Volume 14 | Issue 8 | August-2026

 Abstract

The present study was conducted to examine the social adjustment and emotional maturity of college students in Punjab with reference to gender and locale, and to determine the relationship between these two variables. The study adopted the descriptive research method. A sample of 105 college students from Punjab was selected using an appropriate sampling technique. Data were collected using the Social Adjustment Inventory (SAI) developed by R. C. Deva (2023) and the Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS) developed by Singh and Bhargava (2012). Mean, Standard Deviation, t-test, and Pearson's coefficient of correlation were used for data analysis. The findings revealed no significant gender differences in either social adjustment or emotional maturity. However, significant differences were observed with respect to locale, with rural students showing higher social adjustment and urban students demonstrating higher emotional maturity. A significant negative relationship was found between social adjustment and emotional maturity for the overall sample, as well as among male, female, and rural, urban students, whereas no significant relationship was observed among rural students. The study highlights the importance of addressing social and emotional aspects of students' development through appropriate guidance and counseling programmes in higher education institutions.

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 Keywords

Social Adjustment, Emotional Maturity, College Students, Gender, Locale, Punjab

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Drop culture refers to a marketing tactic when brands create demand through scarcity, exclusivity and digital interactions released as limited-edition products. While much literature covers themes such as scarcity marketing, social media impacts, FoMO and resales separately, few studies look into consumer behaviour within drop culture. Thus, this study qualitatively researched what drives consumers psychologically, socially and behaviourally to buy into limited-edition releases. Design/methodology/approach: Using triangulation methodology, this study conducted an exploratory qualitative study. Data was gathered through 15 semi-structured interviews and an online questionnaire with 287 valid responses. Thematic analysis was conducted on both data sets using Braun and Clarke's (2006) six-phase methodology. Findings: Four themes emerged: Exclusivity and Status, FOMO and Purchase Urgency, Community and Brand Connection, and Resale and Hype. The findings of this study conclude that consumers do not simply buy a product; they buy into an idea. Symbolic value, self-expression, community and belonging, and potential resale value were all contributors to customers' decision-making. Social media can enhance hype and consumers' pre-purchase excitement. Originality/value: This study offers qualitative insight into consumer psychology and current digital consumerism.

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 Keywords

Drop culture, scarcity marketing, Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), consumer behaviour, social media, limited-edition products.

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Present research studies aimed to explore usually utilized angiospermic, dicotyledonous medicinal plant Carissa carandas L.from Chandgad, District- Kolhapur, Maharashtra. This plant belongs to the family Apocynaceae and it is commonly well recognized as karvand, Dongri Maina or Ranmeva. In this paper I have reported moisture %, pH and biochemical constituent vitamin C which is most plentiful active principle from the fresh unripened and ripened fruits of the plant. Present investigation was undertaken to study plant chemical resource and medicinal traditional uses knowledge about the karvand. Medicinal plants have curative properties due to presence of various complex chemical substances. I have reported 71.5 % moisture unripened fruits pulp , 61 % moisture ripened fruits pulp. pH of unripened fruits pulp juice was 5 and 6 pH was observed pulp juice ripened fruits, 67 % moisture ripened fruits pulp. Height of the plant was 4 m. of the Fresh weight and dry weight unripened fruit was 3.80 gm and 1.10 gm. Fresh weight and dry weight ripened fruit was 4.15 gm and 1.45 gm. 11.38 mg/10 ml Vitamin C from unripened and 7.72 mg/10 ml Vitamin C ripened fruits pulp of Carissa carandas L was recorded.

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Vitamin C stuff in the unripened and ripened fruits of Carissa carandas L.from Chandgad region of Kolhapur District, Maharashtra.

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The proliferation of engineered indoor air microbiomes in commercial real estate, curated probiotic bacterial blends circulated through HVAC systems and marketed as health-enhancing amenities, has created a novel and largely unexamined legal problem at the intersection of intellectual property, property law, and tort. Building owners increasingly seek patent protection over these proprietary microbial formulations, yet the diffuse and non-excludable nature of air itself sits uneasily within traditional frameworks of ownership and possession. This paper examines whether existing doctrines, patent eligibility standards for living organisms, trespass to chattels, and conversion, can meaningfully accommodate claims arising when tenants inadvertently carry patented bacteria beyond the premises on clothing, skin, or hair. It argues that conventional property reasoning, rooted in the capacity to exclude and control a tangible resource, breaks down when applied to an environment designed for inhalation and unavoidable bodily contact. The paper further explores contractual attempts to fill this doctrinal gap through restrictive lease covenants, alongside the tension these raise with unconscionability principles, bodily autonomy, and public health disclosure obligations. Situating this emerging conflict within broader debates on the enclosure of biological commons, the paper proposes a framework for distinguishing legitimate innovation protection from overreaching claims of dominion over shared, ambient space.

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 Keywords

Microbial Patents, Indoor Air Governance, Trespass To Chattels, Biological Commons, Property Rights In Living Organisms

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition