Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

The early 20th century was a transformative period in the subcontinent's politics, marked by pivotal events like the 1905 Bengal partition, Swadeshi and Boycott movements, rising revolutionary and nationalist activities, the 1906 Simla Deputation, and the formation of the Muslim League. These developments had a profound impact on Indian society. Hasrat Mohani, like many nationalist leaders, was deeply influenced by the prevailing atmosphere. With a natural revolutionary spirit, he stepped forward with dedication and a willingness to make sacrifices. His sensitive nature allowed him to absorb the changing tides and meet challenges head on.

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 Keywords

Nationalist, Freedom, Independence, journal, politics

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Silybum marianum is a medicinal herb historically used as a hepatoprotective agent. It has been used for the treatment of several hepatic diseases marked by functional impairment or progressive necrosis. Its hepatoprotective function is distinctive and operates via several mechanisms, including antioxidant and "anti-inflammatory effects, regulation of cell permeability, membrane stabilisation, encouragement of liver regeneration, and suppression of collagen fibre deposition, which may contribute to cirrhosis. The majority of documented data regarding Silybum marianum pertains to hepatic disorders; however, recent findings indicate its advantageous properties across a diverse array of conditions, including renal protection, hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects, cardiovascular protection, prevention of insulin resistance--particularly in cirrhotic patients--cancer, and Alzheimer's disease prevention. It is furthermore used as a dietary treatment. This review article intends to elucidate several facets of Silybum marianum, particularly the findings from recent publications about its impact on various disorders, in addition to discussing its hepatoprotective properties.

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Carduus marianus ,Milk Thistle, Pharmacology ,Comprehensive ,Study

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The growth of international human rights laws and agreement1 has transformed international law and has produced robust international legal processes to promote human rights2 . We look at ideas of the interaction between international law and national legal system, as well as the wide discretion in determining how to implement international human rights in national constitutions. We also go over the significance of the legislative approaches for putting international human rights laws into effect as well as the monitoring mechanisms of international organizations3 . Everyone should have access to human rights as fundamental rights, according to the United Nations (UN)4 and the community of nations. The importance of integrating these international human rights into Welsh5 is the primary focus of this briefing. We all have the fundamental right despite this human rights are regardless of our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or any other status. However, countries have regularly avoided their obligations6 to protect the human rights of their citizens by ignoring international legal standards. Numerous methods that human rights are commonly included in constitutions are examined in this comment. In order to highlight the significant advancements in international law, it creates a unique classification scheme for every category. Amongst the actions governments are encouraged to take is to incorporate human rights treaties7 into national constitutions or in national law.

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Incorporation, International human rights, Constitution, Tribunals, Enforcements, Implementation, Judicial Interpretation, Domestic Application .

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Understanding natural images requires not only selecting an appropriate algorithm but also incorporating mechanisms for adapting to contextual variations. Traditional image classification and recognition pipelines often rely on fixed models that fail when applied to diverse datasets or varying environmental conditions. To overcome this limitation, we present a framework that dynamically selects algorithms based on problem characteristics and employs a high-level feedback mechanism for iterative refinement. The framework integrates low-level feature extraction, algorithm evaluation, and a supervisory layer that adapts decision-making through feedback loops. Experimental results across benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed method improves accuracy, robustness, and scalability compared to static single-algorithm approaches. The findings highlight the importance of adaptive selection strategies and interactive feedback in advancing natural image understanding.

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Natural Image Understanding; Algorithm Selection; High-Level Feedback; Adaptive Framework; Image Classification

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Abstract: This study examines the relationship between teacher educators' awareness of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and their perceived challenges in implementing the policy within Indian educational institutions. Drawing upon empirical data, the findings indicate that teacher educators generally possess a moderate level of awareness regarding NEP 2020, with awareness scores exhibiting substantial variation across dimensions such as curriculum, quality education, professional development, technology, and overall policy impact. Statistical analysis using Pearson correlation revealed that, for teacher educators, there is no significant relationship between the overall awareness of NEP 2020 and their perceived challenges in its implementation (r = -0.034, not significant). This suggests that increased policy awareness among teacher educators does not correspond to a greater or lesser perception of challenges in enacting NEP 2020 reforms. The results contrast with findings from higher education faculty, where higher awareness was positively correlated with increased recognition of implementation challenges. These findings underscore that, within the cohort of teacher educators, the perception of challenges associated with NEP 2020 is likely influenced by contextual and institutional factors--such as resource availability, infrastructural support, and organizational culture--rather than policy awareness alone. The study highlights the importance of targeted capacity-building and systemic support to address identified barriers, irrespective of baseline awareness levels among teacher educators. In doing so, the research informs policymakers and educational leaders about the nuanced dynamics underpinning large-scale educational reform implementation.

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Key Words--NEP 2020, Nature of NEP 2020, Relationship (Between Awareness and Challenges), Teacher Educators, Awareness, Perceived Challenges, Implementation

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This cross-sectional study aims to assess the awareness, attitude, and factors influencing HPV vaccination decisions among Adolescent girls aged 13-18 years in selected schools in Coimbatore. A total of 200 young girls were surveyed using a structured, pre-validated questionnaire. The results revealed that 90% of participants had heard of HPV, and 80% were aware of the HPV vaccine. However, only 60% understood that the vaccine prevents cancer, with gaps in awareness regarding its full protective benefits. Regarding attitudes, 75% of participants believed the vaccine was important, and 65% expressed willingness to get vaccinated. Parental support emerged as a key factor influencing vaccination decisions, with 80% reporting parental encouragement. Peer influence (50%), belief in the vaccine's effectiveness (75%), and concerns about side effects (20%) were also significant factors in decision-making. Cost of the vaccine was less of a concern, as 75% of participants did not see it as a barrier.The study highlights the need for targeted educational interventions to address misconceptions about HPV, its vaccine, and safety concerns, aiming to increase vaccination uptake and prevent HPV -related diseases in future generations.

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HPV vaccination, adolescent girls, awareness, attitude, parental support, vaccine effectiveness, peer influence , Vaccination decision

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Surgical, inflammation, tissues.

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Background: Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is a serious global public health problem connected with cognitive impairments in teenagers including as low school performance, attention, and memory. Although homeopathy and other alternative treatments are gaining attention, iron supplementation continues to be the scientific underpinnings of treatment. Objective: Considering methodological rigor, safety, mechanistic explanations, and clinical outcomes, this study reviews the evidence on homeopathy's possible function in improving cognition in iron-deficient anemic children. Methods: Peer-reviewed biomedical and CAM literature were systematically evaluated on children (10-19 years) with IDA who had homeopathic treatment; randomized trials, observational studies, and theoretical papers were covered. Primary results were the standardized cognitive tests; secondary outcomes were hematologic markers, school success, and unfavorable events. Risk of bias and certainty were assessed using the RoB 2 and GRADE techniques. Results: There were no thorough investigations specifically linking homeopathy to cognitive enhancement in this population. Due to inadequate sample sizes, varied therapies, and dubious cognitive markers, the existing literature is technically flawed. Observed cognitive advantages were more closely related to iron supplementation. No apparent adverse effects were observed with homeopathy. Conclusion: The claim that homeopathy enhances cognitive function in iron-deficient anemic youngsters is not supported by any trustworthy data. Iron replenishment continues to be the basis of treatment. Only in well-informed care systems and morally created research can homeopathy be studied as a low-risk complement.

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Iron-deficiency anaemia, adolescents, cognition, homeopathy, iron supplementation, cognitive enhancement

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Background: Menstruation refers to the monthly discharge through the vagina of blood and other substances from the uterus in non pregnant adult females. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), occurs 7-14 days before the onset of menstruation and subsides with the commencement of menstrual flow, affects women during their reproductive age, and is associated with physical, psychological and behavioral changes. Premenstrual syndrome is characterized by a complex set of symptoms which include physical, psychological and behavioral changes of varying severity. Aim: To assess the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and its coping strategies among female students of selected college Agartala, Tripura. Method and Material: A quantitative research approach and non-experimental descriptive research design was adopted to collect the data from 150 female students studying at Ramthakur College, Agartala, Tripura by using systematic random sampling technique. Checklists were used to assess the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and its coping strategies. Chi square test was used to find out association between prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and its coping strategies among female students with their selected demographical variables. After the data collection researcher distributed an information booklet related to premenstrual syndrome and its management to the respondents.

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Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), Coping strategies, Female students, Information booklet.

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 Abstract

Fareed Bani Vichla Bimb-Vidhan

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Fareed Bani Vichla Bimb-Vidhan

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