Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

This paper analyses the labour force at M.I.D.C., Jalgaon, by comparing data from both employers and workers before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aims to determine the pandemic's effect on job security, wages, working conditions, and the overall economic well-being of the industrial sector's workforce. The pandemic heightened the bargaining power of a majority of workers while simultaneously creating a significant challenge for employers due to a notable decrease in worker availability. Employers felt their retention strategies were more effective and widely adopted work-life balance policies. Also, a significant majority considered government support during the pandemic to be insufficient. The study concludes with recommendations for skill development, improved job security, and enhanced government support and awareness for businesses.

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Keywords: Labour Force, COVID-19 Pandemic, Employers, Informal sector, MSME's, Government support, Technology adoption, Employment, Economic well-being.

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Pain is a widespread and often debilitating condition affecting over a billion individuals globally. Conventional pain management strategies, including NSAIDs and opioids, provide effective relief but come with significant drawbacks--such as gastrointestinal issues, hepatotoxicity, dependency risks, and inconsistent plasma drug levels. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) present a promising alternative by offering non-invasive, sustained, and targeted delivery of therapeutics through the skin, bypassing first-pass metabolism and improving patient compliance. This review explores the integration of herbal phytoconstituents--such as capsaicin, curcumin, menthol, gingerol, and boswellic acids--into TDDS platforms for enhanced pain relief. These botanicals, known for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, have been used traditionally in systems like Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine. The combination of these natural actives with modern delivery technologies allows for safer, more effective therapeutic options with fewer systemic side effects. We delve into key components of herbal transdermal patches, formulation techniques, permeation enhancers, evaluation parameters, and absorption mechanisms. In addition, the paper highlights cutting-edge innovations like QR code-enabled patches for app-based guidance, adherence monitoring, and personalized therapy. Challenges related to herbal variability, solubility, and regulatory classification are discussed alongside future directions in AI, nanotechnology, and eco-friendly design. Finally, we explore patent potential in the rapidly growing field of smart, herbal-based TDDS. This comprehensive review aims to inform researchers, formulators, and healthcare professionals about the current status and future prospects of herbal transdermal patches in pain management.

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Herbal transdermal patch, pain management, phytoconstituents, QR code technology, smart drug delivery, Transdermal Drug Delivery System.

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The Present study examine the portrayal of women image on realistic perspective in contemporary kannada cinema .Film has been a reflection of society at a given point of time. Cinema has mediums of reflection of society through characters mindset, thinking apprehensions or prejudices those applying on general public. This study based on Deconstruction theory, The Auteur theory and feminist film theory called "Male Gaze" coined by feminist film critic Laura Mulvey. This study following independent variables as Traditional, Modern, Progressive, Realistic so on, and image is dependent variable. This paper adopts Content analysis method and randomly selected present ten kannada cinema. A deconstructive viewing of films tries to expose realistic image of women in decent kannada cinema.

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Film, Images, Women, Realistic, Contemporary, Deconstruction

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Gyan Yog Swami Vivekanand

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Gyan Yog Swami Vivekanand

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Pre- Experimental study, effectiveness, planned teaching programme, air pollution

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Mutual fund is known as the best investment option among the investors and it recorded as a very fast-growing industry over that past two decades. To satisfy the various expectations of the women investors, it needs to evaluated and assessed efficiently on the basis of performance and the comparison should be made with other different funds. Mutual funds offer a platform to the rational investors for making participation in the capital market with the help of professional fund management system irrespective of the investment amount in the funds. Mutual fund is known as the integral part of the financial market which is earning the publicity among the women investors just because of its suitable policy and it offers many more opportunities to the investors to make investment in the diversified portfolio which are being managed professionally and efficiently with the help of normal operations and expected good amount of returns. Generally, women investors are known as more risk averse as compared to the men investors and they don't want to make investment in the share market directly and for which they are mostly giving preference to invest in the mutual fund as it is known as less risky investment instrument. On the other hand, mutual funds are not taken as the favorable investment option by other types investors as they are mostly depending on the stock market which is volatile by nature and the range of products to meet the expectations of the investors are not properly segregated. The overall operating performance of mutual funds turned into complexity while dealing with risk and return assessment. So, the study of mutual funds from various aspects has become more essential which is going to give importance on the level of awareness, expectations and perceptions of the women investors in market. The present paper has given more attention to study the different factors which are affecting the investment decision and perception of the women investors with response to the mutual fund investment.

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Women investors, Mutual fund investment, Investment perception, Investment attitude, Risk perception, Investment preferences

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ABSTRACT Activated carbon prepared from polyalthia longifolia seed by various chemical processes shows excellent improvement in the surface characteristics. Surface morphology also plays a significant role in the adsorption Properties along with surface functional groups. Activated carbon micropores, mesopores and macropores. The volume of these pones varies depending upon the activating agents used during various processes, used. The morphology of the resulting sample was studied by scanning electron microscopy and the surface functional group was investigated by infra red spectroscopy techniques, physico-chemical characteristics such as bulk density, moisture content, ash content, matter soluble in water, soluble in acid, PH iodine number, conductivity, porosity, yield percentage and surface area have been carried out to assess the suitability of the carbon as adsorbent, results of this investigation indicate that the activated carbon prepared using polyalthia longifolia by H2 So4 impregnation process followed by activation at 110oC and yield activated carbon with the highest surface area and more developed micro, meso, macro porosity. Keywords : Polyalthia longifolia, Activated carbon; carbonization, SEM, XRD,IR.

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Keywords : Polyalthia longifolia, Activated carbon; carbonization, SEM, XRD,IR.

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The oral pH plays a critical role in the development of dental caries. This review discusses the rationale for a novel, 100% natural, pH-sensitive herbal tooth gel that incorporates anthocyanin-rich plant extracts (e.g., a pigmented fruit source peel, a pigmented flower source) for foam color change in response to oral ph. Additionally, it explores the antibacterial potential of an herbal antimicrobial agent and a natural antimicrobial herb, which are known to exhibit enhanced activity in acidic conditions. While this paper reviews the scientific background and existing literature, the proposed formulation is yet to be experimentally developed. The formulation and evaluation will be carried out as part of our upcoming research work, aiming for a potentially patentable product in natural oral care.

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Acid-triggered therapy, Antibacterial activity, Anthocyanin sensors, Foam-based visualisation, Oral microbiome control, Smart oral care

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Gang rape is a heinous crime that has devastating consequences for the victim. It is especially heinous when the victim is a young girl. The Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section 376D(a) specifically deals with gang rape of women under the age of sixteen years. This section was introduced in 2013 as part of the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013.The punishment for gang rape under Section 376D(a) of the IPC in Tamil Nadu . The objective of the study is to find whether Pocso act is made for childrens who are under 18 years of age.The researcher used empirical method.The researcher has used a convenient sampling method The primary and secondary sources were collected through questionnaire , magazine, journal, books and articles. Understanding public opinion on this issue provides valuable insights into the societal perspectives on punishment, justice, and rehabilitation concerning these egregious crimes against minors.The paper finds that factors such as inadequate law enforcement, societal stigma, and delayed judicial processes continue to affect the implementation and perceived impact of such laws. By exploring these elements, this research seeks to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on improving legal and social frameworks for safeguarding women and children from heinous crimes.The paper suggests that, there are many challenges faced in prosecuting cases of gang rape, such as the lack of evidence, the reluctance of victims to come forward, and the stigma associated with rape.It is important to provide support to victims of gang rape, both physically and emotionally. This can include providing medical care, counselling, and legal assistance.

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Gang Rape, Victims, Laws, Girls, Children, India.

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Background Inflammation is a natural biological response to injury or infection, often characterized by redness, swelling, pain, and heat. While acute inflammation is a protective mechanism, chronic or unmanaged inflammation can lead to discomfort and various skin disorders. Conventional anti-inflammatory medications may produce side effects with long-term use, prompting increased interest in natural and plant-based alternatives. Herbal medicine has long been used in traditional systems for treating inflammatory conditions. Tridax procumbens, a medicinal herb commonly used in Ayurveda and folk medicine, is known for its anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and antimicrobial properties. Turmeric (Curcuma longa), rich in curcumin, is widely recognized for its powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Aloe Vera is a well-established natural skin soother and moisturizer. Essential oils such as eucalyptus oil and peppermint oil are used for their analgesic, cooling, and antimicrobial effects. Ethanol serves both as a solvent for plant extracts and a preservative, while glycerin helps to retain skin moisture and improve the feel of the product. Combining these natural components into a topical spray formulation provides a convenient, fast-absorbing, and non-greasy method for delivering anti-inflammatory and soothing effects directly to the affected area. This formulation is designed to offer a safe, effective, and natural solution for managing minor inflammation, skin irritation, and wounds. Method: The formulation of the anti-inflammatory spray begins with the preparation of the solvent phase. Approximately 60-65 mL of 70% ethanol is poured into a clean, dry beaker, followed by the addition of glycerin, which is mixed gently to ensure uniform blending. Next, the Tridax procumbens extract and turmeric extract are incorporated into the ethanol-glycerin mixture and stirred thoroughly until fully dissolved or uniformly dispersed. Eucalyptus oil and peppermint oil are then added dropwise while continuously stirring to achieve proper emulsification and dispersion. Subsequently, aloe Vera gel is slowly introduced into the mixture with gentle and continuous stirring to maintain a smooth and homogeneous consistency. The total volume is adjusted to 100 mL by adding more ethanol as required. The pH of the formulation is measured and adjusted to a skin-compatible range of 5.5 to 6.0 using either citric acid to lower the pH or sodium bicarbonate to raise it, added drop by drop under monitoring. Finally, the solution is filtered if necessary using muslin cloth or Whatman filter paper to remove any undissolved particles and then transferred into sterile, amber-colored spray bottles for storage and use. Results: The prepared formulation appeared to be green in color, exhibiting acceptable pH and we have also prepared formulation. The result of prepared formulation was compared with marketed Iodex rapid action spray formulation having similar activity. Conclusion: The evaluation test also indicated that the formulation had acceptable pH, evaporation time, spray pattern, spray angle, average weight per dose, and also the bottles passed the MWIT Turkewadi ABSTRACT leakage test. It was further inferred that it is possible to develop safer and equal effective anti-inflammatory spray from the extract of Tridax procumbens and turmeric.

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Tridax procumbens, turmeric, aloe Vera gel, ethanol, glycerin, peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil,

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