Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Cu(II) chloride form 1:1 complex with ligand acetone thiocarbohydrazone. It undergoes from steps decomposition, kinetic parameters like apparent activation energy, frequency factor, activation entropy and order of reaction have been determined employing the graphical method of Freeman-Carroll and Doyle method as modified by Zsako using TG curve. First stage of decomposition has been selected for the determination of kinetic parameters.

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Solid state kinetic, thermogravimetric analysis, acetone thiocarbahydrazone.

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????? ????: ????????? ???????, ?????????????? ?????, ???????, ??????? ????, ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????

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Abstract: The Bhakti Movement popularly called in Assam as Vaishnavite Movement was launched by Sankardeva (1449-1568AD) and his disciple Madhavdeva (1489-1596AD) in the 16th century. They gave Assam Vaishnavism a new interpretation and its distinctive character. The movement headed by Sankardeva was not only a religious reform movement, but also a great socio-cultural revolution of Assam. After passing away of Sankardeva in 1568AD, four panth came to Assam Vaishnavism and subsequently it got divided in to four main panth which is known as Sanghati. This paper has been attempted to study the history of the Vaishnavism in the post- Sankardeva period. In the conclusion of the paper it is revealed that it was the ideological differences for which Vaishnavism of Assam got divided. In spite of this division, the Sanghatis played very pivotal role in spreading and stabilizing the Vaisnavite Movement in Assam. The panth established a network of Satras throughout the entire Brahmaputra Valley, and practically converted more than half of its population to Vaishnavism.

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Keywords: Bhakti Movement, Neo-Vaishnavite Movement, samhati or sanghati, Sectarian division, Satras

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Abstract Mulk Raj Anand was born in Peshawar, now in Pakistan. He is one of the three pillars of Indain English fiction along with Raja Rao and R.K. Narayan. He had received The International Peace Prize, Padma Bhushan, Sahitya Academy award and various other prestigious awards. For Anand his novels were like a mirror in which contemporary Indian society can see its drawbacks and malpractices. His novels are known for addressing social evils and problems like hunger, poverty, untoucahbility, superstition, financial crisis, identity crisis, etc. He slowly became one of the strongest voices of marginalized sections of the Indian society. His two well known novels Untochable (1935) and Coolie (1936) are finest examples of how realistically Anand had presented the socio-economic problems of marginalized ones in post independent Indian Society. His novel Coolie is a story of 14 year old boy Munoo, and his plight due to poverty and exploitation aided by the social-political structures of Indian society. On the other hand Untochable is a story of a day in the life of a young boy named Bakha; presenting the horrifying and realistic problems that an untouchable faces in a caste based society. Although Anand's Untouchable is the voice of just one young sweeper boy Bakha but he represents his whole untouchable community. Anand in his novel Untouchable puts light upon mental, sexual, financial, social oppression which any untouchable suffers every single day of his life and provides a deep insight of an untouchable's psyche. Although, the central theme of both the novels are different yet they have similar observation in the core of the plot, the caste and class distinctions are the root cause of all sufferings and problems of marginalized people like Bakha and Munoo. Mulk Raj Anand is undoubtedly one of the highly skilled novelists in the sphere of Indian English Literature and when it comes to social novels he stands unparallel as a novelist.

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Keywords: Society, Culture, Class, Caste, Subaltern, Untouchability, Economy, Humanism

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Social media has emerged as a vital tool for shaping consumer perceptions, influencing behaviors, and promoting sustainability. In India, where climate change is both an urgent policy issue and a consumer concern, brands are increasingly using social media marketing to align with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13 - Climate Action. This study examines how Indian brands leverage social media to communicate climate-related messages, evaluates consumer engagement and sentiment toward such content, and analyzes the effectiveness of sustainable messaging in strengthening brand image and trust. A structured survey of 150 consumers across Tier-1 and Tier-2 Indian cities, combined with a content analysis of climate-related campaigns by leading Indian brands, provides empirical evidence. Statistical tools including percentage analysis, Chi-square tests, and ANOVA were applied. Findings reveal that while sustainability-related posts generate higher engagement and positive sentiment compared to generic posts, the effectiveness of messaging depends on factors such as visual storytelling, cultural relevance, and perceived authenticity. The study concludes that integrating authentic sustainability narratives with interactive content strategies can significantly enhance both consumer trust and brand equity, while contributing to climate action goals.

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Social Media Marketing, Climate Action, SDG 13, Sustainability, Consumer Engagement, India

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Ethics ensure outer desired behaviors. It includes the disciplined actions of the doers. There are certain human actions which are accepted as universal human values such as honesty, integrity, forgiveness, gratitude, non-violence etc. The traits of a person guide him to become good or bad. The traits of a person like honesty, integrity, forgiveness, gratitude, non-violence are considering desirable in the society make him good whereas traits like arrogance, greedy and angry are undesirable and make him destructive. Unfortunately, in post-independence period in India the desirable behavior has eroded in every walk of life and in particular in the field of politics. The sole aim of politicians today is to make money without consideration to legal or illegal means. As a result, corruption, nepotism and criminal activities are on rise. This paper tries to understand the meaning of the term ethics, the reason why ethics has eroded from Indian Politics and what are measures taken by the government to strengthen the ethical behavior amongst politicians.

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Key words- Ethics, Politics, Human values, Corruption, Criminal activities, Nepotism

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Thomas Hardy's Far from the Madding Crowd (1874) intricately integrates the natural world into its narrative, using the Wessex landscape to shape the identities, decisions, and destinies of its characters. This article employs an ecocritical framework to explore how nature functions as both a nurturing and indifferent force, reflecting Hardy's deterministic philosophy. Focusing on Bathsheba Everdene, Gabriel Oak, William Boldwood, and Fanny Robin, the study examines the roles of the pastoral setting, agricultural cycles, animal imagery, and natural disasters in determining character arcs and narrative outcomes. Key moments, such as the storm and sheep-shearing scenes, highlight nature's dual role as a mirror of human emotions and a catalyst for existential struggles. The findings underscore Hardy's portrayal of nature as a co-protagonist, challenging anthropocentric views and emphasizing the interconnectedness of human and non-human systems.

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Thomas Hardy, Far from the Madding Crowd, ecocriticism, Wessex, nature, determinism, character, fate, pastoral, agricultural cycles.

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Girish Karnad's Tughlaq (1964) stands as a landmark in Indian modern drama, offering a richly layered portrayal of Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq as a tragic hero deeply rooted in both classical and contemporary frameworks of tragedy. This research paper aims to analyze Tughlaq's character through the Aristotelian lens--where the protagonist's downfall is triggered by a combination of a tragic flaw (hamartia), excessive pride (hubris), and the inevitable consequences of fate--while also incorporating modern interpretations of tragedy that focus on psychological depth, moral ambiguity, and existential struggle. Tughlaq is presented as an idealist and visionary ruler whose intellectual brilliance and dream of a just, secular state soon unravels into chaos and tyranny. His failure is not only political but deeply personal, as his aspirations turn into disillusionment and paranoia. His hamartia lies in his detachment from the realities of governance and his overreliance on rationality, which blinds him to human emotions and practical limitations. This descent evokes pity and fear, fulfilling Aristotle's tragic criteria. Moreover, the play functions as a political allegory, mirroring the disillusionment with Nehruvian ideals in post-independence India. Tughlaq's trajectory reflects the collapse of utopian hopes and the rise of authoritarianism masked by noble intentions. The paper further draws parallels between Tughlaq and tragic figures like Oedipus and Macbeth, situating him within a global tragic tradition while emphasizing his distinctiveness as an Indian ruler entangled in caste, religion, and power. Thus, Tughlaq emerges as a uniquely Indian tragic figure whose story resonates with timeless questions of leadership, ethics, and destiny.

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Oedipus and Macbeth, Aristotle's tragic criteria, disillusionment, paranoia, hamartia, Indian modern drama

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Regional films in Indian cinema reflect socio-cultural and political contexts. Marathi cinema has reached an international level due to its diverse themes and the portrayals of protagonists addressing different issues on screen. The portrayal of protagonists from marginalized communities has been depicted at various periods in the Marathi film industry, highlighting their diverse aspects. Over time, and with social change, the representation of these protagonists in Marathi cinema has evolved. In the caste narratives, the portrayal of marginalized protagonists intensely examines societal inequities and struggles against ingrained norms. However, when these narratives are brought to the screen, it is crucial to consider the perspectives of the directors and writers in presenting the protagonist. This research paper will examine the portrayal of protagonists in the films "Mayamouli" and "Suryoday" using textual analysis as a research method.

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Regional films, Marginalized communities, Portrayal, Caste narratives, Protagonist.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Libraries have always been portals of opportunity, opening pathways to knowledge. As we stand in this era of high academic competition and easy access to information, libraries remain potent learning centers, especially for students preparing for competitive examinations. With its traditional collection of books, digitally available information resources, personalized services for all and quite study spaces, this article illustrates how libraries are the backbone to competitive exam aspirants.

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Library, Career development, Competitive Examinations, Competitive Exam Aspirants

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition