wealth by providing essential working capital. According to the Economic Survey 2020-21 presented in Parliament, approximately 54.6% of the workforce is still involved in agricultural and allied sectors (Census 2011). Furthermore, MSMEs have significantly contributed to India's economic growth and women's empowerment, accounting for over 40% of the nation's GDP and serving as a crucial employment source. The budget highlights the importance of MSMEs and agriculture-related activities. MUDRA functions as a refinancing institution for commercial banks, NBFCs, MFIs, RRBs, and SFBs through its Shishu, Kishor, and Tarun schemes, utilizing a credit outreach model that includes SHGs/JLGs, women entrepreneurs, and agripreneurs. This support aims to enhance employment opportunities in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs/MSEs) within non-farm activities, contributing to the goal of achieving a US$5 trillion economy, where microfinance plays a pivotal role. The research paper utilizes secondary statistics gathered from various sources, including websites and published articles. Following a literature review, it identifies gaps and prospects for analyzing MUDRA's role in addressing the funding needs of MSMEs, SMEs/MSEs, and the agriculture allied sector, framed within an ABCD listing framework. The research reveals that the maximum limit for MUDRA Schemes should be increased, and there is a need for greater awareness regarding MUDRA loans for agricultural allied activities and Agriclinics. Additionally, the study highlights the ambiguity surrounding MUDRA's role in refinancing schemes for banks, as well as the involvement of NABARD in promoting Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and agricultural allied activities. This study focused on the significance of MUDRA funding in providing working capital for agricultural entrepreneurship within the allied sector, aiming to boost employment opportunities in both rural and urban regions of India.

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Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY), MSME, Agriculture allied activity, Women Empowerment, SHGs and NABARD

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 Abstract

DHERADUN JANPAD ME JONESARI JANJATI KE MADHYAMIK STAR PR ADHYANRAT VIDHYARTHIYO ME PARYAVARN KI JAGRUKTA AVM ABHIVRUTI KA AK ADHYAYAN

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DHERADUN JANPAD ME JONESARI JANJATI KE MADHYAMIK STAR PR ADHYANRAT VIDHYARTHIYO ME PARYAVARN KI JAGRUKTA AVM ABHIVRUTI KA AK ADHYAYAN

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Wastewater from the food processing industry is characterized by high levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD), contributing to significant pollution. The composition of this wastewater varies greatly due to the diverse range of fruits, vegetables, and raw materials used, as well as the different products manufactured. The production of various items often involves the addition of preservatives, colors, salts, oils, sugars, gelatin, and other ingredients, which further increases the pollutant load. Recently, the use of single-chamber MFC for electricity generation has gained attention. This study explores the potential of MFCs to generate power from food industry wastewater. A microbial fuel cell system was employed to achieve this objective, and voltage production was measured using a multimeter. For the single-chamber MFC, wastewater from the food sector demonstrated a COD removal of 69% and BOD removal of 62.38%, with feed concentrations of 3000 mg/L. The system generated a current of 0.45 mA and a voltage of 89 mV. In comparison, the dual-chamber MFC achieved a COD removal of 65.37% and BOD removal of 60.81%, with the same feed concentration, producing a current of 0.4 mA and a voltage of 86 mV.

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Microbial fuel cell, Brewery wastewater, COD efficiency, BOD efficiency.

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Present paper discusses the scientometric portrait of Dr S R Ranganathan; the father of library science in India. The present paper is an extension study of my Ph.D research work "Dr. S. R. Ranganathan on Internet: An Analytical Study"; where 8 different search engines were accessed entering the keyword 'S R Ranganathan'. This study is carried out to know the literature of Dr. S R. Ranganathan as well as the literature on Ranganathan available on World Wide Web. This study is divided into two parts; the first part discusses books & articles on Dr S Ranganathan and his ideas & concepts. The second part is all about the publications by Dr. Ranganathan. Here publications are analysed by year, subject domain, author collaboration and country wise publications. Also the most productive year of Ranganathan's publication is calculated.

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Dr. S. R. Ranganathan, Father Library science, Scientometric Study, Library & Information Science

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ABSTRACT The quest for novel dental biomaterials to enhance enamel hardness and combat dental caries remains a pressing concern in dental research. Betel leaf (Piper betle L.) has long been recognized for its therapeutic properties in traditional medicine. This study aimed to explore the potential of betel leaf powder (BLP) as a natural agent for improving enamel hardness.In this experimental study, extracted human teeth were utilized as the substrate for testing. Betel leaf powder was obtained through standardized preparation methods and incorporated into various experimental groups. Enamel hardness measurements were conducted using Vickers microhardness testing before and after treatment with BLP. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the significance of observed changes. Preliminary findings indicate a notable enhancement in enamel hardness following treatment with BLP. The results suggest that BLP holds promise as a potential dental biomaterial for strengthening enamel and preventing dental caries. Moreover, the natural origin of BLP underscores its appeal for incorporation into dental products, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic materials. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the observed effects of BLP on enamel hardness and its potential applications in preventive and restorative dentistry. Additionally, investigations into the safety profile and long-term efficacy of BLP-based formulations are imperative to facilitate its translation into clinical practice.

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Betel leaf powder, enamel hardness, dental biomaterials.

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The Quality of teacher depends upon the quality of the teacher education received the teacher is the most important element in any education Programme. No amount of investment in improving the physical and educational facilities can improve education unless there is adequate number of well qualified teacher who can and willing implement the education process and bring the desire behavioral changes in the students the quality of the teacher depends to large extent on the quality of teacher education

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PROJECTS OF B.ED , STUDENT TEACHER OPINION

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Cerebral palsy is a permanent disorder affecting infants' movement and posture, affecting mobility, eyesight, learning, and reasoning. It affects 1.5-2.5 infants per thousand live births worldwide and affects 17 million individuals. Treatments include sensory integration (SIT), neurodevelopmental therapy (NDT), horseback riding therapy, hydrotherapy, feeding difficulties, and vestibular physical therapy. SIT focuses on sensory processing and motor function, while NDT focuses on the central nervous and neuromuscular systems. These treatments aim to improve motor efficiency and independence. Additionally, it is said that SIT improves balance, gross motor skills, gait and it might therefore be helpful in picking up new motor abilities. Various advanced treatment modalities such as hydrotherapy, hippotherapy. Are beneficial in treating children with cerebral palsy.

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NDT, Sensory integration, Hippotherapy, Hydrotherapy. Visual impairment.

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The rapid development of technology is shaping societies worldwide, offering unprecedented opportunities and challenges. New technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, biotechnology, and renewable energy are transforming industries and have significant social impacts. This chapter examines these technologies and their potential to solve critical social problems, improve quality of life, and create new paradigms for sustainable development. New technologies can profoundly affect society and change the way we live, work and interact with each other. From artificial intelligence to biotechnology, these innovations promise to solve some of humanity's most pressing challenges while raising new ethical and social questions.

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"Transforming India 2047: A Vision for a Viksit Bharat"

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?????? - ?????? ?????? ???? ? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? 12 ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??, ?????? ?? ???? ???????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ''??????'' ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? (?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????) ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???????????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???

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????? ?????? : ???? ??? ???????, ????? ?????? ,??? ????????, ??? ?????, ???? ?????????

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Privacy and Security of the consumer data has become one of the most significant issue in this technological advancement era and this became one of the threat in the growth of E-commerce Platforms. The rapid technological changes advanced by online platforms, virtual assistance, artificial intelligence etc. are changing the way we shop online. This shift in E-commerce has increases the risk of privacy issue of the consumers. Therefore by understanding the consequences of privacy concerns and how it can be prevented can help provide an effective solution. This research paper investigates about the effects on data privacy concerns over Consumer Trust and examines the relationship between data privacy, trust and security concerns with the adoption of E-commerce Platform. The result shows that there has an immense influence on the consumer's trust regarding data privacy and security concerns while using E-commerce Platform.

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Data Privacy Concerns, Consumer Trust, E-commerce Platform,Risk

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition