Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

The present study examines the instability and sustainability of major crops in Haryana over the past three decades from 1990-91 to 2021-22. The findings recorded a rapid decline in the area under Gram cultivation, while Wheat, Rice, Cotton and Mustard crops experienced significant fluctuations. In India various agricultural reforms like land reforms, the Green Revolution, minimum support prices, and economic liberalization have positively contributed to increased productivity and production across crops. But they have also led to instability in crop cultivation. For instance, while rice and wheat have seen relatively stable production levels, coarse cereals and pulses have experienced high instability in terms of cultivated area and production, particularly in Haryana. To ensure food and nutritional security, it is essential to maintain sustainable crop production; this study evaluates that sustainability through the use of sustainability indices.

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Growth, Crop Instability, Production, Agriculture

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The increasing use of micro-videos, such as reels and shorts, in digital learning environments presents unique opportunities for enhancing pedagogical practices. This study investigates the impact of using short-format educational videos on teaching English language skills to undergraduate engineering students in India. This study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining pre- and post-test assessments, engagement analytics, and student feedback to evaluate learning outcomes. Preliminary findings indicate a significant improvement in students' writing, speaking, listening, reading, grammar, and vocabulary acquisition when they are exposed to context-specific Employment of micro-videos. This paper discusses the best practices for creating such videos, explores their effectiveness in fostering active learning, and highlights challenges such as content design, learner engagement, and language retention. The implications for curriculum design in technical education are explored, offering a framework for integrating micro-videos into traditional and hybrid learning environments. Additionally, the study conducted a comparative analysis between traditional teaching methods and micro-video-based instruction to evaluate their relative effectiveness. Personalised learning strategies are considered by tailoring video content to different learning paces and providing adaptive and student-centred education. To enhance engagement, interactive features such as quizzes, pronunciation drills, comprehension exercises, and gamified tasks linked to videos were integrated into the learning experience.

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Micro-videos, Reels, Shorts, English Language Teaching, Digital Pedagogy, Video-Based Learning, Curriculum Design, Hybrid Learning, Gamification, Language Acquisition.

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In the age of digitization, using technology for transactions is the most efficient way to remain agile and provide enhanced service to consumers. This study aims to explore consumers' perceptions regarding online and digital payments, as well as the safety of these transactions in a world of interconnected technologies. Digital transactions are quickly emerging as the predominant method of transaction across India, and Chennai is no exception. Several studies have highlighted that an efficient payment system can significantly enhance the liquidity flow within an economy. The study finds the advantages and challenges which is faced by consumers while adopting digital payment.

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Digital Transactions, Consumer, Perception, Security and Safety of Transactions

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The biology of yellow stemborer, Scirpophaga incertulus (Walker) was studied under laboratory conditions in eastern Vidarbha of Maharashtra (India) during Kharif season at prevailing room temperature (22-32oC) and relative humidity (58-72 %). The results revealed that the pre-oviposition and ovi-position period lasted on an average for 1.0 and 1.5 days, respectively. The fecundity was 124 eggs/female. The incubation period was 7.5 days. The larval and pupal duration recorded was 28.5 and 8.5 days, respectively. The mean adult longevity was 2 days.

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Biology, fecundity, rice, Scirpophaga incertulus, Yellow stemborer

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Since the initiation of 21st century, globally, the scale, intensity and frequency of climatic hazards have increased manifolds. Cities with higher concentration of people and assets are naturally vulnerable to disasters and according to United Nations (2018) by 2050 almost 68 percent of world population will be living in the cities. South Asia, the most densely populated region of the world, is more vulnerable to natural hazards and disasters. All the major cities in South Asia are not only profoundly populated but also expanding rapidly and mostly, in an unplanned manner, thereby rendering them vulnerable to hazards and disasters. Such vulnerability together with rapid population growth, environmental degradation, socio-economic inequalities and resultant social exclusion further compound the challenges of a hazard or disaster like flood, earthquake, landslide, tropical cyclone etc. Uniquely, a resilient community responds positively and can cope with the damages and changes caused by a disaster. Only an all-inclusive urban resilience approach can ensure the benefit of all people as it encompasses the understanding of diverse needs and capabilities of all people and acknowledge the unique needs of the socially excluded and marginalized groups based on age, gender, race, ethnicity, caste, religion, sexual orientation, geographical location and disability status. The present paper is a qualitative study which seeks to explore the meaning and types of resilience, the reasons why South Asia is particularly concerned and the present status of social inclusion in building resilience and upholding disaster risk management (DRM) in South Asia.

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Resilience, hazard, disaster, social exclusion, social inclusion, disaster risk management (DRM)

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There is a drastic behavioural change in the lives of youth in many families of Indian communities especially in Christian communities. The changes are found in their thinking, feeling, and behaviour. Behavioural change is important in the youth when they grow physically, but if it is in a negative way there comes the problem. The development of the society or future nation or nation building is based on the proper/positive behaviour of the youth. Therefore, behaviour of the youth is most important. In this paper the presenter would like to try to bring out some of the impacts of how and why the youth have developed to misbehaviour and how can they be brought back to a good behaviour.

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Negative Behavioural Change in Youth - A Psychological Study: Christian Ministry Perspective

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India stands at a critical juncture in its urban development trajectory, with its cities experiencing unprecedented demographic, spatial, and economic growth. One of the most pressing consequences of this urbanization is the dramatic increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. As of 2025, India generates over 150,000 tonnes of MSW per day, and this number is projected to rise significantly in the coming decades, fuelled by rising population, increased consumption, and changing lifestyles. The implications of this surge are profound--both in terms of environmental sustainability and the resilience of urban governance systems. The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, notified under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, were a landmark step in India's policy landscape, aiming to address long-standing inefficiencies in urban waste management. These rules introduced several progressive reforms, including the promotion of source segregation, the recognition of informal waste workers, the implementation of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), and the emphasis on scientific waste processing. Despite this forward-thinking regulatory framework, the on-ground realities remain far from ideal. Recognizing these challenges, the Government of India introduced the Solid Waste Management (SWM) Rules, 2016, under the umbrella of the Environment Protection Act, 1986. These rules marked a significant policy shift by expanding the scope of responsibilities to include not only municipal authorities but also citizens, institutions, and private sector actors. Key mandates include segregation of waste at source, scientific processing, formalization of informal waste workers, and closure of existing landfills. The rules also support decentralized waste management and encourage municipalities to recover value from waste through composting, recycling, and energy generation. A vast number of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) continue to struggle with the basic tasks of waste collection, segregation, transportation, and disposal. Even in major metropolitan cities, unsegregated waste is often dumped into poorly managed landfills or open dumps, leading to severe public health risks, air and water pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. In smaller towns and peri-urban areas, waste management infrastructure is either completely absent or grossly underdeveloped. These inconsistencies point towards a larger, systemic issue: the governance and policy implementation gap. This paper presents a critical examination of the current solid waste management practices in Indian municipalities, highlighting the multifaceted challenges that hinder the transition towards a more sustainable and efficient urban waste management ecosystem. Using a qualitative methodology that combines analysis of government documents, policy frameworks, implementation reports, and case studies from diverse Indian cities, this study identifies policy gaps, structural weaknesses, and governance failures as core issues.

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Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), Solid Waste Management Rules 2016, Urban Governance, Waste Segregation, Informal Waste Workers, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), Decentralized Waste Management, Waste Policy Implementation, Environmental Sustainability, Urban Infrastructure, Solid Waste Policy, Circular Economy, Waste Processing, Public Health, India.

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This study has been undertaken to assess the effectiveness of Buerger-Allen exercise to improve the peripheral circulation among clients with Diabetes Mellitus. The data was generated by using investigator development foot assessment scale. Purposive sampling was adopted to select 60 subjects based on eligibility criteria. Thus, the data was obtained from the study; the subjects were analyzed and interpreted in terms of the objectives and hypothesis of the study. Data analysis is done by descriptive and inferential statistics, and the p value is set at 0.05 level. In experimental group the mean post test score was 33.07 which is higher than mean post test score 21.10 in right leg. In left leg the mean post test score was 35.20 which is higher than mean pre-test score 23.83. Within the group comparison using paired 't' test showed the significance in the peripheral circulation of experimental group at P<=0.05 level and 29 df (t=14.24, 15.71 for right leg & left leg respectively). Whereas there were no changes in the pre-test - post test scores in the control group. Between group comparison using student 't' test showed no significance in pre-test, (t=.90, 1.22 for right & left leg respectively) but high significance in the post test (t= 5.21, 5.78 for right & left leg respectively) at P<=0.05 for 58 df.

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Peripheral circulation, Buerger - Allen exercise, Intermittent claudication, Ankle Brachial Index

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ABSTRACT Lyric poetry is one of the most important and enduring forms of expression in English literature. It is based on ancient traditions and influenced by cultural and literary trends, has changed while preserving its fundamental focus: the human voice and emotional resonance. Via the study the researcher wants to convey the mechanism of lyric poetry. The researcher is presenting thematic and historical study of lyric poetry. This paper explores the transformation of lyrical voice in romantic poetry, with a focus on how inner emotional landscapes are externalised through nature imagery and this study contributes to a deeper understanding of how lyric poetry reflects evolving notions of selfhood and emotional experience.

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KEYWORDS: - Lyric poetry, love, nature, loss, grief, emotions, feelings, romantic poetry, imagery, symbolism, sound devices, figurative language.

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India's diverse cultural and epistemological landscape calls for a reimagining of science education to ensure inclusivity and relevance. This paper proposes a framework for culturally relevant science pedagogy (CRSP) that bridges western epistemology with Indian cultural knowledge systems. Based on theories of socio-cultural education and decolonial education, this framework proposes integrating local knowledge and practices into the science curriculum. It emphasizes culturally relevant strategies, culturally sensitive assessments and teacher preparation to promote epistemic equity. This study critically analyses the literature to determine the theoretical underpinnings and fundamental principles of culturally relevant pedagogy. Our analysis explores the theoretical foundations of CRSP based on five theories--constructivism, socio-cultural theory, funds of knowledge, decolonial theory and critical pedagogy and identifies five core principles- Cultural Relevance, Epistemic Inclusivity, Student-centered Learning, Interdisciplinary integration, Collaborative knowledge construction. This paper explores the Indian educational context, identifies gaps in the current science curriculum and outlines strategies for implementation in diverse settings.

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Keywords: culturally relevant pedagogy, science education, Indian classroom, cultural alignment

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