Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

This research paper highlights how the Chamba Princely State changed after British colonial rule. Through this paper, an attempt has been made to find out how agriculture changed, how the kings of Chamba adopted pro-British policies. New canals and kuhls were built for irrigation. The changes made in this by the British government were studied systematically. Through this research paper, an attempt has been made to know that land and revenue reforms were done during the British era. Through this study, an attempt will also be made to understand the revenue historical background of Chamba.

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 Keywords

Agriculture, Horticulture, Chamba, Princely State, and British Period

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Accurately predicting flight delays is a key challenge in aviation analytics, with significant implications for airline operations and passenger satisfaction. This project presents a machine learning-based system for predicting flight delays using historical U.S. domestic flight data. The dataset is extensively preprocessed, including the imputation of missing values, encoding of categorical variables, and generation of time-based features such as scheduled departure hour and total delay duration. A binary classification approach is adopted, labeling flights as delayed when the arrival delay exceeds 15 minutes. Three models--Random Forest, Decision Tree, and Logistic Regression--are developed and evaluated. Both the Random Forest and Decision Tree classifiers achieved 100% accuracy on the test set, while Logistic Regression reached 98.4%, indicating the strong predictive capability of the selected features. However, such perfect accuracy suggests potential data leakage or overfitting, as the delay-related columns used in training directly influence the target variable. A user-friendly graphical interface, built with Tkinter, allows users to input flight number, tail number, origin, and destination to receive real-time delay predictions and reasons. Additionally, visual analytics generated using Seaborn highlight delay trends by departure hour and weekday. The system demonstrates how machine learning, combined with rich flight data, can support operational decisions in aviation, although care must be taken to ensure model generalization and reliability

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 Keywords

Flight delay prediction, machine learning, Random Forest, Decision Tree, Logistic Regression, data preprocessing, binary classification, aviation analytics, graphical user interface, Tkinter, overfitting, data leakage, visual analytics, Seaborn

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Forests and wildlife are vital resources that have played a crucial role in human beings' social, economic, and religious life since the beginning. Forests were essential for the livelihoods of forest dwellers who depended on them for food, shelter, fodder, fuelwood, and other daily necessities. Humans hunted animals in forests and obtained meat for food from wild animals; however, over time, they cleared forests for agriculture, which put pressure on soil and water resources. They were unfamiliar with agriculture and relied on animal flesh, but some wild fruits and vegetables grew in abundance in the forests, as well as leaves and fur for clothing. They didn't have fixed houses; they might have made huts from tree leaves. Forests and wildlife play a crucial role in maintaining environmental balance. Every species plays a vital role in maintaining an ecological balance among the Earth's living systems. This research paper highlights the hunting practices in the hills of Himachal during the British period. This paper also highlights the relation between wildlife and Human activities.

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Hunting, Wildlife, Forest, Hilly State, and British Period.

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The rapid integration of digital devices into children's daily lives has raised serious concerns about the adverse effects of screen time on pediatric health. From sleep disturbances and obesity to behavioral and developmental delays, the implications are multifaceted and growing. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers a promising solution for early detection, personalized monitoring, and evidence-based interventions. This paper explores the role of AI in identifying screen time-related health risks in children and how AI-powered tools can assist pediatric nurses, parents, and healthcare systems in managing these challenges effectively. The study highlights recent advancements, ethical considerations, and practical applications of AI in pediatric care. A multidisciplinary approach, combining AI technology with pediatric nursing, can potentially mitigate the "digital danger" and promote healthier screen habits among children

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Digital danger, AI, health issue

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The study was conducted to assess the quality of life of a hemodialysis patient in Tamralipto Govt. Medical College & Hospital. The study was conducted by adopting descriptive research design. 60 hemodialysis patient are taken who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected by non probability sampling technique. The patients were explained about the assessment tool. To find out the quality of life of a hemodialysis patient the score should be obtained from WHO recommended WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. It has total 26 questions, and which was given the score from 26-130. The following score indicates the quality of life of hemodialysis patient. The analysis of the study revealed that in initial stage of ESRD patient remain asymptomatic and they may not perceive the significant effect of their quality of life by hemodialysis. The patient who receiving hemodialysis had adequate self efficacy and had a good quality of life. It is important to identify the hemodialysis patient who lack the self care efficacy required self care and focus on educational interventions to build confidence.

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o Quality of Life, o Assessment

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In the 2nd chapter of the Bhagavadgītā introduces the idea of 'Sthitaprajña' as a person who is self-realized, possessing a stable intellect, and who remains unaffected by attachment-dissatisfaction, joy-pain, aversion, and anger. This research article offers a comparative analysis of the interpretations of verses 2.55 to 2.57 of the Gītā by Śaṃkarācārya and Rāmānujācārya. Śaṃkarācārya focuses on knowledge, detachment, and illusionism rooted in Advaita Vedānta , whereas Rāmānujācārya views devotion, dedication, and divine grace as foundational for self-realization in Viśiṣṭādvaita. Although the perspectives of both Acharyas may vary, their objective remains focused on self-realization and salvation. This article demonstrates that both knowledge and devotion play significant roles in the process of becoming a Sthitaprajña. This research enhances Vedantic discussions and motivates contemporary individuals to attain self-discipline and inner tranquility through the combined path of knowledge and devotion.

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Sthitaprajña, Bhagavad Gītā, Śaṃkarācārya, Rāmānujācārya, Advaita Vedānta, Bhaktiyoga, Self-realization

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Systematic Review of Literature of Community Based Tourism

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8591

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Apasmara (Epilepsy) comes under the group of ShareermanoAdhisthathaManasikvikara (body and mind disorder) which is defined as the apagama(loss) of smriti(memory) associated with bibhasthachestha (irrelevant behaviour) due to derangement of dhi (thinking capacity) and satva (mental strength ). The modern available antiepileptic drugs control the seizure attack, but long term use of them generates adverse reaction at cognitive level and leads to behavioural disorder and also affects mental health of children and adolescent which are the big issues now-a-days. Therefore, today's era there is need of safe and effective treatment which not only controls the seizure attack but also help to improve quality of life, least or no side effects and also cures the disease. 6yrs old male child approached Kaumarbhritya (paediatric) OPD with complaints of frequent seizure attacks, headache since from at the age of 4 yrs. with regular oral antiepileptic drugs medication (allopathic), Parents are not satisfied with treatment and feel worried about their side effects. So, he was advised with Ayurvedic regimen that is ChaturbhujRas (Raskalpa) and PratimarshNasya with Vacha- Shampakadighrita along with antiepileptic drugs. After treatment child had significant relief from some symptoms of Epilepsy. The frequency of attack, severity and duration of seizure attack was found to be reduced and improved quality of life. Ayurvedic management found some kind of beneficial in this case.

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Apasmara, Epilepsy, Antiepileptic Drugs, PratimarshyaNasya, Rasaushadhi

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Cultural folk music often faces negligence in front of Technological advancements resulting in the erosion of traditional musical heritage. This study aims to preserve the characteristics of Khasi folk musical instruments through music information retrieval (MIR) techniques to integrate Khasi folk music into the modern digital Technology era. We focus on extracting audio features like "Attack-Delay-Sustain-Release (ADSR)", "Zero-Crossing-Rate (ZCR)" "Spectral Centroid" "Spectral Rolloff" and "Spectral flux" from the sound produced by the Khasi folk musical instruments. The extracted features will be used to train the machine learning model and preserved for future use and reference. Our model used in this study consists of a bunch of Classifiers and we focus our analysis on 7 different types of Khasi folk musical instruments. We obtain a precision of 91%, a recall of 90%, and an F1-score of 90%.

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 Keywords

Khasi, Khasi folk musical instruments, machine learning, Music Information Retrieval(MIR)

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Mushroom are the macro-fungus belongs to Basidiomycotina order Agaricales all species are saprophytic, heterotrophic and achlorophyllous. The most extensively grown mushroom species worldwide is Agaricus bisporus. A. bisporus pure spawn is used to inoculate beds of semi-pasteurized composted organic substrate to begin the cultivation process. After that, the A.bisporus mycelium colonizes the composted substrate by breaking down the organic matter and releasing nutrients. To encourage the growth of the mushroom crop and preserve the compost environment, a layer of peat, also referred to as "casing soil," is spread on top of the composted substrate. Although the biochemistry and genetics of A. bisporus have been extensively studied during the cultivation process, little is now understood about the broader microbial ecology that co-inhabits the casing layers and composted substrate.

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 Keywords

Agaricus bisporus; Biochemistry; Casing; Compost;Saprophytic

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition