Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

ABSTRACT The deliberate elimination of unnecessary components to attain visual clarity and effective communication has made minimalism a distinguishing aesthetic in modern logo design. With an emphasis on form reduction principles--the purposeful simplicity of shape, color, and composition to reduce brand identification to its most basic visual form--this theoretical research paper explores the minimalist approach. Based on semiotic theory, the study examines how minimalist logos serve as potent signifiers, using negative space, restricted color schemes, and geometric shapes that are instantly recognized to express meaning. Gestalt principles of perception, including figure-ground, closure, and closeness, are examined as cognitive processes that allow viewers to perceive coherence and completeness in simplified forms. The review emphasizes various benefits of minimalism, such as improved memorability, cross-media scalability, and its timeless nature. It also discusses possible downsides, including the risks of oversimplification and cultural misinterpretation. The paper pinpoints the equilibrium designers need to find between simplicity and distinctiveness for effective brand communication, through a synthesis of design theory and existing literature. This review provides an overview of potential avenues for future research, including empirical investigations into cultural reception, cognitive processing of minimalist logos, and adaptations in digital contexts like responsive and animated brand marks. The results underscore that minimalism transcends a mere stylistic choice; it is a design methodology grounded in clarity, functionality, and strategic visual reduction. With branding evolving in a highly congested visual landscape, minimalist principles continue to be a potent and pertinent strategy for logo design.

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KEYWORDS: Minimalist logo design, Form reduction principles, Gestalt perception, Brand identity, Visual simplicity

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Anxiety related to examinations is a psychological complication that greatly hinders academic achievements and emotional feelings among the students in secondary school. Over the past couple of years, hypnotherapy has posed as a potentially effective mind-body treatment in reducing anxiety and cognitive improvement. The review presents a summary of the worldwide and Indian research and studies on the effectiveness of hypnotherapy and its ability to reduce exam anxiety and enhance academic performance with specific reference to West Bengal in India. Based on randomized controls, qualitative studies, and theoretical perspectives, the article analyses the hypnotherapy workings, how it fares compared to other interventions, and how school-based school mental health initiatives can incorporate its use. The review shows gaps in the research, cultural considerations, and ethical implications, giving the future guidance of the potential empirical work within the Indian educational context.

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Hypnotherapy, Examination Anxiety, Academic Performance, Secondary School Students, West Bengal, Mind-body Intervention

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This study investigates the investment patterns of individual investors with a specific focus on small and medium capitalization (SMC) companies in Karnataka. Data was collected from 400 respondents across various regions to understand how demographic characteristics, risk tolerance, and behavioural aspects influence investment decisions. The analysis utilized descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, such as ANOVA and correlation analysis, to interpret the findings. Results show that younger investors with moderate experience are more inclined toward investing in SMCs, preferring moderate levels of risk. Key factors influencing investment behaviour include the role of professional financial advice, peer influence, and strategic evaluation of investment opportunities. However, the study also identifies gaps in financial literacy, investment diversification, and gender representation among investors. These limitations suggest that many individuals may not be fully equipped to make optimal investment decisions. The findings underline the need for enhanced investor education, simpler access to financial markets, and supportive government policies to promote more inclusive and informed participation in the SMC segment. This research contributes valuable insights to the understanding of investor behaviour in emerging markets and can serve as a reference for financial institutions and policymakers in designing better investment frameworks.

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Investment Patterns, Small and Medium Capitalization (SMC), Risk Tolerance, Investors Preferences, Mid-Cap and Small-Cap Stocks, Risk-Return Preferences.

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Together, Ashwin Sanghi's Chanakya's Chant, The Krishna Key, The Vault of Vishnu, and The Ayodhya Alliance offer a singular blend of Indian mythology, history, and modern political suspense. The Mauryan Empire, the Mahabharata, the India-China Silk Road connection, and the Ramayana are some of the historical anchors that are explored in each book, but they also include applying ancient wisdom to contemporary issues. Chanakya's Chant reflects Chanakya's political genius in a contemporary setting, The Krishna Key solves symbolic and archaeological puzzles rooted in Krishna's legacy, The Vault of Vishnu explores cultural exchanges through an espionage lens, and The Ayodhya Alliance reinterprets the Ramayana to address ideological divisions and national unity. Sanghi's main thesis--that the past is a living force influencing the present--is emphasised by his painstaking research, dual or parallel tales, and blending of fact and fiction. create an engaging corpus where contemporary political and cultural issues are met with India's historical legacy. From the statecraft of the Mauryan strategist Chanakya to the symbolic and archaeological legacy of Krishna, the India-China ties along the Silk Road, and the timeless moral and political values of the Ramayana, each piece is rooted in a unique historical or mythological setting. However, Sanghi's distinctive storytelling approach--in-depth historical study, careful blending of fact and fiction, and the interplay of past and present through parallel or interwoven timelines--unites them despite their diverse places and stories. Chanakya's Chant explores the persistence of political shrewdness over centuries, The Krishna Key traverses the fine line between myth and historical truth, The Vault of Vishnu emphasises cultural diplomacy and the struggle for heritage and The Ayodhya Alliance uses mythological allegory to frame discussions on unity, identity, and governance. When taken as a whole, they serve as both compelling thrillers and insightful analyses of how India's cultural legacy continues to influence modern politics and society.

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Archaeological mystery, Political allegory, Mahabharata, Ramayana, National unity, Identity and governance, Angkor Wat, and Ancient wisdom.

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Salinity stress caused by high concentration of salts in the soil is a pervasive issue worldwide impacting agricultural productivity and sustainability. saline soil contain excessive levels of soluble salts primarily sodium chloride (NaCl), which can disrupt plant physiological processes. For glycophytes, plants like fenugreek that are not adapted to saline conditions, exposure to high salt levels can lead to osmotic stress, ion toxicity ad nutrient imbalance. these conditions severely affect plant growth, development and yield. The impact of salinity stress on Trigonella foenum graceum is multifaceted. High salt conditions can impede seed germination, reduce seedling vigor, and limit plant growth by affecting photosynthesis, nutrient uptake and protein synthesis. Salinity also can induce oxidative stress, leading to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (RoS) that damage cellular components. given the economic importance of fenugreek and its increasing demand, understanding the effects of salinity stress on this crop and exploring potential mitigation strategies and imperative. The following experimentation aims to provide an in-depth analysis of effects of salinity stress on Trigonella foenum graecum, focusing on physiological and biochemical interventions. Enhancing the salinity tolerance of fenugreek not only promises to improve crop yields and quality but also contributes to sustainable agriculture and food security in regions affected by soil salinity. In response to salinity stress fenugreek activates various biochemical pathways aimed at mitigating the adverse effects. one key response is the accumulation of osmoprotectants, such as proline and glycine betaine, which help maintain cellular osmotic balance and protect macromolecules from damage. additionally, the antioxidant defense system is upregulated to counteract oxidative stress enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) play crucial roles in scavenging RoS and minimizing oxidative damage (Singh et al. 2018)

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Salinity stress in fenugreek NaCl stress in Trigonella foenum graecum

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Artificial intelligence refers to the simulation of human intelligence or mimic their actions. By adoption of Artificial intelligence in public policy cycle is likely to strengthen the foundational principles of good governance i.e. 3Es - Efficiency, Economy and Effectiveness. This paper aims to understand the role of Artificial intelligence in public policy process and to examine how AI can mitigate the challenges that arise at various stages of policy cycle.

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Artificial intelligence, Public policy cycle, Efficiency, Economy, Effectiveness and Challenges

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 Abstract

kuposhit bachchon ko aksar mahatvapoorn sangyaanaatmak haani ka saamana karana padata hai, jo aavashyak sookshm poshak tatvon kee kamee vaale aahaar ke parinaamasvaroop hota hai, jo poorvaskoolee aayu ke bachchon mein uchit mastishk vikaas ke lie mahatvapoorn hain. is samasya mein kaee kaarak yogadaan karate hain, jinamen kharaab khaan-paan kee aadaten, kam saamaajik aarthik sthiti aur uchit poshan ke baare mein seemit jaagarookata shaamil hai. ye tatv ek aisa chakr banaate hain jo vikaas aur seekhane kee kshamataon ko baadhit karata hai, jo antatah bachche kee bhavishy kee kshamata ko prabhaavit karata hai. 100 preeskoolar ke ek adhyayan se pata chala hai ki kuposhan se peedit bachchon ne achchhee tarah se poshit saathiyon kee tulana mein sangyaanaatmak aakalan par kam ank pradarshit kie.

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Poorv-Schoolee Bachche, Sangyaaaanaatmak Vikaas, Kuposhan, Bhojan Aadaten, Poshan.

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This paper explores how Indian Christianity is engaging with digital technology, revealing shifts in worship, spirituality, community, identity, authority, and cultural expression. Drawing on digital religion research, it shows how traditional practices are being reimagined through online platforms, fostering "digital inculturation" that blends theological heritage with technological innovation. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated these changes, expanding virtual worship, pastoral care, and activism, while raising questions on sacramental validity and the digital divide. Indian Christians navigate global connectivity and local rootedness, using vernacular expressions, cultural symbols, and social justice advocacy to shape distinct cyber-practices. The study offers insights into religious adaptation in a digitally interconnected yet culturally diverse context.

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Virtuality, Internet, Cyber Practices, Indian Christianity, Digital Religion

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Traditional Indian food includes a wide range of meals from different parts of the country, diets, and ways of cooking them. The carbon footprint of 753 classic Indian dishes is examined in this extensive study to assess their environmental impact and find tren ds among dietary habits and regions. Using a Kaggle dataset that included comprehensive nutritional and carbon footprint data, we evaluated foods from three dietary categories (vegetarian, non-vegetarian, and eggetarian) and five geographical regions (North, South, East, West, and Continental). Our study shows notable disparities in environmental impact, with non-vegetarian dishes having a carbon footprint that is 2.38 times more than that of vegetarian substitutes (1.3413 vs. 0.5640 kg CO2e). According to regional data, South Indian cuisines have the lowest average impact (0.5726 kg CO2e), whereas Continental food has the most (0.7079 kg CO2e). The study offers vital information for creating sustainable dietary recommendations and encouraging ecologically friendly traditional Indian food selections.

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carbon footprint, Traditional Indian cuisine, Environmental impact, Sustainable diet, regional cuisine, Food sustainability

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Diabetes mellitus is a complex, chronic condition that requires early and accurate diagnosis to prevent long-term complications. Traditional machine learning models rely on unimodal inputs, such as retinal images or blood test reports, which may not capture the full clinical context of the patient. This research proposes a comprehensive multimodal deep learning framework that integrates three heterogeneous data sources: retinal fundus images, structured blood test reports, and unstructured clinical notes extracted from electronic health records (EHRs). The visual data is processed using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to extract spatial features from retinal images, while tabular lab data is modeled using feed-forward neural networks. For clinical text, we leverage the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) to capture semantic and contextual representations of patient history. A late fusion strategy is employed to combine modality-specific embeddings and generate a unified prediction for diabetes diagnosis and risk scoring. Our model is trained and evaluated on a multimodal dataset comprising real-world patient records. Preliminary results demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms unimodal models in terms of accuracy, F1-score, and AUC. The study highlights the potential of multimodal AI systems to provide more robust, explainable, and patient-specific diagnostic support in clinical settings. Future work will focus on improving interpretability and adapting the model for real-time deployment in healthcare systems.

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Multimodal learning, diabetes prediction, deep learning, BERT, retinal imaging, clinical notes, EHR, blood test data, fusion networks, medical AI, explainable AI, healthcare analytics

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