Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Urban agriculture is rapidly gaining momentum, yet plant diseases continue to hamper productivity. This paper presents a novel AI-based approach for early detection of plant diseases using RGB imagery processed to simulate hyperspectral indices, particularly NDVI. A deep learning classifier trained on leaf images is augmented with Grad-CAM visualizations to localize disease symptoms. The system is deployed as a lightweight Gradio web application suitable for use on embedded platforms. Experimental results show high classification accuracy and effective visualization of disease regions, offering a low- cost, interpretable solution for early plant disease management in urban gardening.

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Plant disease detection, NDVI, hyperspectral simulation, Grad-CAM, embedded AI, Gradio, deep learning, smart agriculture.

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Folic acid, an BCS class IV essential nutrient, having low solubility and permeability, limiting its bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency. This study aims to enhance folic acid solubility and permeability through solid dispersion and inclusion complex formation utilizing Gelucire 50/13 and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Solid dispersions of folic acid with Gelucire 50/13 (1:4 ratios) increased solubility by 8.5 fold, respectively. Using HP-?-CD to create inclusion complexes increased permeability by 20-30 fold. These data illustrate the potential of this combination method to considerably increase folic acid solubility and permeability.These results show that this combined method has the potential to greatly improve folic acid solubility and permeability, hence increasing its bioavailability and therapeutic potential.

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folic acid, solubility, permeability, solid dispersion, inclusion complex, Gelucire 50/13, and hydroxypropyl -beta-cyclodextrin, BCS class IV.

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This research paper aims to study the impact of social media tools usage among the college students in Chennai. Further it analyses the relationship between social media usage and stress level among the college students. A survey method was applied to collect the information related to usage and stress. The standardized NSAD tool was used to test the stress level among the college students in Chennai. A pre-test and post-test was adopted in check the validity. A standardized questionnaire was used to find out the demographic factors, exam performance, usage pattern, stress factors and impacts on social activities among the students. The research finding clearly shows that there is a strong positive relationship found between the factors such as stress and social media usage. Also, there is a negative relationship found between the exam performance and social media usage. This research clearly shows the development of cooperative learning among the students in Chennai. Further it shows the level of integration of social media usage in the current educational scenario. This research shows the positive side as well as the negative side of the social media tool among the college students in Chennai. This research clearly shows the importance of social media in the current student centred learning system. This research suggests that social media should be included as a part of learning methodology among the college students

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Social media, exam performance, stress, NSAD questionnaire, negative and positive impact, college students, student centered learning system

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This study explores the role of Open and Distance Learning (ODL) in increasing access to higher education among graduate students in Assam. Given the region's socio-economic and geographical challenges, traditional educational models often fail to reach marginalized populations. ODL, through institutions like IGNOU and KKHSOU, offers flexible, cost-effective, and inclusive alternatives for students, particularly those in rural areas, women, and working professionals. The research employs a descriptive design with stratified random sampling, focusing on graduate students in Nagaon district. Findings suggest that ODL enhances access by addressing barriers such as distance, affordability, and time constraints. Female students, rural learners, and economically disadvantaged groups benefit significantly. However, challenges like poor internet connectivity, lack of digital literacy, and limited academic support persist. Despite these issues, students show high motivation and engagement, driven by personal aspirations and family support. The study emphasizes the need for policy interventions to improve digital infrastructure and student services. It concludes that ODL is a transformative tool for democratizing education, supporting lifelong learning, and promoting educational equity. The findings are relevant for policymakers, educators, and institutions aiming to expand and strengthen the ODL framework in Assam and similar contexts.

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This study explores the role of Open and Distance Learning (ODL) in increasing access to higher education among graduate students in Assam. Given the region's socio-economic and geographical challenges, traditional educational models often fail to reach marginalized populations. ODL, through institutions like IGNOU and KKHSOU, offers flexible, cost-effective, and inclusive alternatives for students, particularly those in rural areas, women, and working professionals. The research employs a

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Nietzsche, motley society, urban philology, cosmopolitan alchemy, gastronomic pluralism, street hermeneutics, postcolonial megacities, decolonial urbanism, chaos theory, Global South.

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Ayurveda is Science of Life originated in India. It is holistic approach to healthy and mindful living. According to Ayurveda Health is balancebetween Mind, Body, Spirit and interplay of elements that impacts them. Ayurveda brings balance into one's life by making them aware of habits and lifestyle practices that are at root of diseases and helps one to make changes towards healthier choices. Presently people don"t pay attention towards their food habits and digestive disturbances. Such improper bowel habits if exists for long time can damage the structure related to Purishformation. Structurerelated with PurishFormation may be correlated with structure likePurishdhara kala. There are 7 Kinds of Kala have been described by Sushrutas. Kala is envelope like structure which covers the internal organ. Kala Shareeragives information about the important membranes and layers of body whichtake part in many important functions of body.5thKala is .PurishaDharaKala"Interrelationship of ,,Purishdhara kala" and,,Asthidhara kala" is quoted by Dalhana. Asthiis one of seven Dhatu of body and Mala of Asthi Dhatu isKesha (Hair) and its Updhatuis (Danta). Inpresentstudyweare just trying to revalidate the sutra "yaevapurishdhara kala saevaAsthidharakala" in accordance with Palitya

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Purish ,Palitya,Asthi,Dhatu,,Kala, Kesha,Updhatu

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The use of medicinal plants in treating illnesses has been reported since ancestral times. In the case of hepatic diseases, Silymarin is a natural compound derived from the species Silybum marianum, which is commonly known as Milk thistle. This plant contains at least seven flavoligands and the flavonoid taxifolin. The hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of silymarin is caused by its ability to inhibit the free radicals that are produced from the metabolism of toxic substances such as ethanol, acetaminophen, and carbon tetrachloride. The generation of free radicals is known to damage cellular membranes and cause lipoperoxidation. Silymarin enhances hepatic glutathione and may contribute to the antioxidant defense of the liver. It has also been shown that silymarin increases protein synthesis in hepatocytes by stimulating RNA polymerase I activity. A previous study on humans reported that silymarin treatment caused a slight increase in the compared with untreated controls.

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Silybum marianum, Hepatoprotector, Lipoperoxidation, Silymarin

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Background: Vibandha (constipation) is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by infrequent or difficult evacuation of the bowels. Ayurvedic texts emphasize lifestyle and dietary practices, including Ushna-Ambu Paan (consumption of warm water), as simple yet potent interventions. Despite its wide use in clinical practice, a comprehensive textual review of Ushna-Ambu Paan as a therapeutic approach in Vibandha is lacking.Objective: To critically evaluate the role and mechanisms of Ushna-Ambu Paan in the management of Vibandha based on classical Ayurvedic literature (Samhitas).Materials and Methods: A qualitative textual review was conducted across Brihattrayi (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Ashtanga Hridaya), Laghu Trayi, and other relevant Ayurvedic compendia. The terms "Vibandha", "Ushna-Ambu", "Jala Paan", "Koshta Shuddhi", and related concepts were explored. Supporting physiological rationale was discussed in light of Ayurvedic and contemporary scientific understanding.Results: The Samhitas clearly highlight the utility of Ushna-Ambu in Koshta Shuddhi (cleansing of bowels), Agni Deepana (enhancing digestive fire), and Vata Anulomana (normalizing the movement of Vata). Ushna-Ambu Paan is indicated during Nitya Virechana, post-prandial routines, and morning regimens (Pratahkalina Jala Sevan). Its mode of action includes Ama Pachana, Srotoshodhana, and improvement in Apana Vata functioning, all of which contribute to the relief of constipation. Modern studies correlate warm water intake with improved intestinal motility and hydration.Conclusion: Ushna-Ambu Paan is a simple, cost-effective, and Samhitokta approach in the management of Vibandha. Its rational application, based on individual Koshta, Agni, and Vata status, can provide significant relief and prevent recurrence. Further clinical studies can validate its efficacy and standardize the dosage and timings.

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Vibandha, Ushna-Ambu Paan, Constipation, Ayurveda, Agni, Vata, Koshta Shuddhi

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Keywords: Thalassemia, Lifestyle Modification Program, Quality of Life, Knowledge Improvement, Children, BTCT Hospital, Sagar, Health Education, Chronic Illness Management, Pediatric Care.

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The paper explores the use of Vedic astrology and numerology as holistic guidance in life. It explores the relationship between timing (through Mahadasha systems) and vibrational resonance (via numbers 1-9) within the Jyotisha and Anka Shastra traditions, establishing a coherent structure for inner and outer transformation. The impact of misalignment between these systems on remedy effectiveness is demonstrated through practical examples. They suggest a "layered protocol that includes both timing and frequency" as well with ethical considerations and some practical examples to illustrate. Modern seekers can use a unified, replicable approach to achieve clarity, balance, and karmic evolution from this paper.

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Vedic astrology, numerology, Mahadasha, resonance, remedies

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