Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between skill performance and physical fitness components among young female soccer players from hilly regions of Nagaland. A total of 50 subjects, all represented the state at National Level, aged 16-20 years, were selected for the study. Skill performance was measured using the Mor and Christian Soccer Playing Ability Test. The physical fitness components assessed include speed, cardiovascular endurance, agility, flexibility, and explosive leg strength. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to analyze the obtained data. The study's result shows positive correlations between speed and dribbling, agility and dribbling, explosive leg strength and dribbling. However, no significant correlation was found between cardiovascular endurance and shooting or passing. The findings suggest that players from hilly areas, where physical demands like climbing steep terrain are common, may have an advantage in developing speed, agility, and strength, which enhance dribbling skills. The study highlights the need for specialized training that balances physical fitness and skill development, especially for players from unique environments like hilly regions.

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Skill performance, physical fitness components, young female soccer players, hilly regions, speed, agility, dribbling

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Saint Samandas devoted his entire life to celibacy and played a significant role in removing orthodoxy and superstition from society. He emphasized primary education for the upliftment of the underprivileged sections and contributed to social and cultural transformation. A true devotee of Saint Ravidas, Saint Samandas adopted the teachings of Saint Ravidas and Saint Gyan Bhikshuk das in his life. He regarded Guru Ravidas as a great spiritual teacher for all humanity and a source of eternal knowledge. He considered Ravidas's pure and liberating philosophy as a guiding light for human development. Saint Samandas extended the teachings and hymns of Ravidas, which were once limited to Punjab, across various regions such as Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, and Delhi. He also established Ravidas Ashrams and educational institutions to promote these values.

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Saint samandas as a social reformer, dear ideology, promoter of Ravidas ashram

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The Ahoms, who migrated from Southeast Asia, made a significant contribution to the formation the broader Assamese society after founding the Ahom kingdom during the medieval period. They brought with them their own religious beliefs and customs but in the due course time, they gradually adopted Hindu religion while still preserving their distinct religious and cultural practices. They established several Satras, erected numerous and famous temples in various parts of the kingdom. To patronize these Satras and temples, they granted a large amount of revenue free land grants along with valuable donations and gifts and also assigned people known as Bahatiyas paiks. Though, the Ahom rulers were liberal in their religious policy by patronising the three major cults of Hinduism-Vaishnavism, Shaivism, and Shaktism but they altered their policy based on the demands of the situation. This study aims to analyse the importance of the Hinduisation of the Ahom rulers and their changing religious policy, whenever necessary.

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The Ahoms, religious policy, Vaishnavism, Shaktism, Satras, Brahmans

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Effective communication is essential for engineering students, impacting their academic success and future professional growth. However, students in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana face multiple barriers that hinder their communication skills, including linguistic challenges, lack of confidence, cultural influences, and limited exposure to practical communication. This paper explores these barriers and proposes strategies to overcome them, such as improving English proficiency, integrating soft skills training into the curriculum, encouraging interactive learning methods, and fostering a confidence-building environment. Addressing these issues will enhance students' communication abilities, making them better prepared for the demands of the modern workplace.

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Communication barriers, engineering students, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, English proficiency, soft skills, confidence building, academic success, professional growth.

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The widespread propagation of fake news via digital means gravely impairs constructive civil discourse, thus making detection systems essential. This work presents a machine learning-based fake news detection framework implementing NLP and text classification techniques. A labeled dataset of real and purposely fabricated news articles is preprocessed by lowercasing, removal of punctuation, and normalization of tokens, and feature extraction is performed using a TF-IDF vectorizer. The dataset is then split into training and testing sets to achieve the strong evaluation purposes. Four classification models of Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and Gradient Boosting (GB) are trained and tested under the evaluation criteria of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The experimental results reveal that a pair of ensemble classifiers, namely RF and GB, are the best performers in fake news detection. Further, the system permits manual testing of any custom text inputs-from-the-fly to make it more usable in real-life settings. From the results, it can be inferred that NLP combined with ensemble machine learning can provide a scalable and automated tool for the efficient identification of fake news. Future enhancements can include deep learning and large language models to improve accuracy and the ability to adapt.

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Fake News Detection, Machine Learning, NLP, Text Classification, TF-IDF, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, Misinformation, Model Evaluation, Ensemble Learning, Automated News Verification.

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The rise of digital technologies has led to the exponential growth of data, necessitating advanced analytical frameworks to manage, process, and derive meaningful insights. Big Data, characterized by its high volume, velocity, and variety, serves as a foundation for informed decision-making across sectors such as business, healthcare, finance, and e-commerce. Concurrently, decision trees have emerged as intuitive tools for classification and prediction, offering a transparent and structured approach to decision-making. This paper explores the fundamental concepts of Big Data, its classifications, and key applications, and demonstrates the construction and use of decision trees through practical case scenarios. Additionally, the study incorporates the use of EdrawMind, an open-source visualization tool, to develop clear and interpretable decision tree diagrams that enhance understanding and presentation. The study highlights how these tools collectively contribute to data-driven decisions and outlines their potential for academic and industrial applications.

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Big Data, Decision Trees, Data Analytics, Data-Driven Decision-Making

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Main objectives of Ayurveda have been divided into two aspects namely: Swasthasya Swathya Rakshanam - To protect and maintain the health of a healthy person (Preventive and Social medicine) Aturasya Vikar Prashamanam - To treat the disease and giving relief to sick person (Therapeutics). According to Ayurveda, Ahar (Diet) plays very important role for good physical and mental health. If we follow proper rules for consumption of food then it acts as amruta (nectar) otherwise it may produce various health issues. Now a day due to changes in life style we cannot maintain to take diet in proper quantity and in proper time. Ayurveda text books elaborate about proper way of consumption of food. This study was done to converse on proper way of consumption of food as it is one of most important pillars of human life

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Upsthambha,Ahar, Swasthya, Ayurveda, Atur,Amrut

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In Ayurveda, the treatment of bone fractures is known as Bhagna Chikitsa, which is a part of both surgical and para-surgical care. This concept was developed in detail by Acharya Sushruta, who classified fractures (Kandbhagna) and based on their type, shape, and the extent of displacement. Ayurveda offers a variety of treatment methods for managing such injuries. Traditional techniques like Kushabandh, Chakrayoga, Taila Droni, and Alepa are useful in specific cases. However, the core methods used include Bhagna Sthapana (realigning the bone), Bandhana (immobilization), and Sukhchestaprasara (gradual restoration of movement), often supported by surgical or para-surgical procedures. Alongside these, Ayurvedic and modern systems of medicine also provide symptomatic treatments to reduce pain and swelling. This holistic approach reflects the strength and relevance of Ayurvedic methods in managing fractures, even in today's medical practice.

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Ayurveda, Surgery, Bhagna, Fracture.

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Tadasana, or Mountain Pose, is a foundational standing posture in yoga that emphasizes proper alignment, balance, and body awareness. This article explores the anatomical and Ayurvedic perspectives of Tadasana, highlighting its benefits for physical health and mental clarity. From an anatomical standpoint, Tadasana engages multiple muscle groups, including the core, legs, and back, while promoting the alignment of the feet, knees, pelvis, spine, shoulders, and head. This alignment encourages a neutral spine, prevents joint strain, and enhances stability. In Ayurveda, Tadasana is viewed as a practice that promotes the balance of the three doshas--Vata, Pitta, and Kapha--through grounding, centering, and energy flow regulation. The pose supports the body's Prana (vital energy) and Agni (digestive fire), fostering overall health and well-being. By cultivating Sattva (mental clarity) and balancing the body's energy, Tadasana helps improve posture, mental focus, and physical strength. This holistic understanding of Tadasana underscores its significance in both yoga practice and Ayurvedic health, offering practitioners a pathway to physical and emotional equilibrium.

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 Keywords

Tadasana, Mountain Pose, Ayurvedic health, Agni, digestive fire

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The study analytically examines the impact of determinants of government expenditure on higher education in Rajasthan by considering the time series data for the period 1980-2023. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach given by Toda and Yamamoto (1995) has been applied. Sources of data collected for the considered variables are EPWRF Indian Time Series and Economic Review of Rajasthan. Total expenditure on education has been used as dependent variable while Net State Domestic Product, Pupil Teacher Ratio, Number of Teachers and Total enrolment have been used as independent variables. ARDL bound test confirms the pre sence of the long-run relationship between the variables. Pupil Teacher Ratio and Net State Domestic Product show the positive significant effect on expenditure on higher education in the long run. Total Expenditure on higher education with lag 1 has been found significant in effecting the current total expenditure on higher education similarly current Net State Domestic Product and itself with lag 1 have the statistically significant impact on the total expenditure on higher education in short- run.

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 Keywords

Higher Education, Government Expenditure, Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model, Rajasthan.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition