Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

India's rich flora, including medicinal plants, is rapidly disappearing due to over-exploitation. To manage this resource, mass propagation of crops using plant tissue culture strategies is necessary. The conservation and domestication of endangered and threatened species is a critical global issue due to habitat destruction, fragmentation, degradation, and human-wildlife conflict. This review provides an overview of the conservation and domestication status of these species, their successes and challenges, and future directions for conservation and domestication. The National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB) in New Delhi has been instrumental in conservation and cultivation of these species, addressing habitat loss, biotic and abiotic interference, and unsustainable harvesting. The NMPB has funded numerous projects for the conservation and cultivation of endangered and threatened medicinal plants. Future directions for conservation and domestication include technology, community engagement, and policy support.

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 Keywords

Over-exploitation, Plant Tissue Culture, Conservation, Domestication, Endangered Species, Threatened Species, Habitat Destruction, Fragmentation, Degradation, Human-Wildlife Conflict, Habitat Loss, Biotic Interference, Abiotic Interference, Unsustainable Harvesting, Technology, Community Engagement etc

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Artificial Intelligence refers to the capability of machines to perform tasks that typically need human intelligence such as learning, problem solving, and decision making. It incorporates a wide range of technologies and techniques that enable computers to mimic cognitive functions and exhibit human like capabilities. Attitude is a mental tendency that how someone thinks, feels, or behaves towards something's or someone in a positive or negative way. Attitudes towards AI are influenced by perceived usefulness, ease of use, and the risks associated with AI. These attitudes, in turn, influence an individual's intentions to use AI or not. Undergraduate students play a vital and growing role in the field of artificial intelligence contributing across academics, research, skill development and real world innovation. Therefore, their attitudes are very important in this perspective. The objective of this article is to examine college students' attitudes toward artificial intelligence. Stratified random sampling was used for selecting the sample comprising of 203 (Male=58 and female=145) undergraduate students from Serampore College, affiliated to University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India. Descriptive survey research design was used. The General Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Scale (GAAIS) was used to collect data. Data were analysed by using Mean, SD, t-test, ANOVA. The result indicated that undergraduate students display positive attitudes towards AI. The finding discovered that no significant difference in regard to attitudes towards artificial intelligence between male and female students. The result also displayed that there was a significant difference in regard to residence of student's attitudes towards artificial intelligence in positive subscale but no significant difference in regard to residence of student's attitudes in negative subscale.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, attitudes, undergraduate students, GAAIS.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

High-temperature superconductors (HTS) have emerged as pivotal materials in modern science and engineering due to their ability to conduct electricity without resistance at relatively higher temperatures compared to conventional superconductors. Since the discovery of cuprate superconductors in the late 1980s, materials such as YBa?Cu?O?-? (YBCO), BSCCO, and iron-based compounds have demonstrated critical temperatures well above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen, making them more viable for practical applications. This paper explores the theoretical foundations, material properties, and real-world uses of HTS, focusing on sectors such as energy transmission, magnetic levitation transport, medical imaging, and quantum computing. Through a detailed review of literature, analysis of technical data, and case studies, the research identifies both the transformative potential and the key challenges associated with HTS technologies. It highlights issues like material brittleness, fabrication complexity, and cryogenic cooling requirements, while also presenting current advancements in flux pinning, coated conductor technology, and scalable engineering solutions. The findings indicate that while widespread adoption remains constrained, on-going innovations are steadily bringing HTS systems closer to commercial viability, with profound implications for sustainable and high-performance technologies of the future.

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 Keywords

High-Temperature Superconductors; YBCO; BSCCO; Iron-Based Superconductors; Zero Resistance; Power Transmission; Maglev Trains; MRI; Quantum Computing; Materials Science; Cryogenic Technology

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Seed testing is crucial for modern agriculture, as it ensures the quality, purity, and viability of seeds before planting. By evaluating parameters like purity, germination potential, moisture content, and seed health, seed testing provides vital information for farmers and seed producers to make informed decisions about planting and crop performance. It also helps prevent the spread of diseases and pathogens, contributing to sustainable farming practices and increased productivity. Mainly there are two methods of seed testing, destructive testing and non-destructive testing. As it clear that sample is destroyed in destructive testing method and based on its result batch of that seeds quality estimated. In non-destructive testing method seed samples are tested using computer vision and electronics sensors. In this this paper various seed testing methods like computer vision, image processing, spectral analysis of non-destructive testing are explore with key benefit and their limitations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

NDT of seed, Image processing, Seed quality testing, Multispectral testing, Computer vision.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Ketotifen hydrazine, a tricyclic antihistamine, is a structurally distinct compound from ketotifen, possessing an additional diazene moiety. Although identified as an H?-antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer, its preparations remain pending formal approval from major regulatory agencies, including the FDA and EMA. Despite sharing a similar mechanism of action with ketotifen fumarate, ketotifen hydrazine has not been marketed as a standalone therapeutic agent globally. This hypothetical analysis aims to explore the pharmacological and therapeutic potential of ketotifen hydrazine, addressing the knowledge gaps in its development and potential applications. By examining its structural uniqueness and pharmacological profile, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of ketotifen hydrazine's possibilities, limitations, and future directions, ultimately informing regulatory decisions and guiding its potential entry into the global market.

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 Keywords

Ketotifen hydrazine, antihistamine, hypothetical.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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INTRODUCTION: Immunization is one the most cost-effective health services to prevent chroni illness that contribute to child mortality in the country, particular in environment where malnourished children, overcrowding, poverty and illiteracy reign childhood immunization has been an important part of maternal and child health services. Objective: To assess the knowledge level regarding revised Immunization among mother of under five children. Methods: The quantitative research approach and survey research design was used to collect the data. The total 60 samples was collected by purposive sampling technique. Demographic and structured questionnaires was used to collect the data. Result: The Result shows that Majority of the mothers were between 20-35 years of age, All are 100% (100) were female, 57% (23) were having secondary school certificate, Majority of 70% (28) under-five mothers were housewife, 80% (34) religion I Hindu, 82.5% (33) were married, 50% (20) were nuclear family,45% (18) under-five mothers having the information about immunization. The level of knowledge of mothers pretest was categorized in poor, good and average. The result shows that 50% mothers of under five children have good knowledge, 45%have average knowledge and 5% mothers f under five children have poor knowledge.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Knowledge, under five children mothers, revised immunization

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Financial success is important for companies looking to grow in the challenging marketing environment. To increase profitability and remain competitive in the marketplace, businesses must effectively adapt to changes in market conditions. The key operational decision that ultimately affects expectations for performance is to make the three key financial decisions regarding investment, financing, and dividends. This study investigates the link between capital structure and profitability in a sample of manufacturing enterprises, with a particular focus on financing decisions. Over a ten-year period from 2011 to 2020, it examined five industries that produce manufactured goods: iron and steel, metals, oil and gas, medicines, and electricity generation and distribution. Using the "CAPITALINE" database, the National Stock Exchange (NSE) provided the secondary data for this investigation, including sales turnover. The generalized method of moments (GMM) was used to analyze the data within the parameters of a dynamic panel regression model. For the sample of firms, the study's findings demonstrated a strong correlation between capital structure choices and manufacturing environment profitability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Capital Structure, GMM Method, Dynamic Panel Regression, National Stock Exchange (NSE)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This work analyzes the performance of a silicon photonic micro-ring resonator using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. Micro-ring resonators are critical components for implementing photonic computation and communication circuits in next-generation systems. Their resonance properties are fundamental to silicon photonic technology and require detailed study for effective circuit and system design. The analysis focuses on resonant characteristics for ring radii ranging from 2 ?m to 20 ?m, considering a waveguide group index of 3. Results demonstrate a significant dependence of device quality on ring size. A resonator with a 2 ?m radius exhibits a Q-factor of approximately 83.3, whereas a 20 ?m radius resonator achieves a Q-factor of 393.7 under the specified conditions.

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 Keywords

SiO2, Microring resonator, FDTD.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Banking fraud has become an increasingly sophisticated threat to India's financial ecosystem. Despite regulatory reforms, internal weaknesses persist, leading to major economic setbacks and erosion of public trust. This paper critically examines the internal mechanisms employed by Indian banks to combat fraud, assesses their legal framework, and evaluates the role of emerging technologies. By analyzing high-profile fraud cases, reviewing statutory provisions, and surveying literature on internal controls, the study proposes strategic improvements. A hybrid approach combining legal accountability, employee training, and real-time digital monitoring is advocated as key to minimizing fraud and reinforcing trust in the banking sector.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Banking fraud ,law, finance, Artificial Intelligence, Credit-related frauds opublic policy, Cyber frauds financial architecture,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The field of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) has experienced significant advancements aimed at overcoming limitations of conventional therapeutic approaches. This review comprehensively discusses the classification of NDDS based on delivery mechanisms, carrier types, and target specificity, encompassing controlled release systems, targeted delivery platforms, nanoparticle-based carriers, transdermal patches, inhalation devices, and stimuli-responsive systems. Recent technological innovations, such as biodegradable polymers, ligand-mediated targeting, microneedle arrays, and smart responsive nanoparticles, have enhanced drug bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy, and patient compliance. The review further explores the diverse clinical applications of NDDS across oncology, infectious diseases, chronic conditions, and gene therapy, highlighting their role in minimizing systemic toxicity and enabling precision medicine. Despite remarkable progress, challenges including manufacturing scalability, regulatory hurdles, and long-term safety remain. Future research directions emphasize interdisciplinary integration and personalized delivery strategies to fully realize NDDS's potential in transforming global healthcare.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Novel drug delivery systems, Targeted drug delivery

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition