Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Migration is considered a last resort for human survival, especially among refugees. However, the survival of refugees often comes at the cost of losing/leaving their family and loved ones in their hostile homeland. Clinical research shows that refugee survivors often suffer a deep sense of shame and guilt for surviving the violent trauma, while others could not. This psychological response is known as "survivor's guilt" that stems from the morality of an individual subject. This paper follows the philosophical discourse of Amber. L. Griffioen on analysing the impact of survivor's guilt on survivor victims. The present study utilizes Nikita Lalwani's You People (2021) as a case study to explore the impact of guilt on refugee survivors and how this psychological reaction retrospectively helps the survivors to re-build their lost self.

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 Keywords

survivor's guilt, violence, forced displacement, resilience, human survival, psychological response

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Fiction is an important and effective genre in literature through which ideas and themes can be potently streamlined for the reader to bring in the necessary response. Literature, in general, expresses its inherent themes in n audacious manner. There are various literary genres are present across the temporal dimension of the existence; poem, short story, fiction, drama, biography, autobiography etc.,. Among all theses, fiction exercises the privilege of having a complex plot and possessing enough space to accommodate variegated structures of a story line. Fiction genre is present in all the cultures across the globe irrespective of their time line and peaks of civilizations. In English literature beginning of Geoffrey Chaucer to modern day writers fiction has provided plenty of scope for literary explorations. Fiction has been streamlined into different varieties like historical fiction, science fiction, mystery fiction, realistic fiction, post modern fiction, children's fiction and fan fiction etc., all these varieties give a complete representation of imagery narrative in its thematic expressions. As components of a fiction, character, plot, setting, point of view, style, symbols, motives, images fulfill the voids present in the artistic rendering of the story lines. Characters are classified into round character and flat character as per their progression during the advancement of the plot, if a character comes to matured realization it is termed as a round character in which one can notice dramatic changes and its contribution to the story line is clearly visible. Flat characters lack any change during the course of the story progression. The plot is an intricate part of any fiction. The main plot represents the dominant story line of the fiction and subplots vary in number and quality from novel to novel. After the invention of camera recording, feature films dominated the time occupancy of a reader. Instead of spending time at reading table, people rather started to incline towards watching movies enjoying comforts of a theatre. The digital technology of the modern era has brought drastic changes where virtual reality rules the private space leaving little scope for reading habit. Technology adopted by masses rules the arena. Digital age posits vivid opportunities in rendering fiction into movie where the audience can reap the benefits of the literary flavor the writer wanted to bring into it. Key terms: Digital world, Sci-Fi, Subjective-Objective, Epic theatre, Shorts, Mini-Digis

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Digital world, Sci-Fi, Subjective-Objective, Epic theatre, Shorts, Mini-Digis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study critically examines the contribution of cooperative banks in enhancing farmers' awareness of agricultural development schemes and in delivering effective financial services in the districts of Chamarajanagara and Mysore. Emphasis is placed on understanding the extent to which farmers are informed about government-sponsored initiatives through cooperative banks and their level of satisfaction with the services received. Findings indicate that while cooperative banks are deeply embedded in the rural financial landscape, challenges such as inconsistent communication, low outreach among disadvantaged groups, and procedural delays hinder the full realization of their benefits. Many farmers report limited knowledge of available schemes, particularly in low-income and less-educated segments, pointing to a gap in targeted awareness efforts. Additionally, while the proximity and familiarity of cooperative banks contribute to trust, service inefficiencies--like delayed loan disbursal and inadequate staff responsiveness--impact overall satisfaction. The study concludes that to maximize their role in rural development, cooperative banks must adopt more inclusive outreach programs, strengthen service quality, and build staff capacities to better serve the evolving needs of the farming community.

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 Keywords

Cooperative banks, agricultural finance, rural credit, Mysore, Chamarajanagara, farmer satisfaction, loan accessibility, financial inclusion, mean

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The connection between life, pain, and artistic expression creates a powerful story in the works of Frida Kahlo and Amrita Shergil. Both artists transformed their personal struggles and suffering into great masterpieces. Kahlo's physical suffering and Shergil's cultural displacement beautifully turned into bold and meaningful visual expressions. This paper explores how Kahlo's autobiographical paintings reflect her ongoing battle with chronic pain and numerous surgeries, while Shergil's art highlights the emotional and social struggles faced by Indian women. By analysing their use of the body, symbolism, and self-portraiture, this study sheds light on how both artists turned their suffering into powerful artistic statements, ultimately using art as a way to rise above their pain.

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 Keywords

Frida Kahlo, Amrita Shergil, pain, trauma, feminism, body, self-portraiture.

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Abstract Today yoga being a subject of varied interests has gained world wide popularity. Recent research trends have shown that it can serve as applied science in a number of fields such as education physical education and sports health and family welfare psychology and medicine and also one of the valuable means for the development of human resources for better performance and productivity. Pranayama is a separate limb of yoga and is usually practiced separately to yogasana. The word Kumbhaka means 'vessel'. It implies holding or retaining something, in pranayama, this term is used to describe retention of breath. To achieve the purpose of the present study twenty five (N-25) male undergraduate students were selected. Who voluntarily, willingly served as subjects for the study variables for the present study. The subjects were given Kumbhaka Pranayama for a period of one month (30 days) and for duration of 20 minutes every day throughout the course of experimental treatment. The practice of kumbhaka pranayama (Ujjayi pranayama) for 20 minutes a day for a period of 30 days has a significant effect on cardiovascular endurance and muscular endurance.

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Key words: yoga, kumbhaka, cardio vascular endurance, muscularendurance..etc.

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The peasant migration from the Travancore region to Malabar marked a significant social transformation in Kerala, India, during the first half of the twentieth century. This migration is commonly described as a movement of peasants in search of land. Most scholarly studies on this phenomenon have been conducted by researchers from economics backgrounds, resulting in a dominant narrative shaped by economic perspectives. However, a notable segment of the migrating population--slave caste communities, particularly Dalit Christians--has received little scholarly attention. This paper examines the Dalit Christians' quest for dignity as they migrated from a life of bondage to attain the status of peasantry. Based on ethnographic interviews and social memory, the author argues that the Malabar migration provided Dalit Christians with dignity and the status of peasants, in contrast to the conditions of enslavement they experienced in Travancore.

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 Keywords

Malabar Migration, Dalit Christians, Dignity, Slavery, Peasantry

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract Introduction: In today's fast-paced world, where health often takes a backseat, the knowledge of nutritional deficiencies among school children is slipping through the cracks -- and who better to turn the tide than school teachers, the torchbearers of young minds? In the selected schools of Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, educators stand at the crossroads, holding the key to early detection and prevention of malnutrition-related issues. This study aims to leave no stone unturned in assessing how well-equipped these mentors are in identifying and addressing the dietary pitfalls that can stunt a child's growth and learning. After all, a stitch in time saves nine, and empowering teachers with nutritional awareness could be the first step toward healthier, brighter futures for countless children. Aims: The primary aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge regarding nutritional deficiencies among school teachers in selected schools of Sagar, Madhya Pradesh. It seeks to identify gaps in awareness, understand teachers' roles in early recognition of nutritional issues among students, and promote the integration of basic nutrition education into the school environment. Ultimately, the study aspires to empower teachers as frontline advocates for child health and nutrition. Objectives: 1) To assess the existing knowledge of school teachers regarding common nutritional deficiencies among school children. 2) To identify the types of nutritional deficiencies most prevalent among school children as perceived by school teachers. 3) To determine the association between knowledge level and selected demographic variables of school teachers (e.g., age, gender, qualification, teaching experience, training in nutrition/health, etc.). 4) To provide recommendations for educational interventions or training programs based on the findings. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among 40 school teachers from Amreen English Medium Higher Secondary School, Sagar (M.P.), selected through simple random sampling. Inclusion criteria were teachers who were present, willing to participate, and had some knowledge of nutritional deficiencies. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire comprising two sections: demographic variables and multiple-choice questions assessing knowledge on causes, symptoms, prevention, and management of nutritional deficiencies in children. The tool's validity was ensured through expert review, and reliability was confirmed with a Spearman-Brown coefficient of 0.96. A pilot study on 10 participants established the feasibility of the study. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, percentage, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) to determine associations between knowledge levels and demographic variables. Results: The findings of the study revealed that the majority of school teachers (63%) were aged between 20-30 years, with a higher proportion being male (70%). Most held a bachelor's degree (70%) and had 0-5 years of teaching experience (63%), predominantly teaching science (56%) in rural private schools. Regarding knowledge of nutritional deficiencies, most teachers demonstrated an average level of knowledge, with a few showing poor or good knowledge scores. The Chi-square analysis indicated no statistically significant association between the pre-test knowledge levels and demographic variables such as age, gender, education qualification, teaching experience, subject area, grade level taught, type and location of school, marital status, number of children, socio-economic status, training related to child nutrition, attendance at workshops/seminars, or personal/family history of nutritional deficiency disorders. This suggests that the knowledge level of school teachers regarding nutritional deficiencies in school children was generally independent of their demographic characteristics. Conclusion: The present study concluded that while the majority of school teachers had an average level of knowledge regarding nutritional deficiencies among school children, there remains a significant gap in comprehensive understanding, especially in specific areas such as symptoms, prevention, and long-term impacts. Despite varying demographic characteristics, no significant association was found between knowledge levels and factors such as age, gender, educational qualification, teaching experience, or participation in training or workshops. This indicates the need for structured, targeted educational interventions and regular in-service training programs to enhance teachers' awareness and equip them with the necessary knowledge to identify and address nutritional issues among students effectively. Strengthening teachers' understanding can contribute to early detection, better guidance, and promotion of healthier practices among school children.

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 Keywords

Nutritional Deficiencies, School Children, School Teachers, Knowledge Level, Health Education, Micronutrient Deficiency, Malnutrition, Teacher Awareness, Descriptive Study, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, Training and Workshops, Child Nutrition, Educational Interventions, Pre-test Knowledge, Demographic Variables

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In today's high-demand, digitally driven workplaces, organizations face mounting challenges in monitoring and enhancing employee well-being while maintaining optimal productivity. Traditional management tools such as annual performance reviews, feedback forms, and wellness surveys often fall short in identifying real-time stress or burnout in employees. These conventional mechanisms are reactive and lag behind the rapid pace of workplace changes. To bridge this gap, this research introduces the concept of Neuro Management Systems -- an innovative model that utilizes Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) to detect and respond to employee stress and productivity levels in real time. Brain-Computer Interfaces are neurotechnological systems that interpret electrical brain signals (such as EEG waves) to understand an individual's cognitive state. In the proposed framework, employees wear lightweight, non-invasive neural headsets that transmit data about their focus, mental fatigue, and emotional stress. This raw data is analyzed by machine learning algorithms that translate brain signals into actionable insights on an employee's cognitive workload and emotional resilience. These insights are then visualized in a real-time management dashboard, accessible to authorized supervisors and HR personnel. This system not only enables the early detection of stress and cognitive overload but also supports dynamic decision-making. For instance, if the system identifies a consistent decline in attention span or a rise in stress levels in a specific team, the manager can intervene immediately by adjusting task distribution, providing support resources, or introducing wellness breaks. Thus, instead of waiting for signs of burnout to become visible, the organization can proactively adapt workplace conditions to sustain employee performance and mental health.A key advantage of this neuro-management model lies in its personalized and adaptive capability. Every individual's brain responds differently to workload and stimuli. Over time, the system learns employee-specific neural patterns and tailors recommendations accordingly. This eliminates one-size-fits-all strategies and fosters a culture of precision management. Moreover, this research emphasizes strong ethical safeguards. As neuro-data is sensitive, the framework includes robust privacy protocols, employee consent mechanisms, and data anonymization standards. The goal is not surveillance but support -- using technology to empower rather than control. The implications of this model are far-reaching. In high-stress sectors like finance, healthcare, customer service, and software development, real-time neuro-feedback can significantly reduce attrition, boost job satisfaction, and enhance output. The integration of neuroscience with management transforms the traditional HR paradigm into a neuro-intelligent decision support system that is empathetic, efficient, and forward-looking.this paper lays the foundation for a new frontier in management -- one where the human brain becomes an active feedback tool for leadership decisions. By merging cognitive data with organizational strategy, Neuro Management Systems offer a sustainable path to managing talent in complex, high-performance environments. This research provides a blueprint for building stress-aware, neuro-responsive workplaces that place employee wellness at the core of productivity and performance optimization..

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 Keywords

Computer Interface (BCI),Neuro-Management Systems,Employee Stress Monitoring,Cognitive Load eal-Time Productivity Tracking,Workplace Neurotechnology,EEG-Based Feedback,Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Phishing has emerged as a significant cybersecurity challenge, evolving across multiple communication platforms such as SMS, email, instant messaging apps, voice calls, and malicious web links. To address this growing concern, this paper presents a unified and modular phishing detection framework capable of analyzing diverse data types including textual content, URLs, call transcripts, and mobile metadata. The system integrates natural language processing with traditional and ensemble machine learning algorithms--such as BERT, LSTM, Random Forest, and XGBoost--alongside advanced feature selection techniques like PCA and RFE to enhance detection accuracy and efficiency. Each data input type is routed through a dedicated pipeline designed to extract semantic, structural, and behavioral patterns indicative of phishing attempts. Additionally, the model incorporates image-based website analysis and speech-to-text interpretation for detecting visually deceptive pages and voice scams. Evaluated on a curated dataset of over 30,000 instances, the proposed system achieves strong detection performance while maintaining low false positive rates. The real-time processing and centralized threat visualization make it suitable for deployment in both enterprise networks and consumer-facing applications. This research contributes to scalable, cross-platform phishing prevention through intelligent, adaptable detection mechanisms.

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 Keywords

Phishing detection, Machine learning, URL analysis, Speech processing, Text classification, Cyber threat intelligence.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study explores how urban consumers in Southern India weigh ethical product attributes such as organic certification, fair-trade labels, biodegradable packaging, and local sourcing when making purchase decisions. Using a choice-based conjoint (CBC) analysis, it investigates the role of environmental concern and trust in certification labels in shaping consumer preferences and willingness to pay (WTP). Focusing on Tier-2 cities, the research addresses gaps in ethical consumption studies within emerging markets. Findings reveal that while price remains influential, ethical features significantly impact consumer choices, especially among younger and higher-income groups. The study also highlights a narrowing gap between ethical intentions and actual behaviour, offering practical insights for ethical branding and sustainable marketing strategies. By integrating psychological and demographic dimensions, this research provides a culturally contextualised framework for understanding ethical consumerism in transitional economies and offers actionable implications for policymakers, marketers, and certification agencies promoting sustainability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ethical consumption, Conjoint analysis, Willingness to pay, Certification trust, Environmental concern, Sustainable marketing, India, attitude-behaviour gap, Tier-2 cities

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition