Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

The AI-Powered Safety Analysis of Cities for Women project aims to address the critical issue of women's safety in urban environments through the use of artificial intelligence and data-driven insights. With increasing incidents of crimes against women in public spaces, there is an urgent need for smart technologies that can assess safety levels based on real-world data. This system uses machine learning techniques to analyze multiple factors that influence the safety of a location, such as the city, area type, time of day, frequency of people, presence of police stations and bars, tier classification of the city, and the residential profile of the location. The dataset is pre-processed and cleaned, and features are transformed using One Hot Encoding to handle categorical variables effectively. A Logistic Regression model is trained using a robust pipeline to classify locations as either "Safe" or "Unsafe" with a strong focus on precision and recall for the "Safe" class. The model is evaluated using standard metrics such as accuracy, F1-score, and a confusion matrix to ensure reliability. Once trained, the model is saved and integrated into a web-based application built using Flask. The application provides an intuitive interface where users can select a city and time to predict the safety status of that location. If a prediction is made, the app displays not only the safety result but also a dynamic map view of the city using Google Maps embedding. Furthermore, it offers detailed emergency contact information, including the names and contact numbers of district officials like the Deputy Commissioner, emergency helpline numbers, emails, and official websites, sourced from a dedicated CSV file. By providing real-time, location-based safety predictions, the project empowers women to make informed decisions about their movements in urban areas. It also offers a potential tool for policymakers and law enforcement agencies to identify unsafe zones and allocate resources effectively. The combination of data science, geographic visualization, and public service contact integration makes this project a meaningful contribution toward enhancing women's safety in smart cities.

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o Women's Safety o Urban Safety o AI-Powered Safety Analysis o Predictive Policing o Machine Learning o Logistic Regression o Data-Driven Insights o Feature Engineering o One Hot Encoding o Data Preprocessing o Flask Framework o Geographic Information Systems (GIS) o Google Maps Integration o Crime Data Analysis o Safety Prediction Model o Smart Cities

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अध्ययन में आर्थिक सशक्तिकरण और चयनित सरकारी कल्याणकारी योजनाओं के प्रति जागरूकता के बीच संबंध का आकलन किया गया है। इसके लिए काई -स्क्वेयर परीक्षण का उपयोग किया गया, जिससे विभिन्न आय-स्तरों और योजनाओं के प्रति “जागरूक” अथवा “गैर-जागरूक” होने की स्थिति के बीच सांख्यिकीय संबंध की जाँच की गई। यह परीक्षण प्रत्येक योजना के लिए अलग-अलग किया गया, ताकि यह स्पष्ट हो सके कि किस योजना की जागरूकता किस आय-वर्ग में अधिक या कम है। परिणामों से यह ज्ञात हुआ कि महतारी वंदन योजना को छोड़कर शेष सभी योजनाओं के प्रति जागरूकता और उत्तरदाताओं की आय-श्रेणी के बीच एक महत्वपूर्ण संबंध मौजूद है। इसका अर्थ है कि आय-स्तर बढ़ने के साथ योजनाओं के प्रति जागरूकता भी बढ़ती है, जो यह संकेत देता है कि उच्च आय-वर्ग के लोग सूचना स्रोतों तक अधिक पहुँच रखते हैं और योजनाओं का लाभ लेने में अपेक्षाकृत अधिक सक्षम हैं। यह तथ्य भी परिलक्षित होता है कि जागरूकता और उच्च आय-श्रेणी का संबंध कहीं-न-कहीं शिक्षा स्तर से भी प्रभावित हो सकता है। उच्च आय वाले वर्ग में शिक्षा का स्तर अपेक्षाकृत बेहतर होने की संभावना रहती है, जिससे वे सरकारी योजनाओं की जानकारी प्राप्त करने, उन्हें समझने और उनका लाभ उठाने में अधिक सक्षम होते हैं। यह निष्कर्ष अनुसूचित जनजातियों में न केवल आय-आधारित बल्कि शिक्षा-आधारित लक्षित प्रयासों की आवश्यकता को भी रेखांकित करता है, ताकि आर्थिक सशक्तिकरण का लाभ सभी वर्गों तक समान रूप से पहुँच सके।

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 Keywords

आर्थिक सशक्तिकरण, सरकारी कल्याणकारी योजनाएँ, अनुसूचित जनजाति, आय-स्तर, जागरूकता, ग्रामीण विकास, शिक्षा स्तर

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This paper examines the indigenous communication traditions of medieval India (8th to 18th century) that played a vital role in many aspects of social, cultural, religious and political life. Studying a variety of communication systems such as oral narratives, folk songs, dramatic performances, scenery, symbolic gestures and manuscript preservation, the research highlights their democratic nature, engagement in social dialogue and flow of cultural identity. The process of adaptation and preservation of these traditions amidst challenges posed by colonial influences is also highlighted. The study highlights the relevance of medieval indigenous communication systems in contemporary society and the importance of their preservation, which is essential for understanding the pulse of Indian cultural heritage and social dialogue.

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Medieval India, Indigenous Communication, Oral Traditions, Performative Communication, Symbolic Communication, Folk Culture

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This study examines the role of males in polyandrous marriages in Tehsil- Moorang, District-Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh. On the basis of data collected from 20 co-husbands, used to explore their psychological relationships, economic cooperation, and cultural significance within this polyandrous marriage system. The Findings shows that polyandry supports shared livelihoods, preservation of land, strong cultural endorsement and generally low conflict. However, due to education and changing social values younger generations express challenges, signaling a potential shift away from the practice. The study highlights polyandry as a dynamic institution balancing tradition and modernity

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Keywords: Polyandry, Co-husbands, Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh, Economic Cooperation, psychological dynamics, Cultural traditions, Fraternal polyandry.

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Hamstring tightness, passive stretching, quadriceps strengthening, physiotherapists, Active Knee Extension (AKE) Test

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Matthew Arnold's "The Scholar-Gypsy" (1853) serves as a poignant encapsulation of Victorian anxiety, weaving the narrative of an Oxford scholar who forsakes the rigid confines of modern society to embrace the free-spirited life of a gypsy. This departure symbolizes a desperate quest for meaning amidst the era's tumultuous upheavals--industrialization's relentless pace, the erosion of religious faith following Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859), and the fragmentation of social structures. The poem critiques modernity's frenetic energy through the evocative phrase "sick hurry" (Arnold, line 164), reflecting the exhaustion of a society grappling with scientific skepticism and cultural dislocation. Through close reading of Poems by Matthew Arnold: A New Edition (1853), cited by line numbers, and historical contextualization, this study examines the scholar's escape as a romantic ideal--a yearning for a pre-industrial harmony--while simultaneously portraying it as a futile dream, underscoring Arnold's ambivalence toward progress. The scholar's timeless wandering, set against the speaker's resigned envy, mirrors the Victorian struggle to reconcile tradition with innovation. The findings position the poem as a lament for lost unity, offering profound insights into Victorian identity and the perennial human search for purpose in an ever-evolving world, resonating with contemporary anxieties about meaning in modernity.

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Matthew Arnold, The Scholar-Gypsy, Victorian anxiety, quest for meaning, pastoral escape, modernity critique, determinism, faith crisis, Oxford legend, gypsy myth.

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Abstract The study aims to determine the prevalence of Nomophobia among undergraduate students. The methodology of the present study was a descriptive survey research design. Sample size of the study was 100 systematic random sampling technique was used for selecting samples. Nomophobia Questionnaire was used for collecting data. Data collection method was self-reporting questionnaire method data analysis was done with the help of descriptive and inferential statistics. the result of the study reveals 57 (57.00%) of the total sample have moderate level of Nomophobia. There was a statistically significance association between level of Nomophobia and demographic variables like age, educational status and most frequent use of mobile phone. Conclusion of the study was awareness program must be conducted for students to educate about Nomophobia and its effects.

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Prevalence, Nomophobia, Undergraduate, Students.

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 Abstract

भारत में पंचायती राज प्रणाली को स्थानीय स्वशासन की रीढ़ माना जाता है, जिसका उद्देश्य ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में लोकतांत्रिक भागीदारी को सुनिश्चित करते हुए सामाजिक एवं आर्थिक विकास को गति प्रदान करना है। 73वें संविधान संशोधन अधिनियम, 1992 के बाद ग्राम पंचायतों को न केवल प्रशासनिक कार्यों का निर्वहन करने का अधिकार मिला, बल्कि उन्हें विकासात्मक योजनाओं के संचालन और जनकल्याण से जुड़ी गतिविधियों को लागू करने की जिम्मेदारी भी सौंपी गई। पंचायतें कृषि, सिंचाई, पशुपालन, ग्रामीण अवसंरचना, विद्युतीकरण, वृक्षारोपण, महिला एवं बाल विकास, खेलकूद तथा कौशल विकास जैसे विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में सक्रिय भूमिका निभाती हैं। प्रस्तुत अध्ययन "पंचायतों के विकासात्मक कार्यों और ग्रामीण संतुष्टि स्तर का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन: बिलासपुर जिले के तखतपुर विकासखण्ड के ग्राम पंचायतों के विशेष संदर्भ में" इसी परिप्रेक्ष्य में किया गया है। अध्ययन हेतु तखतपुर विकासखण्ड के 10 ग्राम पंचायतों से कुल 120 उत्तरदाताओं का चयन किया गया। आंकड़ों के संकलन हेतु संरचित प्रश्नावली एवं साक्षात्कार विधि का प्रयोग किया गया और प्राप्त आंकड़ों का विश्लेषण सांख्यिकीय तकनीकों, विशेषतः काइ-स्क्वेयर परीक्षण, द्वारा किया गया। अध्ययन के निष्कर्षों से ज्ञात हुआ कि सिंचाई योजनाएँ, ग्रामीण सड़कें एवं जलस्रोत, विद्युतीकरण, महिला एवं बाल विकास कार्यक्रम तथा कौशल विकास योजनाएँ ग्रामीण संतुष्टि स्तर से अत्यधिक सार्थक रूप से जुड़ी हुई हैं। इसके विपरीत, पशुपालन एवं कृषि-संबंधित व्यवसाय तथा युवाओं के लिए खेलकूद गतिविधियों का ग्रामीण संतुष्टि स्तर पर कोई महत्वपूर्ण प्रभाव नहीं पाया गया। वृक्षारोपण एवं पर्यावरण संरक्षण गतिविधियों का संतुष्टि स्तर पर सीमित किन्तु सार्थक प्रभाव देखा गया।

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पंचायत राज, ग्राम पंचायत, विकासात्मक कार्य, ग्रामीण संतुष्टि, सिंचाई, पशुपालन, अवसंरचना, विद्युतीकरण, वृक्षारोपण, महिला एवं बाल विकास, खेलकूद, कौशल विकास।

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 Abstract

Timed up and go (TUG) is a quick test used in clinical practice as an outcome measure to assess functional ambulatory mobility or dynamic balance in adults. TUG Cognitive (TUG-COG) a dual-task dynamic measure for identifying individuals who are at risk for falls used in Parkinson's , Stroke patients and patients with vestibular dysfunctions. However, its reliability in middle-aged adults, a demographic often overlooked in research, remains underexplored. Hence, the purpose of our study was to assess the intra-rater reliability of TUG-COG test in middle aged adults. The aim of the study is to assess intra rater reliability of Timed Up And Go Test in Cognitive (TUG Cog) in middle aged adults. 50 Subjects performed TUG COG three times consecutively while performing a cognitive task and time was recorded during each task.The TUG COG test shows strong reliability in middle-aged adults, with an ICC of 0.813 indicating high consistency in measurements. Similarly, a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.813 confirms strong internal consistency, suggesting the test reliably measures cognitive-motor performance in this group.The TUG COG test is a reliable tool for assessing cognitive and motor function in middle-aged adults, demonstrating strong intra-rater and internal consistency reliability. It is valuable for both clinical and research use in evaluating functional performance.

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 Keywords

Intra rater reliability , TUG COG , middle aged adults , Intraclass Correlation Coefficient

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 Abstract

Womanhood is a period in female's life after her transition from childhood to adolescence, after crossing age of 18 years. Sleep disorder is a common and complicated health problem, which causes morbidity, mortality, decreasing functional capacity and quality of life. Depression is a state which affects how the person feels, think and handle daily activities. Women have particular stressors that might affect their sleep patterns and mental health, whether they are employed or not. Therefore, this comparative study is essential for understanding how different lifestyles, responsibilities and stressors influence mental and physical health among working and non working women. The main aim of the study is to compare the sleep disturbance and depression level between working and non working women. The total sample comprised of 60 women (30 working and 30 non-working) from urban area of Ahmedabad city, Gujarat,state, India. The sample of the study adopted through simple random method. Pittsburgh sleep index and Beck's Depression Inventory were used to measure sleep disturbance and depression level respectively.The working women received higher mean score 9.53 as compared to the nonworking women 6.00 and the standard deviation score of working women received 1.07 and the non-working women received 0.78. So we can say that on working women have more sleep disturbance than the non working women.The working women received higher mean score 22.07 as compared to the non working women 12.10 and the standard deviation score of working women received 0.46 and the non-working women received 0.36. So we can say that working women have more depression level than the non working women. The current comparative study comes to the conclusion that working women experience much higher levels of depression and sleep problems than non-working women do.

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Sleep disturbance, depression, working women, non working women _____________________________________________________________

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition