Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

The harmonization of the intellectual property regime has brought in substantive changes in the patent regime in India, making it more industry and innovation friendly. The important changes, such as removing section 5 of the patent act that allows product patents for the pharmaceutical industry, have led to a quick increase in patent applications at the Indian Patent Office for pharmaceutical patents. Further, the recent technological advancements in various fields of research and development relating to medicine and health care technologies are also a reason for the sudden rise in the patent applications. But, with India being known as the pharmacy of the world, traditionally the focus of the discussions and deliberations was often on pharmaceutical components and other inventions related to medicine. But the recent trends in research and innovation in the field show the scope for personalized medicine, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, etc., which point out the need to focus on the patentability of other categories of inventions like medical devices and medical procedures. The study focuses on the key provisions of the Indian Patent Law relating to patent eligibility for different categories of medical inventions while balancing public health and public interest concerns. The study focuses on and emphasizes medical innovations beyond the pharmaceutical sector. The study employs a doctrinal framework to analyze major laws and precedents regarding the patentability of inventions in medical devices, medical procedures, and biomedical innovations, while addressing the associated legal, ethical, and policy challenges.

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 Keywords

Healthcare technology, access to healthcare inventions, medical devices, medical processes, diagnostic methods, Patent classification, Right to health, Medical ethics, surgical procedures, patent eligibility, access to health care technology, right to health, affordable health care

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English is the means of communication. It is the lingua franca of the world. It has been accepted and adopted as an official language by almost all the countries of the world today. India is no exception to it .In India, English is accepted as the second language. The aim of this paper is an attempt to discuss the relevance of English language teaching in India in the present scenario. It focuses on aspects of English language teaching in India. The importance of teaching English language in India to fulfil the ever-growing demands of language; its objectives and problems before the teachers are highlighted and solutions are offered to tackle such situation for better teaching-learning process.

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English language- teaching- lingua franca- objectives -problems-solutions.

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Covid-19 aur bhartiya arthvyavastha : paryatan udhyog par prabhav ke vishesh sandharbh mein

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Covid-19 aur bhartiya arthvyavastha : paryatan udhyog par prabhav ke vishesh sandharbh mein

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The insurance sector plays a crucial role in providing financial security and stability to individuals and families. Among the various types of insurance, traditional life insurance policies continue to hold significant importance in India due to their dual benefits of protection and savings. This study examines policyholder awareness and preferences toward traditional life insurance with specific reference to Coimbatore city. The research aims to analyse the socio-economic profile of policyholders, the level of awareness regarding policy features, and the factors influencing their preference for traditional plans over modern alternatives. The study reveals that while many policyholders are aware of the basic benefits of traditional life insurance, detailed knowledge about terms, conditions, and investment returns remains limited. However, trust in insurers, perceived security, and long-term savings continue to drive preference for traditional plans.

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 Keywords

Consumer Preference, Financial Literacy, Policyholder Awareness, Socio-Economic Factors, Traditional Life Insurance.

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This paper presents a smart and efficient mobile application designed to assist travelers in locating essential roadside service providers such as mechanics, fuel stations, and towing services quickly and easily. Traveling, especially through unfamiliar or remote areas, often presents challenges when vehicles break down or run out of fuel. Finding reliable help in such situations can be frustrating, time-consuming, and costly. This application aims to solve these issues by providing a one-click solution that connects users to nearby service providers through an interactive map-based interface. The core functionality of the system revolves around real-time location tracking and service mapping. The app uses GPS technology to detect the user's current location and display nearby service providers on a map. Users can search and select service providers from various locations, allowing them to plan ahead or seek immediate help based on their needs. Whether they are stranded on a highway or navigating a city, users can rely on the app to find assistance efficiently. One of the major benefits of the application is its ability to significantly reduce both the time and effort required to find roadside help. Traditionally, travelers might rely on word of mouth, search engines, or random service boards to locate a mechanic or fuel station, which can be unreliable or slow. This system simplifies the entire process by centralizing all necessary services into a single platform. It enhances convenience, minimizes stress, and ensures timely support during emergencies. In addition to locating services, the app also allows users to directly communicate their issues to the selected service provider, streamlining the process of getting help. This immediate interaction means that users no longer have to waste time making multiple phone calls or explaining their situation repeatedly. The service provider receives all necessary details through the app and can respond appropriately and quickly. This application is specifically designed for Android smartphones and tablets, ensuring accessibility for a wide range of users. In today's digital world, where smartphones are an essential part of everyday life, having an app that offers such critical support on the go is highly valuable. Whether traveling for work, vacation, or daily commuting, users will find this tool extremely helpful in managing unforeseen vehicle issues. The Smart Service Locator is a powerful travel companion that leverages modern technology to offer a fast, user-friendly, and dependable way to access roadside services. It not only saves time and cost but also provides peace of mind to travelers, making journeys safer and more manageable.

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 Keywords

Real time location tracking, Smartphones, Machine Learning, E vehicle

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Abstract: Parmotrema perlatum (commonly known as black stone flower/kalpasi) is a foliose lichen traditionally used in India and recognized as a source of bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study, GC-MS profiling of P. perlatum extracts identified Thujopsene and Resibufogenin as major constituents. Antibacterial screening against Bacillus species revealed only weak inhibition, suggesting that active metabolites occur at low concentrations in crude extracts. To complement these results, molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina against representative bacterial proteins, including D, D-peptidase Rv3330 (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), Cag? ATPase (Helicobacter pylori), dihydrofolate reductase (Staphylococcus aureus), and DL-endopeptidase CwlO (Bacillus subtilis). Among the tested compounds, Resibufogenin displayed consistently high binding affinities across multiple targets, underscoring its promise as a potential antibacterial lead molecule. Overall, this work demonstrates the value of integrating in vitro assays with computational modeling and highlights P. perlatum as an underexplored source of novel antimicrobial agents requiring further isolation, characterization, and preclinical validation.

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 Keywords

Phytochemical analysis, Molecular docking, Permotrema parlatum, Resibufogenin and Thujopsin.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Egdon heath in The Return of the Native is Thomas Hardy's immortal creation. It is a fictitious area which was included in his famous Wessex. Beyond its literal role as the novel's setting, it has a profound symbolic significance. It may be called the central character in the novel, and all other characters evolve out of it. It is an embodiment of what may be called Fate. It dominates all through the novel and ordains the course of the lives of characters. Like Fate, it is changeless, watchful, sinister, commanding, vengeful, retaliative, inscrutable, mysterious, and so on. Egdon stands for the blind force. Here Fate in the form of Egdon always wants to engulf all the men into its holes and caves. That is why the good (including Clym) as well as bad characters are victims of its caprice and wrath. And due to the merciless operation of Fate, the novel becomes a grim tragedy in spite of the Happy ending by means of the marriage of Thomasin and Venn.

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Heath, fate, inscrutable, victims, grim.

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The Government of India Act, 1919, also known as the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, marked a significant step in the constitutional development of British India. It aimed to increase Indian participation in governance and introduced a dual system of administration called dyarchy in the provinces. The Act divided subjects into Reserved and Transferred categories, with elected Indian ministers handling the latter. It also expanded legislative councils at both central and provincial levels and allowed limited franchise based on property and education. Despite its limitations, the Act laid the groundwork for future reforms and marked the beginning of responsible government in India.

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Government of India Act 1919 Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms Dyarchy Reserved and Transferred subjects Indian Councils Provincial Autonomy Limited Franchise Legislative Reforms British India Constitutional Development Responsible Government

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Successful dental implant rehabilitation hinges on the integration of both hard and soft tissues. Hard-tissue grafting compensates for alveolar deficiencies stemming from tooth loss or trauma, while soft-tissue grafting ensures peri-implant stability and aesthetic harmony. This review comprehensively examines the biological principles, materials, surgical techniques, and long-term outcomes of grafting procedures, with emphasis on recent advances from 2020-2025. Autogenous grafts, while still the benchmark, are increasingly complemented or replaced by allogeneic, xenogeneic, and synthetic substitutes. Cutting-edge adjuncts--including growth factors, platelet concentrates, stem cells, and digitally designed 3D-printed scaffolds--have expanded the regenerative toolbox. Moreover, precision imaging and CAD/CAM technologies enable tailored grafting strategies. This article synthesizes recent clinical evidence, meta-analyses, and expert consensus to guide prosthodontists toward optimized, patient-specific implant outcomes.

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Hard-Tissue Grafting, Autogenous Bone Grafts, Allogeneic Bone Grafts, Xenogeneic Bone Grafts,Xenografts, Alloplastic,Bioactive, Autologous Platelet Concentrates, Soft-Tissue Grafting, Autogenous Mucogingival Grafts, Acellular Dermal and Collagen Matrices.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The utilization of solar energy has gained significant attention as a sustainable alternative to conventional fuels. Solar air heaters are one of the most economical devices for converting solar radiation into useful thermal energy, mainly for space heating and drying applications. However, conventional single-pass designs often suffer from low thermal efficiency due to limited heat transfer between the absorber plate and the working fluid. To overcome this limitation, the double pass solar air heater has been developed. In this configuration, air flows over the absorber surface twice, which enhances the contact period and improves heat exchange. The dual-pass arrangement not only reduces heat losses but also increases the overall system performance. Owing to its simple structure, cost-effectiveness, and higher efficiency, the double pass solar air heater is emerging as a reliable solution for renewable energy utilization in domestic as well as industrial applications. The solid copper rod, matrix integrated with the absorber plate serves to intensify thermal conduction and airflow interaction. This is new arrangement is intended to the boost heat collection capability of the solar air heater.

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 Keywords

Double Pass Solar Air Heater, Solid Copper Rod Matrix, Solar Radiation,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition