Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Peroxidases, a versatile class of heme-containing enzymes, play critical roles in oxidative catalysis, plant defense mechanisms, and diverse industrial applications. Their isolation and purification have evolved significantly, integrating both classical and modern biochemical approaches. This review synthesizes the detailed methodologies discussed in Peter Goddard's work, highlighting the transition from conventional precipitation and dialysis techniques to advanced chromatographic and affinity-based strategies. Emphasis is placed on the choice of purification workflow, which is largely dictated by the physicochemical properties of the source material and the intended downstream application. Beyond the technical protocols, the review explores the challenges of maintaining enzyme activity during purification, scaling up for industrial use, and ensuring reproducibility across.

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Peroxidase, enzyme purification, isolation techniques, ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, chromatography, Temperature, enzyme activity

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Abstract This paper examines Mahasweta Devi's Rudali and Anita Desai's Clear Light of Day through the intersecting lenses of Feminist, Marxist, and Postcolonial criticism. The analysis explores how gendered labour--whether commodified in rural caste-based economies or rendered invisible in urban middle-class households--serves as the nexus where patriarchy, capitalism, and colonial legacy converge. While Rudali depicts the commodification of grief as a survival strategy within feudal-capitalist rural Bengal, Clear Light of Day portrays unpaid domestic caregiving in a Partition-scarred Delhi household. By reading these texts comparatively, the study reveals the persistent entanglement of gendered oppression with class structures and historical legacies of colonialism, challenging linear narratives of liberation in postcolonial India.

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Key Words: Feminist, Postcolonial, Marxist, capitalism

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Rajayoga Meditation, Tobacco Addiction, Digital Addiction, Students, Mount Abu, Brahma Kumaris, Behavioral Intervention

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Global health has been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which was brought on by the new corona virus SARS-CoV-2. The virus's impact on the heart is one area of worry, particularly for those who already have cardiac conditions. According to studies, COVID-19 people who have cardiac issues are more likely to become really unwell, require intensive care unit treatment, and die. In December 2019, the first reports of COVID-19 were made in Wuhan, China. It most likely transferred from bats to people via an unidentified animal host. The virus spreads mainly through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or even talking. The time between exposure and showing symptoms (called the incubation period) ranges from 2 to 14days. Common symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, fatigue, and difficulty breathing. Most people experience mild symptoms or may not show any symptoms at all. However, elderly individuals or those with underlying conditions may develop serious complications such as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or even organ failure. The death rate from COVID-19 is predictable to be between 2-3%, which is lower than previous corona virus outbreaks like SARS or MERS. However, COVID-19 spreads more quickly, making it harder to control. Diagnosis is mainly done using a test called RT-PCR, which detects the virus's genetic material from nasal or throat swabs. This test is considered the standard method but can sometimes give incorrect results if sample is taken too early, too late, or if it is not collected properly.

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SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, RT-PCR, Pneumonia, serologic test, antigen test.

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The dairy sector serves as a vital driver of rural economic development in India, offering livelihood security, nutritional support, and employment opportunities to millions of households. Rajasthan, traditionally characterised by arid and semi-arid conditions, has emerged as one of the leading milk-producing states, largely due to structured policy interventions. Among these, the National Dairy Plan (NDP), implemented in two phases since 2012, has played a transformative role in enhancing milk productivity, expanding cooperative networks, and improving market access for small and marginal farmers. This study evaluates the impact of NDP on milk production and cooperative growth in Rajasthan, using a descriptive-cum-analytical design based entirely on secondary data sourced from NDDB reports, Economic Surveys of Rajasthan, Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics, and relevant literature. Phase-wise analysis reveals three distinct growth patterns: the pre-NDP period (2001-2011) marked by steady but moderate growth (CAGR 5.71%), NDP Phase I (2012-2019) witnessing accelerated expansion (CAGR 9.05%) driven by genetic improvement, fodder development, and cooperative strengthening, and NDP Phase II (2020-2024) reflecting sectoral consolidation with slower growth (CAGR 4.17%) and a shift towards value addition. The findings underscore the pivotal role of cooperative procurement networks in sustaining production gains and facilitating farmer participation in organised markets. The study concludes that the NDP has significantly reshaped Rajasthan's dairy sector, transitioning it from quantity-driven expansion to a more mature, quality-oriented growth model. Policy recommendations emphasise value addition, climate-resilient practices, cooperative strengthening, and technological integration to ensure sustainable dairy sector development in the post-NDP era.

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National Dairy Plan, Milk Production, Dairy Cooperatives, Rajasthan, Rural Livelihoood

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This paper compared the Agile and Waterfall approaches to project management in healthcare. The study responds to the need to meet stringent regulatory compliance while being flexible in light of swift digital transformations in the sector. On the basis of actual hospital and medical technology case studies, the paper concluded that Waterfall works best for highly regulated, stable projects, whereas Agile is suitable for fast-evolving, innovative projects. The paper also put forward a new hybrid model, the Adaptive Compliance Agile Waterfall (ACAW) model, that incorporates the best of both. The approach enables healthcare organisations to maintain compliance and react swiftly to emerging problems, facilitating safer and more successful project outcomes.

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Agile, Waterfall, healthcare management, hybrid project management, ACAW framework

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The Mumbai Dabbawala system exemplifies the best global practices in the project as well as operations management within a city environment who delivers 2,00,000 of home cooked lunch boxes with the accuracy of the Six Sigma concept. The Dabbawala network begins in the late 19th century and is an entity that survives with minimal technology based on a flat cooperative-style (organizational structure), operational intensity of color-coded logistics and culture of disciplined and community. The Dabbawala system will be critically approached in this paper in relation to the project management stages, initialization, planning, execution and monitoring, evidencing the fact that the system is beyond comparison in terms of supply chain coordination, lean channels and sustainability. The analysis lays its focus on organizational culture, inclusiveness, environmental and economic sustainability of the system and manages operational risks of the system within the framework of changing urban and technology settings. The information above demonstrates a harmonious fusion between conservative attitudes and the new management theory, which makes the Mumbai Dabbawala a timeless model of service quality and empathy in the face of adversity.

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Mumbai Dabbawala, Project Management, Supply Chain Management, Logistics , Efficiency, Resource Optimization, Process Standardization, Teamwork, Lean Operations, Last-Mile Delivery, Operational Excellence

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This study presents the design and evaluation of Bacteria Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (BICP) for self-healing concrete in high-rise buildings. Cracks in concrete compromise structural durability, safety, and increase maintenance costs, especially in inaccessible high-rise structures. BICP utilizes Bacillus subtilis bacteria capable of precipitating calcium carbonate (CaCO?) within cracks, restoring mechanical integrity and reducing permeability. Optimal bacterial concentrations were determined by varying cell counts (100 to 10? cells/ml) across M20, M25, and M30 concrete grades. Concrete mixes containing 10? cells/ml demonstrated significant improvements in compressive strength (25% for M20, 21% for M25, and 22% for M30), split tensile strength, flexural strength (up to 27.07%), ultrasonic pulse velocity, and reduced Cantabro loss by 15-25%. XRF analysis confirmed the formation of CaCO? precipitates within healed cracks, validating the self-healing mechanism. BICP offers a sustainable, long-term crack repair strategy, enhancing durability and reducing environmental impact in modern construction.

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BICP, CaCO3, Concrete, High-rise buildings

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This paper will provide an integrative analysis of the role of the shortcomings in scope management in causing failure in Indian startup projects. The research is based on the large body of prior empirical, case-based, and theoretical research both on software project management and startup pivots and synthesizes that prior research and supplements it with a focused empirical research into the modern practice of startups in India. The study is a combination of systematic review of the literature on the topic and primary qualitative data collected on the basis of practitioners to create a contextualised model of scope-related failure modes. Primary results demonstrate that there are common faults in scope definition, stakeholder alignment, change control, and validation systems, and show ecosystem-specific stressors, such as resource constraints and investor pressures, that increase the impact of bad scope management. This paper ends by providing practical recommendations to founders, project managers, and investors, as well as defining the areas where it is still necessary to conduct more research.

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E Commerce, Management, StartUps, Project Management, Failures, Scope Management

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 Abstract

சித்த மருத்துவம் தமிழரின் பழம்பெரும் அறிவியல் மரபின் இன்றியமையாத அங்கமாகும். இது உடல் நலனுக்கான சிகிச்சை முறைகளை மட்டுமே குறிக்காது; ஆன்மிகத் தத்துவம், யோகம் மற்றும் பிராணாயாமம், வாழ்க்கை விதிகள் (வாதம், பித்தம், கபம்), மனிதனுக்கும் இயற்கைக்குமிடையேயான நெருங்கிய ஒற்றுமை போன்ற பல்வேறு அடுக்குகளை உள்ளடக்கிய ஒரு முழுமையான வாழ்வியல் முறையாகும் (Holistic System). இந்த உயரிய அமைப்பின் மூலக்கருத்து, "உடம்பே உயிர் வாழ்க்கைக்கு உறைவிடம்" (உடம்பை வளர்த்தே உயிர் வளர்த்திடல்) எனும் திருமூலர் வாக்கின்படி, உடல், மனம், ஆன்மா ஆகிய மூன்றின் சீரான இணக்கமே உண்மையான ஆரோக்கியத்தின் அடித்தளம் என்பதாகும். சித்தர்கள் இந்த அறிவியலை ஆசீர்வாதம் போன்று அருளியும், நேரடியாகப் பல இடங்களில் கற்பித்தும் பரப்பினர். இதன் விரிவான கோட்பாடுகள், நோய்களுக்கான எண்ணாயிரக்கணக்கான மருத்துவ முறைகள், மூலிகைகள், உலோகங்கள், கனிமங்களைக் கொண்டு வேதனை (பக்குவப்படுத்தல்) முறைகள் மூலம் பல்வேறு வடிவங்களில் (கட்டி, கர்ப்பம், சூரணம், செந்தூரம், பேரெண்ணெய் முதலியன) மருந்துகள் தயாரிக்கும் விரிவான செயல்முறைகள், மற்றும் நோயறிதல் முறைகள் (நாடி, நா, நிறம், சிறுநீர்) ஆகிய அனைத்தும் பரந்தளவில் தமிழ் இலக்கியங்களில் பதிவு செய்யப்பட்டுள்ளன.

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 Keywords

சித்த மருத்துவம், தமிழ் இலக்கியங்கள், மூலிகை மருந்துகள், நாடி பரிசோதனை, தடுப்பு மருத்துவம், Holistic Approach, Siddha Medicine, Tamil Literature, Preventive Medicine, Personalized Treatment.

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