Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

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ABSTRACT: Introduction: The Indian financial market has undergone substantial growth and transformation over the past few decades, with the mutual fund industry emerging as a significant pillar in this evolution. Asset Management Companies (AMCs) are at the forefront of this industry, responsible for managing and administering the assets of various mutual fund schemes on behalf of investors. The performance of AMCs is crucial not only for investors seeking optimal returns but also for financial analysts and policymakers aiming to foster a robust and resilient financial ecosystem (Association of Mutual Funds in India [AMFI], 2023). OBJECTIVES: In the area of Security Analysis and Portfolio Management, Asset Management Business is a specialised area in Assisting the investors stakes. The present paper aims to analyse the Financial, Operating, Profitability, Balance sheet and Key ratios to find out the significance of generating profitability and managing with prudence. The paper also highlights as a case study review of key financials of HDFC -AMC in studying the future opportunities and challenges. 1. The profitability in relation to the capital employed and the ROE are also in consonance with the sales and the profit growth throughout the study period. The financial health of the HDFC AMC is presented in table 4 through balance sheet analysis. 2. The key ratios like debt-equity, return on assets, return on equity and return on capital are performing very well, thereby, indicating sound financial prudence in the management of this AMC. Further, the cashflow analysis from the operating, investing and financing flows are in line with the rest of the parameters.

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1. AMC 2. Case Study 3. Peer Companies Review.

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Microorganisms play a very noble role in spice cultivation, where they promote plant growth and are the most sustainable way to improve overall health and yield. They improve the water and mineral acquisition by modifying the plant's roots. This article discusses the role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF), which are commonly used in spices and medicinal herbs to enhance the antioxidant potential in plants to build immunity against pathogens, herbivory, biotic and abiotic stress. This article also highlights the impact of plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM) in spice crops, in their morphology and physiology, being broad-spectrum and environmentally sustainable.

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Keywords: Plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM), Spice and medicinal crops, Pathogens, Antioxidants.

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Sports and sports play a very important role in the physical, mental development, and social welfare of students. It develops positive qualities like discipline, responsibility, confidence, sacrifice, and accountability. Through the game, children learn to reconcile with their comrades and communicate positively with their coaches and senior citizens. This develops the game spirit in them, whether they win or face defeat. These qualities are the foundation of a developed personality. This research paper is basically focused on the Importance of Sports and Sports in Life. The main objective was to compare the personality development of college-level students and students. The study included 600 college-level students. Personality Development Evaluation Questionnaire was used as a tool for research. The major conclusions of the study are that significant differences were found between the two groups. Thus, it is concluded that sports and physical education are more positive for student life.

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College-level Students, Game, Sports, and Personality Development, etc.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping customer experiences in the e-commerce sector by enabling greater personalization through tools like recommendation engines, chatbots, and predictive analytics. This study investigates how AI-driven personalization influences customer satisfaction and loyalty in Tier-2 Indian cities, where digital adoption is accelerating. A structured questionnaire was administered to 150 e-commerce users in Coimbatore, Madurai, and Trichy. The research employs percentage analysis, Chi-square, and ANOVA to analyze the relationships between AI-driven personalization, satisfaction, and loyalty. Findings reveal that recommendation engines and AI-based personalization significantly improve satisfaction, while consumer perceptions of chatbots are mixed. Demographic factors such as age and tech-savviness moderate the acceptance of AI personalization. The study concludes that transparent, culturally relevant, and user-friendly AI applications can build stronger customer loyalty in emerging markets.

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Artificial Intelligence, Personalization, Customer Satisfaction, E-commerce, Tier-2 Cities, Loyalty, Chatbots

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The present research offers a detailed psychological study of the anti-heroic characters of the Mahabharata, one of the great epics of the ancient Indian tradition. As traditional scholarship has always been interested in the heroic heroes, this study turns the limelight around to study the psychological depth of great anti-heroes such as Duryodhana, Karna, Shakuni, Drona, Dhritarashtra, Dussasana, and Ashwatthama. With a qualitative research methodology using descriptive and comparative analysis, the study interweaves current psychological theories to understand the motivation, inner conflict, and moral nuances of these characters. The study describes how traits such as ambition, jealousy, loyalty, manipulation, revenge, and ethical crises not only propel individual destinies but also illuminate the epic's greater thematic concerns of dharma, justice, and human frailty. Placing these old characters within a larger literary and psychological context, the book highlights the universality of their conflicts and the ongoing relevance of the Mahabharata to human nature. The cross-disciplinary enterprise links classical Sanskrit literature and modern psychological theory to newly derived understanding in order to enrich both literary study and psychological inquiry. The findings encourage continued exploration of anti-heroism within ancient literature, highlighting the value of psychological analyses in unscrambling complex characterizations and ethical dilemmas in world literature.

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Mahabharata, anti-hero, psychological analysis, Sanskrit literature, ambition, jealousy, revenge

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High-altitude lakes act as important indicators of ecology and freshwater resources in the Himalayas. This study appears at the physicochemical parameters of Sani Lake, which is located in Zanskar, Kargil district, Ladakh (India). Field sampling and laboratory analyses have been utilized to assess water quality in terms of pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), hardness, alkalinity, turbidity, and major ions. The results indicated a slightly alkaline pH (7.4), low TDS (120 ppm), soft water hardness (40 ppm), and turbidity within safe limits (3 NTU). The absence of nitrate, nitrite, iron, and chlorine suggested minimal anthropogenic contamination. Overall, Sani Lake water was found to be fresh, soft, and in compliance with WHO and BIS drinking water standards, though the presence of ammonia (0.5 ppm) necessitates further monitoring. This baseline study emphasizes the ecological significance of Sani Lake and provides critical information for future conservation and climate change assessments.

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Sani Lake, High altitude Lake, physiochemical parameter, water quality, Zanskar, Kargil.

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Mental health is essential for everyone, regardless of their socioeconomic status or social category. However, if depression or other psychological problems are found to be more prevalent in a particular social group, it becomes important for policymakers to design need-based interventions that specifically address the vulnerabilities of that group. The psychological problems become even more severe when we look at the elderly population. Older adults are often doubly marginalized--first because of their age and declining social role, and second due to the cultural silence around mental health. Geriatric Depression is a serious concern of the Elderly around the world, particularly in the state of Uttarakhand. With increasing cases and stigma associated with mental health, it becomes difficult to handle the scenario. A complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social elements often leads to depression. This research paper has covered 1200 elderly individuals aged 60 and over who were chosen using the cluster Sampling technique from 18 blocks across 6 districts, which included 90 villages in the Kumaon region and 90 villages in the Garhwal region. It found significant correlation between depression levels and social categories in elderly population of Uttarakhand State. Findings of this research suggest that depression is relatively more common in OBC and SC groups compared to the General group, while ST lies somewhere in between. The level of depression is high in all categories. All elderly people of Uttarakhand need psychological intervention irrespective to their categories to improve their well-being.

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geriatric depression, depression, Social category, Uttarakhand, elderly

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Science and technology have completely transformed human life. Compared to earlier times, material comforts have increased manifold. However, alongside the rise in material comforts, human life values have also undergone change. Today, in this new environment, human beings are searching for new life values. Despite abundant material comforts, people are not finding true happiness and peace. Instead, they are experiencing stress and despair. Religions across the world have provided different kinds of life values. Yet, science has invalidated many traditional religious beliefs through its discoveries. As a result, modern intellectuals are once again searching for the meaning of life, happiness, and peace. The principles of Buddhism are based on reason, rationality, and wisdom. The Buddha neither accepted the eternity of the soul nor the existence of a creator God. He also rejected the notion of heavenly pleasures in the afterlife. Instead of faith-based religious doctrines, the Buddha accepted a scientific outlook and sought to make life happy and meaningful accordingly.

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Eightfold Path, Panch-sila, Bodhisattva, compassion, loving-kindness

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Negative space, commonly called white space, is a crucial but often neglected principle in graphic design. Negative space is not just an empty void; it serves as a dynamic element in visual communication, structuring, emphasizing, and enriching design compositions. In the fields of design theory, psychology, and semiotics, literature consistently emphasizes its significance for improving clarity, legibility, and user involvement. Gestalt psychology considers negative space essential to figure-ground relationships, and research in visual cognition demonstrates its role in alleviating cognitive overload and enhancing message retention. Researchers underscore its cultural and symbolic implications as well: in Eastern aesthetics, space represents harmony and balance, while in Western contexts it is often associated with minimalism, sophistication, and exclusivity. In branding, negative space acts as a potent mnemonic device, as evidenced by well-studied logos like FedEx, where nuanced use of space conveys hidden meaning and reinforces brand identity. In the realms of advertising and corporate communication, spacious layouts are indicative of professionalism and premium value. However, critiques warn that an overreliance on minimalism may alienate certain audiences. In digital design, negative space is also essential as it directs navigation, enhances usability, and promotes intuitive user experiences. This study, grounded in literature, brings together theoretical viewpoints to propose that negative space should not be seen merely as a passive absence. Rather, it is an element in design that is expressive, functional, and rich with cultural significance. Ultimately, its influence reaches beyond mere aesthetics, affecting interpretation, emotion, and engagement in both print and digital formats.

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KEYWORDS: Negative Space, Visual Communication, Minimalism, Branding, User Experience

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