Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Gastrointestinal disorders impose a substantial global health burden, characterized by disruptions in gut function and imbalances in the gut microbiome. Probiotics have emerged as promising bioagents for managing these disorders through modulating the gut microbiota. This comprehensive review thoroughly explores the role of probiotics in mitigating gastrointestinal disorders, emphasizing efficacy, safety, and future potentials. Amidst treatment challenges posed by chronic inflammatory conditions like ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, probiotics offer prospective solutions by influencing immune responses, preserving intestinal barrier integrity, and impeding tumor development. Clinical investigations validate probiotics' effectiveness in treating infectious and antibiotic-associated diarrhea in adults, alongside allergic disorders in children. Furthermore, bacteriocins derived from probiotics showcase efficacy in gastrointestinal ailment management. Nevertheless, uncertainties linger in probiotics' application for managing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), attributed to incongruous outcomes in experimental and clinical realms. This review critically assesses the current probiotics landscape, underscoring safety considerations and advocating for optimized formulations for enhanced outcomes. A profound comprehension of probiotic mechanisms stands pivotal for steering future research and therapeutic breakthroughs. Despite challenges, probiotics hold promise in alleviating the global burden of gastrointestinal maladies, necessitating persistent research to surmount obstacles and ensure their judicious, secure, and efficacious application.

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 Keywords

Gastrointestinal disorders, gut function, chronic inflammatory conditions, probiotics, safety considerations, optimized formulations, therapeutic breakthroughs, global burden, persistent research, application.

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Abstract The research evaluates how disinvestment affects workplace conditions in selected Indian Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) through employee feedback and group dynamics analysis. A questionnaire consisting of 10 closed-ended questions was used to collect data from 96 employees of four important PSUs BHEL NTPC IOCL and Coal India Limited through quantitative research. The data collection process included both offline and online methods to increase participation from respondents. The research aims to explore both the connection between work environment health and employee teamwork and the effects of disinvestment on employee workplace perception in Indian public sector organizations. The data analysis utilized the independent t test method. The study shows that disinvestment creates noticeable effects on the way employees see their work environment which affects teamwork and organizational culture. The research shows that organizations must implement proactive HRM strategies to protect staff morale while building teamwork during economic reform disinvestment processes.

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Disinvestment, Working Environment, Indian PSUs,

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Chemistry very much contributed in the field of agriculture, medicines, industrial technologies, health sectors, pharmaceutical industries etc. Recently inorganic chemistry has gathered an enormous interest from the researchers worldwide. In recent years nitrogen containing five membered heterocyclic compounds are gained much more attention in the field of chemistry because efficiency in the catalytic activities, biological activities anti-microbial activities, anti-inflammatory activities, anti-viral activities, anti-cancer activities, anti-fungal activities, pyrazole, pyrazolones and pyrazolones derivatives are five membered heterocyclic compounds have attracted the attention of researchers due to their potent biological activities synthesis of various compounds based on the pyrazole and pyrazolone rings. Synthesized compounds were characterized using, FTIR, 'H-NHR, 13C-NMR, chemical analysis and mass spectra. These compounds shows activity against bacteria, fungi, virus etc. The anti-microbial activity of pyrazolone and pyrazolones derivatives shows much more attention of researchers in recent years for the welfare of human being.

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Pyrazolone, Pyrazolone derivatives, anti-microbial activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-virus, anti-cancer bidentate ligand, complex compounds etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research brief is an updated review of India Smart Cities Mission as of 2025 and involves equity build-up on the work of Ms Priyanka Gupta & Dr Rajan Gupta (2018). It re-views the Mission framework, monitors its progress and assess the progress within key metrics and evaluates existing and new challenges, including financial sustainability, institutional governance, cybersecurity risks, and climate resilience. With newer statistics provided by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), World Bank reports and independent research, this paper gives a brief of why India requires a citizen-centered, climate-friendly, and cost-effective model of smart cities construction.

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Smart Cities Mission, Urbanization, Governance, Cybersecurity, Climate Resilience, Public-Private Partnerships.

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Abstract Andhra Pragathi Grameena Bank (APGB), a Regional Rural Bank (RRB) operating in Andhra Pradesh, has demonstrated a significant commitment to advancing financial inclusion and fostering community development in its predominantly rural and drought-prone operational areas over the past decade (2015-2025). This report provides a comprehensive analysis of APGB's strategic initiatives, performance metrics, and overall impact on financial inclusion and community development.

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Key words: Regional Rural Banks, APGB, Financial inclusion, Community development, Social security schmes, SHG's , CSR , Key Performance Indicators, Growth rate, Rural Economy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Re examining Panchachar: A Comprehensive Study of the Fivefold Jain Code of Conduct

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Re examining Panchachar: A Comprehensive Study of the Fivefold Jain Code of Conduct

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This study examines the implementation and impact of the Reformed Teacher Observation Protocol (RTOP) at Shantiniketan School's primary section (grades 1-5) over two years (2023-2024). The research tracks the transformation of teaching practices from traditional methodologies toward more facilitative approaches using Understanding by Design (UbD) frameworks. Quantitative analysis of RTOP scores across 31 teachers reveals a significant overall improvement (mean score increase from 61.0 to 70.3), with the greatest gains in Classroom Culture domains. Despite progress, challenges persist in Procedural Knowledge and student-directed learning. The study identifies exemplary practitioners, teachers requiring intervention, and domain-specific trends. These findings contribute to the understanding of teacher development in constructivist educational settings and offer insights into effective professional development strategies for primary education transformation. The paper concludes with recommendations for sustaining and accelerating progress in pedagogical transformation.

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Reformed Teacher Observation Protocol (RTOP), teacher development, constructivist teaching, primary education, Understanding by Design, classroom observation

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies permit to build up products with high level of geometrical complex shape and personalized as unique product by implying low cost and quick time production compared with other manufacturing processes. There is an increasing need for custom-made products in the medical sector. 3D printing plays a crucial role in personalization of medical products, evolving from "mass production" to "mass individualization". Additive manufacturing has a wide range of medical applications, and is extremely important to reconstructive surgery. 3D printing is widely used for the development of products ranging from dental implants to heart valves and joint replacements. AM creates accurate three dimensional models, which will help the surgeons for understanding the anatomy of individual patients. It also help for training purpose for the medical institutions, cardio training. The role of 4D printing is also emerging for precisely manufacturing the heart model. 4D printing technology has the potential to manufacture a specific part or customized model of artificial hearts. This innovation can solve this long term problem and opens a new path for heart patients. Heart model printed by 4D technology can also grow with the passage of time and change of temperature.in future 4D printing technology will be also used in printing livers, kidney by using smart materials with perfect fitting and genetically matching.

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Additive Manufacturing, 3DP, 4DP, Customization, Cardiology, Smart Materials

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The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) was launched by Government of India to provide collateral free credit to micro and Small enterprises, with a special focus on promoting entrepreneueship among women. Despite these objectives, many women entrepreneurs face barriers in availing and effectively utilizing Mudra loans. This study explores these constraints through primary data collected from 200 women entrepreneurs across Karnataka who have applied for or availed Mudra loans. Data were gathered using structural questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic assessment. The findings indicate that major challenges include limited awareness about loan provisions, procedural complexities in documentation, delays in loan approval and disbursement, and inadequate guidance during the application process. Additionally, socio-cultural factors such as gender bias, restricted mobility and lack of strong business networks hinder optimal utilization of loan funds. The study highlights the need for targeted financial literacy programs, streamlined procedures, enhanced institutional support, and post loan mentoring to ensure Mudra loans translate into sustainable entrepreneurial growth. The results provide actionable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and development agencies aiming to strengthen women's participation in the entrepreneurial ecosystem through inclusive finance.

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Women Entrepreneurs, Mudra loans, Challenges, Financial inclusion, Loan utilization.

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This study examines the social welfare development of tribal communities in Coimbatore District, focusing specifically on the Irulas tribe. Despite their rich cultural heritage, the Irulas face numerous socio-economic challenges, including high poverty rates, limited access to education, and inadequate healthcare services. This research utilizes a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to evaluate the effectiveness of existing welfare programs. The findings reveal that while government initiatives aimed at improving the welfare of tribal populations are in place, significant barriers to implementation remain. These include bureaucratic inefficiencies, a lack of community awareness, and cultural obstacles that hinder participation. Moreover, the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is highlighted as crucial in facilitating access to resources and empowering the Irulas community. Key findings indicate that although various government schemes exist to promote tribal welfare--such as employment generation, educational scholarships, and healthcare services--implementation often falls short due to bureaucratic inefficiencies, lack of awareness among the community, and cultural barriers that inhibit participation. Many Irulas remain unaware of the available resources, leading to underutilization of welfare programs. The study concludes with several recommendations aimed at enhancing the social welfare of the Irulas. These include: 1.Community Engagement: Actively involve the Irulas community in the planning and execution of welfare programs to ensure their needs are met. 2.Awareness Campaigns: Implement targeted awareness initiatives to educate the community about available services and benefits. 3.Collaborative Efforts: Foster partnerships between government agencies and NGOs to create a more cohesive approach to tribal welfare The study emphasizes the need for customized interventions that align with the socio-cultural dynamics of the Irulas. Recommendations include enhancing community engagement in the planning and execution of welfare programs, increasing awareness of available services, and fostering collaboration between government bodies and NGOs. Ultimately, this research aims to inform policymakers and contribute to the sustainable development of the Irulas tribe in Coimbatore District.

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 Keywords

Social Welfare Administration Irula Tribe

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition