Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

This study investigates the role of financial literacy in influencing savings and investment decisions among Self-Help Group (SHG) members in Mysore district, Karnataka. SHGs serve as crucial platforms for financial empowerment, especially for economically disadvantaged women in rural areas. Using a descriptive survey approach, data was collected from 400 SHG members across four taluks. Findings reveal that financial literacy significantly shapes savings behavior, investment decisions, and digital financial engagement. Key variables like education, income, and location were found to significantly impact financial behavior, with ANOVA results confirming their influence. The study also shows that SHG participation strengthens members' confidence, enhances financial planning, and encourages goal-based saving. High mean scores across financial literacy and behavior variables confirm positive attitudes and decision-making capacity. The analysis underlines the transformative role of SHGs in improving financial well-being and advocates for targeted, digital-inclusive financial literacy initiatives to empower rural women further. The study concludes with recommendations for strengthening SHG-based financial education programs and proposes future research directions on long-term wealth creation and digital inclusion.

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 Keywords

Financial Literacy, Self-Help Groups (SHGs), Investment Behavior, Savings, Women Empowerment, Digital Finance, Mysore District.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Human life depends on health, yet many people tend to undervalue it, particularly in underdeveloped countries where health aware-ness is still poor. One of the main causes of this is the challenge people have when trying to consult medical professionals because of time, money, or schedule constraints. People who lead hectic lives frequently neglect to get regular medical checkups. In order to solve this, we have created an application driven by artificial intelligence that assists users in evaluating their medical conditions by using the symptoms they enter. Additionally, the device can check if prescribed drugs are being taken as directed and analyze ECG scans. Accessible from anywhere at any time, this intelligent medical interface promotes healthy living and provides individualized health advice. This software seeks to raise health awareness and promote proactive self-care by making it easier to get medical information.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Health Care, Medical Diagnosis, Symptom Checker, Machine Learning, Health Awareness, ECG Analy-sis, Smart Health System, Disease Prediction, Medical Chatbot, KNN Classifier, Self-Care, Health Interface, Remote Diagnosis.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Plato's proposals in The Republic for the abolition of private property and the family among the guardian class represent one of the earliest and most radical visions of political communism. These ideas, often referred to as Plato's "communism of property and family," reflect his philosophical pursuit of justice, unity, and harmony within the ideal state. This paper critically examines Plato's communistic proposals, their philosophical foundations, and the implications they hold for understanding justice, individual freedom, and social organization. Through a textual and interpretive analysis, the paper also explores major criticisms from Aristotle to modern scholars, highlighting the tension between the ideal and the practicable in Plato's political thought.

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 Keywords

Communism, private property, family, guardian class, ideal state.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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As South and Southeast Asian countries unify their regional energy networks to meet increasing energy demands, massive transnational schemes such as hydroelectric dams and state-to-state transmission lines have raised serious issues of environmental justice, community displacement, and absence of public engagement. This research examines the legal and institutional framework of such projects in India and the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations), focusing on whether they offer transparency, sustainability, and accountability in the environmental and social senses. The study investigates important bilateral and regional agreements like the India-Nepal Power Trade Agreement, the India-Bhutan Hydropower Memoranda of Understanding, and ASEAN Power Grid. The study also engages with relevant Indian legal frameworks, in particular the Forest Rights Act of 2006 and the Environment (Protection) Act of 1986. Based on a review of a number of case studies, this paper identifies deficiancies in legal systems, for example, the lack of cross-border Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), weak participation of all the stakeholders affected by such projects, and weak grievance redressal mechanisms. This paper argues that current legislations and regulations are weak and do not deal with local and environmental concerns that cross national borders. The paper also proposes reforms like binding cross-border EIAs, environmental justice clauses in treaties, community rehabilitation and redressal and regional oversight arrangements to foster a more equitable and sustainable model of energy governance in the region.

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 Keywords

Environmental justice, regional energy governance, transboundary environmental impact assessments (EIA), and legal reform in South and Southeast Asia.

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Migration is considered a last resort for human survival, especially among refugees. However, the survival of refugees often comes at the cost of losing/leaving their family and loved ones in their hostile homeland. Clinical research shows that refugee survivors often suffer a deep sense of shame and guilt for surviving the violent trauma, while others could not. This psychological response is known as "survivor's guilt" that stems from the morality of an individual subject. This paper follows the philosophical discourse of Amber. L. Griffioen on analysing the impact of survivor's guilt on survivor victims. The present study utilizes Nikita Lalwani's You People (2021) as a case study to explore the impact of guilt on refugee survivors and how this psychological reaction retrospectively helps the survivors to re-build their lost self.

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 Keywords

survivor's guilt, violence, forced displacement, resilience, human survival, psychological response

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Fiction is an important and effective genre in literature through which ideas and themes can be potently streamlined for the reader to bring in the necessary response. Literature, in general, expresses its inherent themes in n audacious manner. There are various literary genres are present across the temporal dimension of the existence; poem, short story, fiction, drama, biography, autobiography etc.,. Among all theses, fiction exercises the privilege of having a complex plot and possessing enough space to accommodate variegated structures of a story line. Fiction genre is present in all the cultures across the globe irrespective of their time line and peaks of civilizations. In English literature beginning of Geoffrey Chaucer to modern day writers fiction has provided plenty of scope for literary explorations. Fiction has been streamlined into different varieties like historical fiction, science fiction, mystery fiction, realistic fiction, post modern fiction, children's fiction and fan fiction etc., all these varieties give a complete representation of imagery narrative in its thematic expressions. As components of a fiction, character, plot, setting, point of view, style, symbols, motives, images fulfill the voids present in the artistic rendering of the story lines. Characters are classified into round character and flat character as per their progression during the advancement of the plot, if a character comes to matured realization it is termed as a round character in which one can notice dramatic changes and its contribution to the story line is clearly visible. Flat characters lack any change during the course of the story progression. The plot is an intricate part of any fiction. The main plot represents the dominant story line of the fiction and subplots vary in number and quality from novel to novel. After the invention of camera recording, feature films dominated the time occupancy of a reader. Instead of spending time at reading table, people rather started to incline towards watching movies enjoying comforts of a theatre. The digital technology of the modern era has brought drastic changes where virtual reality rules the private space leaving little scope for reading habit. Technology adopted by masses rules the arena. Digital age posits vivid opportunities in rendering fiction into movie where the audience can reap the benefits of the literary flavor the writer wanted to bring into it. Key terms: Digital world, Sci-Fi, Subjective-Objective, Epic theatre, Shorts, Mini-Digis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Digital world, Sci-Fi, Subjective-Objective, Epic theatre, Shorts, Mini-Digis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study critically examines the contribution of cooperative banks in enhancing farmers' awareness of agricultural development schemes and in delivering effective financial services in the districts of Chamarajanagara and Mysore. Emphasis is placed on understanding the extent to which farmers are informed about government-sponsored initiatives through cooperative banks and their level of satisfaction with the services received. Findings indicate that while cooperative banks are deeply embedded in the rural financial landscape, challenges such as inconsistent communication, low outreach among disadvantaged groups, and procedural delays hinder the full realization of their benefits. Many farmers report limited knowledge of available schemes, particularly in low-income and less-educated segments, pointing to a gap in targeted awareness efforts. Additionally, while the proximity and familiarity of cooperative banks contribute to trust, service inefficiencies--like delayed loan disbursal and inadequate staff responsiveness--impact overall satisfaction. The study concludes that to maximize their role in rural development, cooperative banks must adopt more inclusive outreach programs, strengthen service quality, and build staff capacities to better serve the evolving needs of the farming community.

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 Keywords

Cooperative banks, agricultural finance, rural credit, Mysore, Chamarajanagara, farmer satisfaction, loan accessibility, financial inclusion, mean

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The connection between life, pain, and artistic expression creates a powerful story in the works of Frida Kahlo and Amrita Shergil. Both artists transformed their personal struggles and suffering into great masterpieces. Kahlo's physical suffering and Shergil's cultural displacement beautifully turned into bold and meaningful visual expressions. This paper explores how Kahlo's autobiographical paintings reflect her ongoing battle with chronic pain and numerous surgeries, while Shergil's art highlights the emotional and social struggles faced by Indian women. By analysing their use of the body, symbolism, and self-portraiture, this study sheds light on how both artists turned their suffering into powerful artistic statements, ultimately using art as a way to rise above their pain.

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 Keywords

Frida Kahlo, Amrita Shergil, pain, trauma, feminism, body, self-portraiture.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract Today yoga being a subject of varied interests has gained world wide popularity. Recent research trends have shown that it can serve as applied science in a number of fields such as education physical education and sports health and family welfare psychology and medicine and also one of the valuable means for the development of human resources for better performance and productivity. Pranayama is a separate limb of yoga and is usually practiced separately to yogasana. The word Kumbhaka means 'vessel'. It implies holding or retaining something, in pranayama, this term is used to describe retention of breath. To achieve the purpose of the present study twenty five (N-25) male undergraduate students were selected. Who voluntarily, willingly served as subjects for the study variables for the present study. The subjects were given Kumbhaka Pranayama for a period of one month (30 days) and for duration of 20 minutes every day throughout the course of experimental treatment. The practice of kumbhaka pranayama (Ujjayi pranayama) for 20 minutes a day for a period of 30 days has a significant effect on cardiovascular endurance and muscular endurance.

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Key words: yoga, kumbhaka, cardio vascular endurance, muscularendurance..etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The peasant migration from the Travancore region to Malabar marked a significant social transformation in Kerala, India, during the first half of the twentieth century. This migration is commonly described as a movement of peasants in search of land. Most scholarly studies on this phenomenon have been conducted by researchers from economics backgrounds, resulting in a dominant narrative shaped by economic perspectives. However, a notable segment of the migrating population--slave caste communities, particularly Dalit Christians--has received little scholarly attention. This paper examines the Dalit Christians' quest for dignity as they migrated from a life of bondage to attain the status of peasantry. Based on ethnographic interviews and social memory, the author argues that the Malabar migration provided Dalit Christians with dignity and the status of peasants, in contrast to the conditions of enslavement they experienced in Travancore.

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 Keywords

Malabar Migration, Dalit Christians, Dignity, Slavery, Peasantry

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition