Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Herbal hair gels enriched with natural extracts present a promising approach to scalp health and nourishment. This study explores a unique formulation incorporating guava, amla, and aloe vera, which has demonstrated effectiveness against fungal infections such as candidiasis while enhancing hair strength and shine. Guava leaves possess antifungal properties that may inhibit the candida growth, a common contributor to dandruff, while their rich vitamin C and A content supports hair vitality. Amla, known for its exceptionally high vitamin C levels, aids in preventing premature greying and strengthens hair follicles. Aloe vera gently cleanses and conditions the scalp, reducing hair breakage and improving moisture retention. The formulation utilizes Carbopol 934 and triethanolamine to ensure a stable polyhedral gel structure, effectively nourishing the hair while combating fungal infections. Although guava-based hair gels are not widely commercialized, their potential benefits highlight a compelling natural solution for holistic scalp and hair care.

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Herbal hair gel, Natural antifungal remedy, Guava leaf benefits, Amla for hair health, Aloe vera scalp care, Polyherbal formulation, Dandruff treatment, Eco-friendly hair products.

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Cultural Entrepreneurship and Branding: Exploring Business Potential of Symbolic Motif in Angami Woodcarving Abstract This study aims to record the symbolic meaning of the traditional artistic works carved in Angami Kharu. Rooted in the rich cultural heritage of the Angami Naga community, the motifs carved in the Angami Kharu carry deep symbolic meanings which has been passed down across generations. In the study, the cultural and symbolic meaning of these motifs and their applicability in the branding of cultural products is highlighted. By studying how the motifs express identity, authenticity, and heritage, the paper shows how these traditional designs can help create strong brands in cultural tourism. Through qualitative methods and cultural analysis, this study adds to the knowledge about using heritage in business and shows how indigenous art can create value in today's markets. The findings highlight the need to record cultural identity while encouraging innovative, locally grounded entrepreneurial ventures.

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Cultural Entrepreneurship, Branding, Symbolic Motifs, Angami Woodcarving, Cultural Tourism

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 Abstract

भारत का शिक्षा क्षेत्र हाल के वर्षों में एक महत्वपूर्ण बदलाव के दौर से गुजरा है, जो मुख्य रूप से तकनीकी प्रगति और उद्यमशील पहलों द्वारा संचालित हुआ है। शिक्षा व्यवसाय में नवाचारी प्रथाओं ने न केवल शिक्षा की पहुँच और गुणवत्ता में सुधार किया है, बल्कि छात्रों के कौशल विकास में भी अहम भूमिका निभाई है। यह शोधपत्र भारत में शिक्षा में नवाचारों के परिदृश्य की पड़ताल करता है, प्रमुख प्रथाओं का विश्लेषण करता है, चुनौतियों की पहचान करता है और छात्रों के कौशल विकास पर उनके प्रभावों का परीक्षण करता है।

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This paper examines the administrative contributions and reformist leadership of prominent women rulers in Indian history, highlighting their governance strategies, socio-political reforms, and resilience against patriarchal resistance. Through detailed case studies of Razia Sultana, Jijabai, Ahilyabai Holkar, Rani Durgavati, and Rani Chennamma, the research underscores their roles in statecraft, justice, military organization, infrastructure development, agrarian reforms, and cultural revival. These leaders not only defied gender norms but also redefined governance by prioritizing public welfare, merit-based appointments, and inclusive policies. Despite operating in male-dominated political environments, their reigns reflected a blend of strategic vision, ethical leadership, and grassroots engagement. The paper situates their contributions within broader themes of resistance, decentralization, and community empowerment, offering a gendered yet equitable lens to reinterpret Indian political history. Their legacies provide enduring models for contemporary governance, emphasizing that effective leadership is shaped by competence, compassion, and integrity rather than gender

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Women rulers India Female leaders India history Women in Indian politics Famous queens of India Women in administration India Indian history women leaders Female warriors India Women empowerment history

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This study investigates the effectiveness of collaborative learning on social competence and academic achievement in science among secondary school students in Gujarat. The research was conducted using a quasi-experimental design involving control and experimental groups. Data were collected through validated instruments measuring academic achievement and social competence, administered in pre-test and post-test phases. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and t-tests, were applied to assess differences across groups, gender, and locale. The results revealed significant improvements in both academic achievement and social competence for students exposed to collaborative learning, with positive effects observed across gender and locale subgroups. The findings support the integration of collaborative learning strategies in science education to enhance students' academic and socio-emotional outcomes. Educational implications and recommendations for further research are discussed.

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Collaborative Learning, Social Competence, Academic Achievement, Science Education, Secondary School Students, Gujarat

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Abstract Introduction: Amavata, a debilitating disease described in Ayurveda, can be correlated clinically with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in modern medicine. It arises from the pathological combination of Ama and Vata dosha, leading to painful inflammation of joints. Though the concept of Sama (presence of Ama) and Nirama (absence of Ama) avastha is central to treatment, its practical clinical identification remains under-researched. Materials and Methods: This observational clinical study was conducted on 45 patients diagnosed with Amavata, registered under CTRI. Patients were evaluated for specific Sama and Nirama lakshanas (clinical signs and symptoms), both subjectively and with the aid of laboratory diagnostics. The study was conducted at Seth Tarachand Ramnath Charitable Hospital, Pune over a defined period. Patients already diagnosed with Amvata were analysed and sama and Nirama avasta was accessed on basis on specially designed case record format. Inclusion and exclusion criteria ensured homogeneity. Results: Out of the 45 patients, 32 were identified in Sama Avastha, while 13 presented in Nirama Avastha. Key symptoms like Angamarda, Gaurava, Aruchi, Agnimandya, and Jwara were predominantly observed in Sama Avastha. Nirama avastha showed symptoms such as Sandhishula without systemic features. Laboratory data supported elevated ESR and CRP during Sama phase, correlating with inflammatory activity. Most common predisposing factors included improper dietary habits (Viruddhahara, Ajirna) and sedentary lifestyle. Discussion: The findings emphasize the diagnostic clarity provided by systematically assessing Sama and Nirama Avastha in Amavata patients. The study focused on identifying avastha-specific lakshanas as defined in Ayurvedic texts and validated their presence through clinical patterns and modern inflammatory markers (e.g., ESR, CRP). The research reveals a consistent clinical correlation: systemic symptoms like Gaurava, Angamarda, Jwaraa, and Agnimandya were significantly associated with the Sama Avastha, while localized joint symptoms without systemic involvement indicated the Nirama Avastha. This stage-wise identification provides a practical diagnostic framework that can be used to precisely categorize patients, aiding in case documentation, prognosis, cross-disciplinary communication and precise treatment. Conclusion: This study validates the clinical differentiation between Sama and Nirama Avastha in Amavata and underscores its importance in personalized Ayurvedic treatment. Integrating classical diagnostics with modern markers offers a comprehensive model for disease staging and management. Further multicentric studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.

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Amavata, Sama Avastha, Nirama, Amavata, Sama Avastha, Nirama Avastha, Ama, Vata, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ayurveda, Dosha, Integrative Medicine, Mandagni

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This study investigates the correlation between mathematical aptitude and process skills among pre-university learners. Mathematical aptitude, encompassing logical reasoning and numerical ability, is critical for mastering mathematics, while process skills--such as analysis, evaluation, and inference--facilitate effective problem-solving. A quantitative correlational research design was employed, with a sample of 30 pre-university students assessed through standardized mathematical aptitude tests and process skills questionnaires. Data analysis using Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.85, p < 0.001) between mathematical aptitude and process skills. These findings suggest that enhancing process skills could significantly improve mathematical performance. The study highlights the importance of integrated instructional strategies that develop both cognitive abilities to foster academic success in mathematics at the pre-university level. Limitations include sample size and potential test anxiety effects, with recommendations for broader studies to validate findings.

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1.A quantitative correlational research design ,2strong positive correlation (r = 0.85, p < 0.001) between mathematical aptitude and process skills

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Charlotte Bronte's renowned novel, Jane Eyre deals with the social inequities common in the 19th Victorian England, particularly regarding gender, class, and morality. The depiction of the character Jane Eyre from the Victorian period starkly contrasts with the male-dominated culture and moral hypocrisy of the time. Jane Eyre, the protagonist, is an ardently independent woman who confronts the inflexible class structure in her quest for genuine love, self-development, and equality. Due to her status as an orphan, lacking both family and social standing, Jane is regarded with disdain by those around her. As a courageous lady, she advocates for her convictions and is not afraid to distinguish herself for her passion. So, the novel Jane Eyre explores feminist themes and offers a genuine critique of the societal inequities in 19th century England. This paper examines Jane's feminist development in the context of her persistent struggle for identity, independence, equality, and self-respect.

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Feminism, Patriarchy, Victorian Morality, Gender Inequality, Class, 'Angel in the House'

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Alternaria is represented by about 50 species. Several forms of species are found as saprobes on dead & decaying plant part and in soil, while some forms of species are facultative parasite infecting a large number of higher plants. The fungus was grown as a pure culture in the Culture Room. The experiment was done to determine the efficiency of anti-fungal activity of Leaf extract of selected medicinal plants. Ricinus communis, Allium sativum, Azadiracta indica, Rauwolfia serpentina, Oscimum sanctum, and Withania somnifera were used for the extraction from leaf and cloves. In present investigation different concentration5, 10 and 15% were used in the culture. In the present study, it was observed that extract of Azadiracta indica at its all the three concentrations viz., 5,10 and 15% could inhibit the radial growth of the fungus which was 78.2, 85.4 and 88% respectively. It was further observed that leaf extract of Ricinus had the minimum inhibitory activity at all the concentrations used, that was 65.2, 70 and 76% only. It was observed that leaf extract of Allium sativum inhibited the radial growth at all its three concentrations which was next to Azadiracta leaf extract that was 74.32, 82 and 88% respectively. This was followed by leaf extract of Oscimum sanctum that was 72.67, 81 and 87 respectively. As a result, extracts from the leaves and cloves of many medicinal plants demonstrated antifungal efficacy at varying quantities and levels of action.

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Alternaria solani, antifungal activity, leaf extract, culture, efficiency.

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The "Made-in-India" campaign, most notably exemplified by the Government of India's "Make in India" initiative launched in 2014, aims to transform India into a global manufacturing hub. This campaign has not only targeted domestic and foreign investors but also played a pivotal role in shaping consumer behaviour. This study explores the perception of Indian consumers towards the Made-in-India label, including factors influencing their purchase decisions, levels of awareness, trust in Indian brands, and patriotic sentiments associated with indigenous products. A structured questionnaire was administered among 300 respondents from various demographic backgrounds across India. The findings indicate that while a significant proportion of consumers display a positive inclination towards Indian-made products, factors like quality, price competitiveness, and brand recognition continue to play crucial roles. This paper contributes to the understanding of domestic branding strategies and offers insights for policymakers and marketers on enhancing the effectiveness of the Made-in-India campaigns.

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Made-in-India, Consumer Perception, Make in India, Brand Patriotism, Indian Manufacturing, Indigenous Products

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