Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Migraine is a common neurological condition that can really take a toll on people's quality of life and productivity around the globe. It's marked by recurring headaches that often come with nausea, sensitivity to light, and sensitivity to sound. Traditional preventive treatments, like beta-blockers and antiepileptics, often fall short in terms of effectiveness and tolerability, which is why there's a need for new options. Enter atogepant, an oral calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist that's making waves in the world of migraine prevention. It got the green light from the FDA in 2021, followed by approvals from Health Canada and the EMA, making it the first oral CGRP antagonist specifically designed for preventing migraines. Atogepant is quickly absorbed, spreads widely in the body, and is mainly broken down by CYP3A4, boasting a half-life of about 11 hours, which allows for once-daily dosing. It works by blocking CGRP-induced vasodilation and neurogenic inflammation, helping to cut down on the frequency and intensity of migraines. Clinical trials have shown it effectively reduces the number of migraine days each month, with some common side effects like constipation, nausea, and fatigue. All in all, atogepant offers a safe, effective, and convenient oral solution, marking a big step forward in personalized migraine management.

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 Keywords

Migraine, Atogepant, CGRP receptor antagonist, Episodic migraine prevention, Pathophysio logy, Pharmacokinetics, Neurogenic inflammation, Adverse effects, Drug interactions, Personalized migraine therapy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Compostingss is a technological waste management method in which organic material is broken down and stabilized into a biodegradable combination and then turned into compost with the aid of aerobic microbiological activity. This organic matter decomposition process has garnered a lot of interest lately because it uses eco-friendly techniques that prevent further pollution of the environment. The first mesophilic phase, the thermophilic phase, the second mesophilic phase, and the maturation phase are the four stages of the composting process. . The C/N ratio, temperature, humidity, substrate particle size, pH, oxygen content, and microbes are the main variables affecting the success of decomposition. In the process of breaking down organic waste, microorganisms like bacteria, fungus, and actinomycetes function as chemical decomposers, producing carbon dioxide, heat, water, hummus, and compost--a rather stable end organic product. Microorganisms break down the complex lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose molecules during the composting process. The makeup of composite mixtures and temperature variations throughout the composting process have an impact on the existence of various microbe kinds. The temperature rises at the start of compression due to a large increase in microbial activity. The fungi that are most active during the compost maturation process take the place of the bacteria that once predominated. The purpose of this scientific paper is to provide an outline of the composting process and the part that helpful microorganisms play in the organic matter of the compost mixture's breakdown.

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 Keywords

Compost, microorganisms, biodegradable materials, and microbiological breakdown

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In India, disinvestment policies have become an important part of economic reforms meant to improve the accountability, efficiency, and competitiveness of Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs). Disinvestment is the process of selling government shares in PSUs to the public or private sector. It was first implemented in the early 1990s as part of the liberalization program. The main goals are to lessen the financial load, enhance public finances, promote greater ownership, and develop a more vibrant, market-driven economy. Strategic disinvestment and the privatization of non-performing or non-strategic PSUs have replaced partial stake sales as India's disinvestment approach over the years. Although the government has benefited greatly from disinvestment in non-tax revenue, it has also triggered discussions about valuation, transparency, social impact, and the role of the state in the economy. The government's commitment to streamlining the public sector is demonstrated by important efforts such as the establishment of the Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (DIPAM) and policies on strategic disinvestment. With an emphasis on how it affects PSU performance, this article examines the idea, goals, significance, implementation problems, difficulties and ramifications of India's disinvestment strategy. This article also looks at the main problems that PSUs are facing today and examines the recent challenges in a fiercely competitive privatized economy.

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 Keywords

PSUs, DIPAM, Disinvestment, LPG, Private Sector, Subsidy reforms

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Due to rapid industrial growth in India, there is a growing need for well-designed industrial warehouses to store and manufacture goods. These warehouses must be structurally sound, economically feasible, and capable of withstanding various environmental and operational loads. This study focuses on the design of an industrial warehouse by analysing and evaluating different force/load effects, including dead loads, live loads, wind loads, and seismic forces. The design process is guided by Indian Standards, particularly IS 800:2007 for general steel structure design and IS 875:1987 (Part I, II, and III) for determining various loading conditions, including wind loads. Key components of the warehouse, such as roof trusses, vertical columns, purlins, connections, and bracings, are carefully designed using both manual calculations and STAAD Pro software to ensure accuracy and structural integrity. The results indicate that by applying appropriate codes and structural principles, an efficient, safe, and economical warehouse can be developed. The study also demonstrates that pre-engineered and tubular sections significantly enhance construction efficiency and flexibility while maintaining strength and durability. This comprehensive design approach ensures the warehouse meets the functional, safety, and sustainability requirements of modern industrial operations.

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 Keywords

Industrial Warehouses, Load, Truss, Designed, IS Specifications, Structure, Tubular Section, Pre-Engineered Sections, STAAD-Pro.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper examines the process and implications of adapting the biblical account of Joseph (Genesis 37-50) into a one-act stage play titled Joseph's Journey: From Shepherd to Blessing. Using the framework of adaptation studies, particularly theories advanced by Linda Hutcheon and Julie Sanders, it analyzes how narrative compression, dramatic structure, and performative elements reshape the ancient text for contemporary audiences. Special attention is given to how the adaptation foregrounds emotional arcs, suspense, and moral resolution while retaining theological resonance.

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Genesis- Narrative compression- theological resonance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Keywords: urban mosquito breeding, water temperature, pH, seasonal variation, vector control, climate adaptation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Women now have a multiplicity of chances to develop their skills and construct better futures thanks to the digital age, which has completely changed the way we live, work, and communicate. But there are drawbacks as well, such the gender gap, underrepresentation in IT, and socioeconomic obstacles. In order to get beyond these obstacles, the Indian government has started a number of digital initiatives. In order to promote socioeconomic inclusion, enable women to have a sustainable future, and reduce gender disparities in access to digital technology, the Indian government's digital literacy initiatives are essential. In addition to promoting gender equality, empowering women in the digital era is an essential first step toward long-term social and economic advancement. The significance of providing women with fundamental digital skills is examined in this essay. It draws attention to how few digital platforms are effective at closing the gender gap and the necessity of laws that support inclusivity and provide safe online environments for women. Additionally, outline the obstacles and difficulties that prevent women from acquiring digital skills.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Digital literacy, Empowering, Entrepreneurship, Sustainable, Mechanism

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Identifying weeds in a timely manner is essential to ensure there is no reduction in the overall yield in contemporary agriculture. Timely identification of weeds leads to increased efficiency, which can minimize weeds and herbicide use, and increase productivity. In chili cultivation, weeds have the potential to look similar to the crops, which makes it labor-intensive, error-prone, and inefficient to do weed detection manually. For this study, the data were drawn from three models with deep-learning algorithms to demonstrate a method for weed detection in chili. The three models that were utilized were: ConvNeXt, Vision Transformer (ViT), and Swin Transformer. We created a custom image dataset from the real-world chili farmlands, where we collected images of the crops with many difficulties including multiple lighting conditions, occlusion, and other background trouble. It was necessary to conduct a lot of pre-processing and augmentations to ensure the models had the best possibility to be trained and generalized properly. The models were fine tuned using transfer learning on the models based on a binary classification model (weed vs non-weed). The possible effects of models were evaluated based on their accuracy, precision, recall, f1 score, and inference time. ConvNeXt achieved the highest accuracy at 99.0%, followed by ViT at 97.8%, and Swin Transformer at 92.1%. ConvNeXt also had the highest inference time and generalization properties, making it applicable on a small scale for real-time applications on low-power devices. Overall, the study's findings demonstrate that deep learning solutions based on modern transformer models and hybrid CNN architectures could fundamentally alter how systems for automated weed control have been introduced and how many herbicides are needed to conduct a productive grow as we find ourselves working towards reducing our dependency for chemical solutions.

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 Keywords

ConvNeXt, Vision Transformer (ViT), Swin Transformer, Weed Detection, Chili Crop, Deep Learning (DL), Machine Learning (ML), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Image Classification, Precision Agriculture.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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If we evaluate the ancient concept of "Fault Theory" in the International disputes at the worldwide scenario, then we find that, it refers to the idea being responsible or blame can be assigned to a state or actor for causing a conflict or violating international law. So, the idea of fault theory has been rooted in the legal and moral philosophy, it draws from domestic tort and criminal law principles, emphasizing culpability for harm caused. Hence, this research paper is trying to find the fundamental key foundations in relation to fault theory, which are: State Responsibility: The International Law Commission (ILC) Articles on State Responsibility (2001) Codify fault-based liability, requiring attribution of conduct and breach of International obligations. Jus Ad Bellum Fault is central to assessing aggression under the U.N.Charter, where unlawful use of force triggers accountability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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State Responsibility, Internationally Wrongful Act, Subjective Fault, Moral Culpability, Fault Theory.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Israel-Philistine sangharsh ke prati Bharat ke drashtikon: ek kutnitik aur rannitik adhyayan

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Israel-Philistine sangharsh ke prati Bharat ke drashtikon: ek kutnitik aur rannitik adhyayan

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition