Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Economics of Education is the interdisciplinary field which tries to apply the economic principles, concepts, laws to the process of education. Economics of education deals with all the issues related to education such as Demand, Investment, Finance and provision and allocation of resources. Investment in education is vital not only from the individual point of view but also from the community and nation as a whole. But it is necessary to deal with commercialization of education with tight policies without affecting the poor and deserving sections of the society. Public funding of education largely characterise it as a public good.The notion of education as a public good underlines the primary responsibility of the State in ensuring the right to education for all, social cohesion and equity. It is important that the State provide the quality education for all and at the same time assures the principles of equity, equality of opportunities, social justice that inspire all education policies. The role of education is very crucial for the development of nation and the values and ethics in education policies is necessary to promote sustainability

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 Keywords

Economics of Education, Public Good, Demand, Investment, Finance, Social Justice.

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This article seeks to determine the extent to which yoga instruction with Pranayama increases breath holding capacity in residential school boys. A total of 40 participants from residential school in Bengaluru rural district were randomly divided into 2 (two) groups: Experiment. Group X (YTCP, 20 residential students) underwent yoga training mixed with Pranayama, whereas Group Y (CG, 20 residential students) served as the control group. The pre-test scores were obtained for equal groups using the breath holding time (in seconds) to manually analyze the participants' breath holding procedures. Group-X participated in yoga instruction with Pranayama and particular skill exercises for six times per week continued for eight weeks, while the control group maintained their regular schedule. Following the training session, post-test scores for breath holding capacity were obtained. A paired dependent 't' test and an independent sample 't' test were used to determine the significance of the criterion variable scores at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels of confidence. The data, which were analyzed using SPSS along with MS Excel, demonstrated a substantial variation in breath holding capacity among residential school boys who received yoga asanas with Pranayama. The study reveals that a continuous yoga programme integrating Surya Namaskar, asanas and pranayama exercises improves the breath-holding ability of school children, particularly residential school boys.

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 Keywords

Yoga Training, Pranayama, Breath Holding Capacity, Residential school boys.

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The growing complexity of clinical trials has necessitated widespread reliance on Contract Research Organizations (CROs) and Functional Service Providers (FSPs) for clinical data management. As trials expand across geographies and technologies, effective sponsor-vendor coordination has become pivotal to ensuring data quality, regulatory compliance, and operational efficiency. An in-depth synthesis of peer-reviewed studies, pilot program data, industry surveys, and benchmarking reports was conducted. The IOPF model was introduced and evaluated through empirical data from real-world trials. Efficient data management in clinical trials requires not just outsourcing, but a strategic transformation in how sponsors and CROs/FSPs interact. The IOPF framework offers a scalable and human-centric approach for future-ready clinical research partnerships

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 Keywords

Clinical Data Management, CRO Collaboration, Regulatory Compliance, Decentralized Trials, Sponsor-Vendor Coordination

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Caring of the aged is one of the most challenging social issues in today's world. The population of elderly in India is shown significant growth from 24.7 million in 1961 to 149 million in 2022. Old age is last stage of human growth and development cycle. After the Globalization and Westernization was adopted in the country the living styles of the people changed a lot. The social institutions like families are broken into nuclear; the traditional values of the families are being neglected, with this the kins of the family members are not showing concern on their elders. With this the elderly people are facing multiple psycho-social challenges. It is estimated that by 2031 the elderly population will reached to 193.4 million and 347 million by 2050. Economical backwardness of the families is one of the most challenging factors in elderly care. With the backwardness the families are need to migrate frequently to other cities, states and even other countries. Leaving the elderly parents at the home causes for mental illness. In other hand with the heavy burden in works the love and affection is missing during the elderly services. This paper focused on what are the challenges faced by the elderly people during the receiving services and what are the difficulties are being faced by the family members in provision of services are being studied.

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Elderly, Care, Aged, population, services, challenges, family etc

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The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of SAQ training combined with asana practice on selected physical fitness variables of basketball players. To achieve the purpose of the present study, forty-five basketball players from PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India were selected as subjects at random and their ages ranged from 18 to 25 years. The subjects were divided into three equal groups of fifteen subjects each. Group I acted as Experimental Group I (SAQ training), Group II acted as Experimental Group II (SAQ training combined with asana practice) and Group III acted as Control Group. The requirement of the experiment procedures, testing as well as exercise schedule was explained to the subjects so as to get full co-operation of the effort required on their part and prior to the administration of the study. It was observed that the twelve weeks of SAQ training with asana practice have significantly improved the selected physical fitness variables than the SAQ training and control group.

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SAQ Training, Asana Practice, Basketball.

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Customer Success Management (CSM) frameworks have become more critical in enterprise IT in efforts to drive long-term user engagement and reduce churn. Popular solutions are Gainsight, Totango, and Salesforce CSM, but there have been few quantitative comparisons of their impact on user experience and retention. This review performs a meta-analysis of 45 peer-reviewed articles, industry reports and vendor case studies and discusses retention rates, Net Promoter Score (NPS), Customer Satisfaction Score (CSAT) and Customer Effort Score (CES). The results indicate that CSM systems that empower data and analytics have a significant advantage over relationship-only models for retention, and that predictive analytics is a key differentiator among such systems.

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 Keywords

Customer Success Management, Enterprise IT, User Retention, User Experience, Framework Evaluation, Quantitative Review.

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Edge-enabled store analytics has emerged as a transformative approach for real-time performance monitoring in modern retail environments. This review explores the convergence of edge computing and artificial intelligence (AI) in enabling low-latency Key Performance Indicator (KPI) dashboards across large retail chains. By processing data locally at the edge, these systems drastically reduce latency, minimize cloud dependency, and enhance privacy, making them well-suited for high-frequency retail operations. The paper provides a structured overview of recent AI methods deployed at the edge, examines experimental results from real-world deployments, and highlights key performance benefits such as latency reduction, increased dashboard accuracy, and cost efficiency. It concludes with future directions emphasizing personalized AI at the edge, federated learning innovations, standardization efforts, and ethical considerations. This review aims to offer valuable insights for researchers and practitioners seeking to develop scalable, intelligent, and efficient store analytics frameworks in the digital retail age.

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Edge computing, Artificial intelligence, Retail analytics, KPI dashboards, Federated learning, Real-time inference, Smart stores, IoT in retail, Latency optimization, Edge AI frameworks.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Importance of Deendayal Upadhyay's "Philosophical Thoughts - Chiti and Virat" in the present context

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Importance of Deendayal Upadhyay's "Philosophical Thoughts - Chiti and Virat" in the present context

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In today's busy world, almost every person uses their smartphones and digital payment systems, which enables businesses to transform into digital modes. It allows digital marketing and is further geared up with the adaptation of artificial intelligence. A pilot study was carried out in Tamil Nadu, India. A structured questionnaire has been prepared after analyzing the gaps in the earlier studies. 150 respondents were selected through the random sampling method, and out of 150 respondents, we received 134 responses from the respondents. The purpose of the study is to identify the facts and figures that influence the e-commerce and AI impacts on digital marketing through simple percentage analysis. Further to identify the relationship between the usage of AI digital marketing tools and online e-commerce business sales correlation and simple linear regression Analysis of variance methods deployed and appropriate interpretation have been used to reveal the insights. There is a very strong direct relationship between the usage of AI digital marketing tools and boosting online e-commerce business sales. It means that when you increase the usage of AI digital marketing tools by 1, the value of boosting online e-commerce business sales increases by 1.0113. The scope for future research on this topic may be exploring the difference of AI digital marketing impacts in various countries to fine-tune how it differs according to the country's citizens' mindset.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital Marketing, Artificial Intelligence, E-Commerce, Sales, Impacts

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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As public sector institutions increasingly adopt Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance policy-making and operational efficiency, the need for flexible and adaptive system architectures has become critical. This review examines the emerging role of composable architectures in supporting AI-augmented decision support systems (AI-DSS) across public domains such as health, infrastructure, and urban governance

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Composable Architectures, Decision Support Systems (DSS), Human-in-the-Loop (HITL),Explainable AI (XAI),Interoperability

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