Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

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Keywords: Diabetic macular edema, corticosteroids, dexamethasone implant, fluocinolone acetonide, triamcinolone, OCS-01, topical therapy.

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This study examines the pivotal role of Project Management Information Systems (PMIS) in strengthening monitoring and evaluation (M&E) processes for externally aided development projects in developing countries. It identifies common challenges associated with M&E such as fragmented data, delayed reporting, and weak coordination and demonstrates how PMIS can address these limitations through automation, real-time data access, and improved accountability. The paper discusses a case study of the World Bank-funded Uttarakhand Decentralized Watershed Development Project (UDWDP Phase-2) in India and it analyses the structure and functionality of a customized PMIS developed by the Watershed Management Directorate (WMD). The system's integration of financial tracking, field data collection, GIS verification, and reporting significantly enhanced the project's operational efficiency and outcome monitoring. The findings underscore the importance of adopting robust digital systems like PMIS to improve transparency, effectiveness, and sustainability in development project implementation.

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Development Project; FMIS; IUFR; Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E); Project Management Information System (PMIS); UDWDP; Watershed Management Directorate (WMD); World Bank

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The project titled Ingredient Analyzer for Food and Cosmetics using Deep Learning aims to empower users by providing detailed insights into the ingredients of various food and cosmetic products. The main objective of the project is to identify potentially harmful ingredients and allergens, thereby helping consumers make informed decisions. This initiative promotes transparency between manufacturers and consumers while fostering health-conscious and eco-friendly consumption habits. The project is built on a foundation of deep learning methodologies, utilising advanced neural networks to analyse ingredient data accurately. A robust dataset comprising ingredient lists and their corresponding classifications was prepared, ensuring comprehensive coverage of both common and rare substances. The implementation involved data preprocessing, model training, and performance evaluation using metrics like accuracy and precision. The application is designed to offer an intuitive user interface with accessibility features, making it user - friendly and inclusive. Customised analysis and recommendations are integrated into the system, enabling personalized insights for different user requirements. The final product successfully identifies harmful ingredients with high accuracy, offering users clear and actionable information. It also educates them about lesser-known substances, contributing to greater awareness and informed choices. The highlights of the project include its capability to adapt to new data, provide real-time recommendations, and promote environmental sustainability. In conclusion, the Ingredient Analyzer is a step toward healthier living and responsible consumerism. Future enhancements could involve expanding the scope to include more product categories, incorporating real-time ingredient scanning through image recognition, and leveraging user feedback to refine the system. This project demonstrates the potential of deep learning in solving real-world challenges and bridging the gap between consumers and manufacturers.

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Ingredient Analyzet, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence

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The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) poses both transformative opportunities and constitutional challenges in democratic societies.This research article examines the interplay between AI and the Indian Constitution with a focus on three fundamental rightsfreedom of speech, equality, and the right to privacy in the digital age. The study begins with an introduction to AI's rapid integration into governance, economy, and society, emphasising its potential to enhance efficiency while also creating risks of surveillance, misinformation, and algorithmic control.it's provides the constitutional foundation by tracing how rights under Articles 14, 19, and 21 have historically evolved and how judicial interpretation has safeguarded them against technological overreach.explores the impact of AI on freedom of speech, analysing online censorship, content moderation, and the chilling effects of automated regulation.focuses on equality, highlighting how algorithmic bias and opaque decision-making processes can reinforce discrimination, thereby violating constitutional guarantees of fairness.examines the tension between AI-driven surveillance and informational privacy, particularly in light of the Supreme Court's recognition of privacy as a fundamental right in K.S. Puttaswamy v Union of India. reviews the existing regulatory framework including the IT Act, IT Rules, and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act while identifying key gaps in AI governance. Ultimately, the article concludes that AI is not merely a technological issue but a constitutional one, and its governance must be guided by India's constitutional principles of liberty, equality, and dignity.

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Artificial intelligence, Freedom of speech,Governance, framework,data protection, Union of India.

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Abstract: Introduction: The gut microbiome--comprising trillions of microorganisms--plays a vital role in digestion, immunity, metabolism, and the gut-brain axis. Ayurveda similarly emphasizes Agni, Ama, Doshas, and Srotas in maintaining health, with the colon (Apana Vata seat) central to systemic balance. Methods: Classical Ayurvedic texts were reviewed along side five modern microbiome studies and expert lectures. Concepts were mapped to microbial physiology, and two case studies illustrated integrative approaches. Results: Clear parallels emerged between Agni and microbial metabolism, Ama and endotoxemia, Doshas and gut function, and Srotas and intestinal permeability. Ayurvedic interventions--Basti, Rasayana herbs, and dietary modulation-- improved microbial diversity, metabolic markers, and psychophysiological symptoms. Prakriti typing correlated with distinct microbial patterns. Discussion: Ayurveda and microbiome science converge on a personalized, preventive model for gut health, integrating ancient diagnostics with modern analysis for holistic care.

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Keywords: Ayurveda; gut microbiome; Prakriti; Agni; integrative medicine.

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This research paper attempts to explore Michel Foucault's concept of Biopower in the novel The Handmaid's Tale written by Margaret Atwood. This dystopian novel portrays a totalitarian society named Gilead where women are denied their bodily autonomy by objectifying them as commodities for reproduction. Biopower is the system of operating power on a population by regulating and controlling their bodies. This happens in a normative pattern that its affects the population in a devastating manner. In the novel, Gilead's oppressive regime enforces strict gender roles and religious doctrines to justify the commodification of women's body for reproductive purpose. The state establishes control and surveillance over the population by subjecting women to reproductive servitude in the name of cultural and religious norms. Thus women's body becomes a contested terrain of domination. The paper aims to provide an understanding about the biopower mechanisms established by an oppressive state in the name of social welfare and societal stability. The paper also highlights the intersection of power, gender, race , class and religious discourses in a hierarchical world. By exploring the biopower mechanisms in the novel, the paper serves as a powerful warning against the dangers of power structures that tend to control and commodify individual bodies and their reproductive capacities in the name of maintaining order and control in the contemporary world.

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Biopower, Body, Surveillance, Power

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Abstract This study explores the development and application of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) strategies to enhance listening and speaking skills of high school students' learning English as a second language. Through the implementation of communicative tasks such as role plays, interviews and listening activities, the study evaluates improvement of students in oral and aural proficiency. A mixed-method approach was employed involving pre- and post-tests, teacher observations and student feedback. Results indicate significant improvement in student fluency, pronunciation, comprehension, and confidence, affirming the effectiveness of task-based learning in secondary school English instruction.

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Task-Based Language Teaching /role plays, interviews and listening activities

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Polarization politics has emerged as a significant challenge in contemporary political discourse, characterized by the increasing ideological divide among political factions. This paper examines the causes and consequences of political polarization, its impact on governance, and potential pathways for constructive change in world politics. Through an analytical approach, the study synthesizes existing literature, employs qualitative methodologies, and discusses outcomes that highlight the necessity for collaborative political frameworks. The findings suggest that fostering dialogue, promoting inclusive political practices, and enhancing civic education are essential for mitigating polarization and enhancing democratic governance.

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Polarization politics, ideological divide, governance, constructive change, civic education, political discourse.

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Labor market witnesses a rapid shift over past decades with advancement of traditional labor market to freelance and task based economy. Emergence of digital platform and new technologies contributed to the raise of gig economy and gig workers. It is distinguished by employees who are employed on a flexible, temporary, and contractual basis. Gig work can be defined in a variety of ways, depending on the nature of the work, the work arrangement, and the legal framework. The gig economy is allowing people to earn extra or supplemental income because work is job-specific, employees can work on their own schedules and with multiple contractors which allowing them to control their work hours and pay. This research paper aims to gain insight into the challenges and opportunities face by gig workers and suggests constructive measures for the welfare of these employees. Researcher used a narrative literature review by collecting peer reviewed journals, Government reports, newspaper articles for this study. Outcome of this research paper will be useful for the future researchers, academicians and policy makers by suggesting and exploring measure towards way forward.

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Gig workers, Gig economy, Contract labor, Digital work place, Literature review.

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Tisane is a different name of herbo tea. Due to its biologic properties, it has reached the increased popularity and can definitely fill in the gaps in modern medicine. This drink is made out of any botanical material that is dried leaves, seeds, grasses or flowers, nuts or any other of the many species of plants except the one widely consumed called as tea species, Camellia sinensis. Other than the herbs steeped in hot water, numerous herbs are applied in the preparation of herbal tea.

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Extract, Tea, Seeds, Herbal.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition