Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Orchid sustainable use in Thailand started from tissue culture research in some universities in 1967. Later in 1972, orchid tissue culture business expanded rapidly to over 30 million plantlets and employed over 300 workers in 15 labs with about 2.4 million US dollars. The suitable protocols and low-cost tissue culture were developed, as well as conventional breeding program for outstanding cultivars for international markets by the government organizations, institutions, growers, and private companies. The export value started from less than one million US$ to about 82 million US$ in 2022. Major growing factors in natural growing habitats are concerned for appropriate production technology after tissue cultured plantlets. They are altitude, light, temperature, relative humidity, nutrients, and air movement. At present, saran houses constructed with cement poles, cement benches, galvanized pipes for hanging orchid baskets, and black netted nylon roof with 50-60% shade and open sides are developed for low cost, long lasting, and suitability for growing tropical orchids for cut-flower and potted orchids. The cultivation is mostly for many outstanding cultivars of pink-red, white, and yellow-green flowered dendrobiums and blue, pink, and yellow flowered vandaceous orchids which need hot and humid conditions. A complete cycle of orchid production which need breeding program, tissue culture, planting materials (mainly coconut husks, charcoal, and cement block), plastic containers, watering, fertilizer, pest control, post-harvest technology, and transport from farm to packaging houses are effectively implemented. Thailand is famous for exporting cut-flower orchids applying low-cost cultivation but high production. Orchids continue to dominate other ornamental crops in Thailand due to better technology know-how, suitable climatic conditions for dendrobiums and vandaceous orchids, experienced and skillful growers, and exporters, as well as their nationwide popularity. Apart from all these, orchids are a symbol of Thailand that reflects the country's pride internationally.

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 Keywords

Thailand, orchid tissue culture, a complete cycle of orchid production

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Nanotechnology concerns with the manipulation of materials at the nano scale. It paves a way for the novel approach in sustainable farming to enhance food production. Nano-food is the one that is cultivated, produced, processed and packaged using nanotechnology. Nanotechnology helps to maintain healthy soil-plant system fostered with the usage of nano fertilizers. Nanoengineering addresses the scarcity of water resources, soil erosion and pest management. Nanoparticle carriers increase the soil fertility, plant growth and yield production. Nanosensors help the plants to absorb optimum quantity of fertilizers, water, sunlight, resulting to a huge harvest. Nanoparticles of metal oxides like ZnO2, Alumina Silicates play the role of intelligent biocides for effective pest control with less damage to the soil fertility. DNA sequencing using nanotechnology with nanoparticles like 3nm mesophorous silica nano particles, graphene nanoribbons for crop improvement. The nanoparticles like Ag, Zn, Cu and Silica particles are effectively used for crop protection. Smart Dust nanosensors works for precision agriculture. Nano Graphene used in food packaging increases the shell life of food product and protects the nutrient quality. The efficient use of nanotechnology in cultivating, harvesting, processing and packaging agricultural goods ensures the quality and durability of nano food. This paper outlines the applications of nanotechnology in cultivating and producing nano-based food. This paper discusses the challenges of nanotechnology and the accumulation of nanoparticles in soil, water, and plants. So, nanotechnology and nano-food can be the best promising choice for future food security.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Nanotechnology, nano-food, nano engineering, nano sensors.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Andhra Pradesh, situated along India's southeastern coastline, is highly vulnerable to the multifaceted impacts of climate change. The state's socio-economic structure, heavy dependence on agriculture, dense population, and fragile coastal ecosystem amplify its exposure to climate-induced risks. This paper examines the regional impacts of climate change on agriculture, water resources, biodiversity, and public health, alongside policy responses and adaptive capacities. It further explores sustainable development opportunities through renewable energy, climate-resilient agriculture, and green infrastructure. Drawing from national and state-level frameworks, the paper provides strategic insights into aligning developmental goals with climate resilience in Andhra Pradesh.

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Climate Change and Sustainable Development: Challenges and Opportunities in Andhra Pradesh

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Syzygium cumini, also known as jambolan, is a highly valued medicinal plant widely used in the treatment of various illnesses, especially diabetes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the botany, phytochemical components, traditional uses, and pharmacological effects of Syzygium cumini. A thorough search of electronic databases using terms like Eugenia jambolana, jambolan, common plum, and java plum was conducted. This plant has been recognized for its anti-diabetic properties for many decades and has gained popularity as a natural remedy. Studies have shown that Syzygium cumini is rich in anthocyanins, glucosides, ellagic acid, isoquercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin. The seeds are said to contain alkaloids like jambosine and glycosides such as jambolin, which inhibit the conversion of starch into sugar. Numerous reports in both traditional medicine and scientific research have highlighted the significant pharmacological effects of various parts of the jambolan plant. Further research is needed to isolate and identify the active compounds responsible for these effects, which could lead to the development of safer treatments for a range of conditions, including diabetes.

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Syzygium cumini, Phytochemistry, Medicinal uses

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Biodiversity and sustainable development are deeply interrelated issues. In the modern world, especially in the 21st century, many countries -- particularly developed nations and BRICS countries -- are in pursuit of rare earth minerals for their developmental needs. However, this quest has often led to environmental degradation. Mountains, rivers, forests, oceans, and hills are being exploited relentlessly, leaving little regard for ecological balance. For example, the United States has signed a $500 billion agreement with Ukraine for the extraction of rare earth minerals. Furthermore, the U.S. has withdrawn from key global environmental agreements, such as the Paris Climate Accord, undermining global climate action. Natural disasters are becoming increasingly frequent across the globe. In Japan alone, over 1,000 earthquakes were recorded during June-July 2025, and more tremors are expected. Scientists warn that a major earthquake in the region could trigger a devastating tsunami. The "Big and Beautiful Act" passed in the US in the coming days has rolled back subsidies for electric vehicles (EVs), further hindering progress towards sustainable development goals. Meanwhile, the ongoing conflict between Israel and Iran, along with the 3.5-year-long Russia-Ukraine war, is creating severe economic, humanitarian, and environmental crises. Global warming continues to accelerate at an alarming pace. As per the Glasgow Climate Pact: China has pledged to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2060, India by 2070, and The United States by 2050. However, the U.S. has indicated its intention to withdraw from the climate agreement starting in 2025, raising serious concerns about global cooperation on climate action.

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Biodiversity, SDGs, environmental degradation, carbon emissions, Big and Beautiful Act, Natural disasters

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper discusses the evolving geography of green finance and ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) integration in the post-pandemic fiscal system. Drawing from primary data collected from 100 Indian investors and secondary perceptivity from global ESG marks and regulatory bodies, the study aims to assess mindfulness, perceptions, relinquishment situations and walls to sustainable investing. Findings reveal that while investor mindfulness is adding, factual participation in ESG finances and green bonds remains limited due to information asymmetry, lack of fiscal knowledge and enterprises about returns. Young investors are more inclined toward sustainable instruments and institutional support from SEBI, RBI and the Government of India has started to shape policy. The study concludes with practicable recommendations for controllers and investors to strengthen ESG integration and green fiscal development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Green Finance, ESG Investing, Sustainable Development, Post-Pandemic Economy, Green Bonds.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Genomic diversity, which encompasses the genetic variation within and among species, plays a pivotal role in maintaining ecological stability. This review synthesizes findings from research conducted between 2010 and 2024 to explore how genomic diversity supports key ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling, primary productivity, and carbon sequestration. These functions are vital for ecosystem resilience, especially in the face of disturbances and environmental changes. Studies indicate that ecosystems with higher genetic diversity tend to be more productive and adaptable, offering a buffer against environmental stressors. The review also examines how genetic diversity influences species interactions, including competition, predation, and mutualism. Diverse populations tend to experience reduced interspecies competition and enhanced mutualistic relationships, which in turn contribute to overall ecosystem stability. Additionally, genetic diversity within species enhances resilience to climate change, enabling populations to adapt to shifts in temperature, precipitation, and other environmental variables. Conservation strategies are discussed with a focus on preserving genomic diversity as a means to sustain ecological stability. Innovative approaches, such as genetic rescue and assisted gene flow, are highlighted as essential tools for enhancing genetic variation in vulnerable populations. The review also explores the potential of emerging technologies like CRISPR for increasing genetic diversity in endangered species. Finally, the review identifies critical areas for future research, emphasizing the need for long-term studies and interdisciplinary approaches to fully understand the role of genomic diversity in sustaining ecosystems. This synthesis underscores the importance of genomic diversity in conservation efforts, particularly as ecosystems face the accelerating impacts of climate change.

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Genomic diversity, ecological stability, ecosystem functions, species interactions, conservation biology, resilience, genetic variation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Being the two environmental stressors, desertification and climate change constitute major threats to ecosystems and human communities in arid and semi-arid regions. With rising temperatures, increasingly sporadic precipitations, and constant land degradation, the need for sustainable technologies endowed with resilience becomes more critical. Nanotechnology, from the applied physics point of view, has a great potential to address the core issues of desertification by offering efficient energy conversion, passive thermal control, and environmental sensing technologies of a sort never before imagined. In this paper, we present a physics-based framework and evaluation of three advanced nanomaterials deemed appropriate for optical and thermal devices oriented towards desert and drought-prone environments: perovskite quantum dots (QDs), titanium dioxide (TiO?) nanorods, and graphene-based composites. Criteria for selecting these nanomaterials are based on fundamental physical aspects such as absorption coefficient within a specific wavelength range, charge carrier mobility, and thermal stability, all critical to the operation of high-performance devices subjected to extreme climates. Through graphic schematics and comparative data showing .The paper also addresses the possible applications such as water pumping, building insulation, and energy storage while discussing some of the inherent material limitations such as degradation by the environment and toxicity. Eventually, the paper marks the importance of an interdisciplinary approach for nanomaterials in enhancing climate resilience and advancing sustainable development goals in vulnerable arid landscapes.

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Nanomaterials, Desertification, Solar Energy, Thermal Regulation, Climate Resilience

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Policy Frameworks, climate change, biodiversity conservation, Kolleru Lake, Ramsar site, adaptive management, stakeholder collaboration

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Orchid farming is emerging as a promising horticultural enterprise that contributes significantly to economic growth. It offers farmers valuable opportunities for crop diversification and supports the development of a sustainable orchid industry with the potential to generate substantial employment. In Andhra Pradesh, the favourable climatic conditions--especially in the coastal districts--have encouraged focused research and development efforts in orchid cultivation. Supported by various policy measures, technological advancements, and logistical assistance, orchid farming in the state is steadily gaining momentum as a viable and sustainable agricultural venture. This growing sector has also begun to attract entrepreneurs interested in commercial orchid cultivation. A notable example is a progressive farmer from Eluru district, who began orchid farming on a 7 acres plot with 1lakh plants in April 2024. The high returns he achieved demonstrate the profitability and potential of orchid cultivation for other farmers in the region. Given these developments, there is considerable scope for the orchid industry to expand and thrive across the country.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Prospects of Orchid Cultivation as a Sustainable Agribusiness in Andhra Pradesh

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition