Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Introduction: Lymphadenopathy especially cervical lymphadenopathy is commonly presented complaint in pediatric age group. In majority of pediatric cases, enlarged lymph nodes are due to reactive causes and are self-limiting. Hence excision biopsy is not required in all cases. FNAC is safe, accurate, minimally invasive procedure where resources are limited, and access to surgical biopsy is limited. Material and methods: This retrospective study was carried out with the data collected for period of 2 years from January 2022 to December 2023, from department of pathology, GMERS medical College and hospital, Sola, Ahmedabad. All pediatric cases (<=18 years) with superficial lymphadenopathy where FNAC was performed during the study period was included. Aspirated material was stained with H&E, PaP stain, Giemsa stain and Z&N stain (whenever required). Lymphadenopathy was classified, based on cytomorphological findings into Benign (Nonspecific reactive, Acute suppurative, Granulomatous) and Neoplastic. Results: Total 126 lymph nodes were aspirated during study period in pediatric age group. The results were categorized into 2 broad categories: Benign and Malignant. Among Benign lesion- 49 cases (38.89%) were of Nonspecific reactive lymphadenitis, 53 cases (42.06%) were of Granulomatous and 22 cases (17.46%) were of acute suppurative lymphadenitis. Among malignant - 2 cases were identified, 1 of Hodgkin Lymphoma (0.8%) and 1 of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (0.8%). In this study maximum number of the patients were in the age group of 11-18 years (61.90%) followed by 6-10 years (23%), in <=5years (15.08%). Male to Female ratio is 1: 0.96. Conclusion: FNAC is safe, rapid and accurate method of investigation in pediatric superficial lymphadenopathy and help in next appropriate steps of management. Nonspecific reactive and Granulomatous (tuberculous) lymphadenopathy are most common cytomorphological findings seen in pediatric superficial lymphadenopathy examination.

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cervical lymphadenopathy, FNAC, pediatric age group

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This paper presents a comparative study of advanced machine learning algorithms for prime number classification across diverse numerical ranges. Seven models Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN), XGBoost (XGB), and LightGBM (LGBM) are systematically evaluated in terms of both predictive accuracy and computational efficiency across eight distinct prime number intervals. The assessment incorporates key performance metrics such as Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-Score, ROC-AUC, average training time per epoch, and the average number of epochs required for convergence. Findings from the analysis emphasize the inherent trade-offs between accuracy and efficiency, providing practical guidance for selecting optimal models in large-scale classification scenarios. The results reveal noticeable variations in model performance based on both the prime number range and the chosen algorithm. Ensemble models like XGBoost and LightGBM consistently achieved higher accuracy in larger ranges, whereas Logistic Regression and Decision Trees showed limited scalability. k-Nearest Neighbors performed well in smaller ranges but lost efficiency as the dataset size increased. Overall, the study underscores the balance between accuracy and computational cost, providing useful guidance for selecting suitable machine learning models in prime number classification and broader computational number theory tasks.

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Prime Number Classification, Machine Learning, Accuracy, Computational Efficiency, Convergence Rate, Analysis, Number Theory.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction: This article explains that financial institutions in any country are the lifeblood of the economy. Banks are important in today's society. International experience proves that countries that promote free trade develop rapidly and steadily. To be effective, employees are "resources" that can only be used for training. This means that employees can combine new skills with their previous experiences and develop new ideas. Literature review: According to Soteriou, Andreas and Zenios, A. Stavros. (1997) stated that customer satisfaction is an important factor in bank sales which has a long-term financial impact on the banking sector. Objective of this study: The main objective of this research paper is to examine the relationship between Bagalkot District Commercial Bank and financial performance and to analyze the performance of Bagalkot District Commercial Bank in terms of customer satisfaction and employees. Methodology of study: This section discusses the research methods used in this study, including: Statistical methods used for quantitative and qualitative analysis. Secondary and primary data used in this research. The sample size is 150. Based on data analysis and interviews with experts in relevant fields, Study A has 10 questions and Study B has 15 questions. 4 means satisfied, 5 means satisfied but not very comfortable. Research Hypotheses: The hypotheses tested in this article are as follows: H0: There is no difference in customer satisfaction in banking sector in different parts of Bagalkot district. 2. H0: There is no difference in customer satisfaction among bank employees in different parts of Bagalkot district. Data Analysis and Interpretation: The second picture is determined by analyzing the data and activities of the companies it works with and there are five variables: Productivity, Income, Availability of Money, Production, Quality and Capacity. Collect valuable information from bank employees and bank customers to measure customer satisfaction and employee satisfaction. Finding: Research shows that there are differences in customer satisfaction among different groups. Jobs and incomes change every year. However, customer satisfaction does not differ significantly by gender and education level. The analysis shows that there are differences in the happiness of employees of different ages and professions, but there is no difference in employee satisfaction due to gender difference. Conclusion: The analysis shows that people are more important than money in finance. Banks that fulfill their human responsibilities such as social participation, customer satisfaction, and employee satisfaction are successful. Keyword: Commercial Banks, Productivity and Social Relations, Employee Performance and Satisfaction

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Keyword: Commercial Banks, Productivity and Social Relations, Employee Performance and Satisfaction

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This study investigates the ethnomedicinal practices of indigenous communities in the Kalahandi district of Odisha, India, where access to modern healthcare remains limited. Conducted between July 2023 and January 2024, the research draws on both primary and secondary sources to document traditional plant-based remedies used for the prevention and treatment of various ailments. Fieldwork was carried out across ten villages, involving interviews with 48 informants, including both traditional healers (Kavirajs) and knowledgeable non-healers. Data were collected using structured and semi-structured questionnaires, supplemented by direct observation and guided field visits. A total of 61 plant species--comprising 30 trees, 14 shrubs, and 17 herbs--were recorded for their medicinal applications. The study details preparation methods, routes of administration, and the use of additional ingredients such as milk, sugar, and water. Plant identification was verified using standard botanical literature, and photographic documentation supported the authenticity of the findings. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were employed to interpret the data. This research contributes to the preservation of indigenous knowledge systems and highlights the continued relevance of ethnomedicine in rural health care.

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Ethnomedicine, Indigenous knowledge, Tribal healthcare, Medicinal plants, Kalahandi district, Traditional healing systems, Biodiversity conservation

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Humans are truly unique beings, distinguished by our intelligence, social nature, capacity for love and compassion, imagination, and self-reflection. These qualities set us apart from other species and have enabled us to accomplish incredible things and have a lasting impact on the world. Research shows that spirituality can benefit both the mind and the body. Whether someone is coping with cancer or clinical depression, spiritual exercises help them increase acceptance, decrease negative emotions, find meaning, and deepen their relationships with others. Spiritual well-being and physical health have a much deeper connection than most people would ever know. Spiritual well-being clears the path to better physical health. It removes the blockages that are working as impediments to your overall well-being. It acts as a guide to enhancing your mental and physical health. The Proposed study has revealed significant relationships between spirituality, health-related behaviors, and physical and psychological well-being in terms of the type of acquired education, Family background, Age, Gender etc. The results included both spirituality and health-related behaviors that are associated with psychological well-being. The relationship between spirituality and psychological well-being was stronger in the human mind and spirit group of participants.

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Spirituality, Mental health, physical Health, family person

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Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Education: Prospects and Challenges

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Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Education: Prospects and Challenges

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Trauma narratives in the ever-evolving domain of queer studies act as critical sites of resistance against conventional ideas of belonging and development of intersectional strategies of well-being in multidimensional sociopolitical contexts. This paper explores the complexities of queer trauma, (un)belonging, and various social forces in the restructuring of well-being models and relies on the classical theories of reparative epistemologies and disidentification strategies by the most prominent queer scholars. The queer traumatic experiences are interpreted as the violation of the norms of belonging, especially boosted by the current policy contexts, that exacerbate marginalization along the dimensions of race, socioeconomic status, disability, and migration histories, which changes the pathway of mental health and communal resilience. Placed in the context of the growing body of research on minority stress, the study builds on traditional conceptual frameworks with narrative approaches in order to shed light on the shifting and contentious quality of (un)belonging. The central assumptions made in queer research agendas such as the idea of the universal trauma recovery are scrutinized, and it is implied that they might not hold in the face of the changing trends in identity in the form of the latest studies showing that 7.6 percent of U.S. adults identify as LGBTQ+ on the basis of 2024 data, and the increase is the highest in younger cohorts. Driven by the desire to deliver fair well-being practices, the study presents new qualitative outcomes of the deep narrative inquiry among diverse queer participants, which was conducted through reflexive thematic methods to trace the transformational potential of intersectional storying. Among these works is a dialectical account of (un)belonging, which places trauma narratives as spaces of resistance and renewal. The results indicate that stratified unbelonging increases the susceptibility to psychological adversity, but also generates successful adaptations such as online support groups and culturally competent healing practices. These reflections contribute to academic goals by imagining possibilities in which queer well-being is no longer shackled to normativity, demanding that intersectional views be part of policy and practice. The paper ultimately proposes a renewed focus in queer inquiry, centered on empathetic, evidence-based approaches that prioritize marginalized narratives and erode persistent binary structures.

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Queer trauma; (Un)belonging; Minority stress; Reparative epistemologies; Disidentification strategies

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The present study aimed to analyze the level of social phobia among visually impaired adolescents, specifically focusing on gender differences in severity. The sample consisted of 60 participants, evenly split between boys and girls, displaying varying levels of social phobia as measured on a scale ranging from normal to severe. The results show that social phobia is prevalent among visually impaired adolescents, with a significant proportion of participants experiencing mild to severe levels of social anxiety. 43.3% of adolescents meet the diagnostic criteria specified in the DSM-5 for social phobia of which majority were girls. They met the diagnostic criteria of experiencing marked fear or anxiety in one or more social situations. These adolescents reported feeling anxious in a variety of social situations, such as while giving speeches or performing in front of others. Social Phobia was not limited to peer settings but also extended to interactions with authority figures. They also avoided social situations that caused them fear or anxiety such as attending social events, and avoided doing things or speaking to people for fear of embarrassment. Statistically calculations of Chi square values show significant association between gender and severity of level of social phobia at p <0.5.

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Social phobia, DSM-5, Adolescents, Visual impairment

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The evolution of the payment system from physical to digital is one of the greatest highlight of the 21st century in India. As the main aim of this system was to provide effective, efficient and safe transactions and due to increase need it gained importance in the COVID pandemic. India has made a remarkable progress this field in the recent past, and its journey towards digitization of payment system can be embarked from the Jana Dhan yojana to introduction of UPI and ahead. This road map has led India towards financial inclusion, where physical INR could be supported with eINR. This paper provides the road map of India towards the pilot launch of CBDCs in December 2022 and the milestones it can achieve in the coming years.

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Digital Currency, CBDC, Financial inclusion, SWIFT, UPI, UPI123

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Abstract: The present study aimed to assess the knowledge of antenatal women regarding identification of alarming signs leading to obstetrical emergencies during pregnancy, labour and puerperium. A descriptive research approach was utilized at Florence Nightingale Hospital, Channapora Srinagar. The data was collected from 150 antenatal women by using self structured interview schedule. The most commonly reported risk factor related to alarming signs was present history of obstetric complications, present medical condition, family history of medical condition. Least found risk factor was nutritional deficiency. The mean percentage of knowledge score was 43.46% with median score of 14, mean score was 13.47, S.D of 2.097 .The Chi-square value showed that there was no significant association between the knowledge score and demographic variables(Age, weight, place of residence, educational status, availing use of social media for maternity care information, type of family), except Occupation which showed significant association with the knowledge score. The current findings further presented that there was no significant association between knowledge scores and obstetric variables (Gravida, parity, gestational age , mode of last delivery and number of live children).

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Alarming signs, Obstetrical emergencies, Complications, Puerperium

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