Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Folk festivals and Fairs are a component of folk tradition, which is essentially the customs that represent the distinct culture of a certain Indigenous groups that sets them apart from other culture or traditions. It is among the tools that allow us to distinguish the way of life of a specific community. The study is taken on folk festival of Rawain Valley of Uttarkashi District with special reference to folk festival Devlang of Gair Banal. Geographically, the Rawain pargana (District) was a part of erstwhile Tehri principality, which was a populated and geographically wide area during the reign of Tehri monarch (1815-1949 A.D). The Rawain Valley consists of 18 Pattis (Revenue blocks), Banal Patti is one of the 18 Pattis of Rawain Valley, where Devlang festival is celebrated. The study intended to introduce the unique traditions & rituals involved in Devlang and various dimensions like Folk Deity of Banal Patti, the two conflicting Thoks (Sathi and Pansai), who demonstrate their power to establish supremacy over one another, Role of Khund (Militia and one of the important parts of folk deity regency) and Ritualistic role of Nattan (a group of dalit community). This paper tends to outreach different realms of Devlang fair and its importance in Maintaining age old culture and traditions in Rawain Valley. Both primary and secondary sources are used, Primary data is collected by structured interviews with village veterans, priests, and Nattan community and for the secondary source's books, Articles and journals were used.

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 Keywords

Devlang, folk deity, Khund, Sathi and Pansai, Supremacy of power, Nattan.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This qualitative study explores the lived experiences of individuals diagnosed with anxiety disorders through a phenomenological approach. Anxiety disorders, often characterized by persistent fear and worry, significantly impact daily functioning; yet, the subjective, personal experiences of those living with anxiety remain underexplored. The study aims to understand how individuals perceive and navigate their anxiety in everyday life. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 10 adults diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder. Thematic analysis revealed several key themes: a pervasive sense of losing control, heightened vigilance in social interactions, and the emotional toll of managing anxiety in relationships and work. Participants described coping mechanisms such as avoidance and self-soothing behaviors as both adaptive and maladaptive. Findings suggest that anxiety is not only an internal, emotional experience but also deeply intertwined with social and relational contexts. This research highlights the importance of considering the subjective experiences of individuals with anxiety disorders in therapeutic settings. It provides insights into the psychological and emotional challenges of living with anxiety, offering implications for clinical practice and support systems. Future research should focus on diverse populations and explore the impact of interventions grounded in lived experience.

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 Keywords

Anxiety disorders, Phenomenology, Lived experiences, Coping mechanisms, Mental health

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

E-sports has rapidly evolved from a niche entertainment activity into a multi-billion-dollar global industry, attracting millions of players and spectators. Beyond its entertainment value, e-sports has become a powerful marketing and branding platform, enabling companies to engage consumers in highly interactive ways. This paper examines the role of e-sports in fostering brand loyalty, with a specific focus on Riot Games, the publisher of popular titles such as League of Legends and Valorant. The study employs a mixed-method approach, combining primary data from a survey of 120 respondents in Hyderabad with secondary sources including academic literature, industry reports, and Riot Games' corporate data. Results demonstrate that e-sports significantly contributes to brand loyalty through mechanisms such as community engagement, competitive ecosystems, transmedia storytelling, and reward-driven participation. Respondents highlighted that Riot's tournaments and in-game events foster trust, long-term engagement, and positive brand associations. However, the study also identifies challenges, including the risk of over-commercialization, cultural limitations in audience reach, and sustainability of engagement in a rapidly changing gaming industry. The findings underscore the importance of integrating e-sports into broader marketing strategies as a means of cultivating emotional connections and customer retention. The paper concludes that e-sports represents a unique branding tool that goes beyond traditional advertising, leveraging digital-native communities to build trust and advocacy. Future research is recommended to compare the impact of e-sports branding across industries and to assess its long-term contribution to loyalty in diverse cultural contexts.

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 Keywords

E-sports, Brand Loyalty, Riot Games, Consumer Engagement, Digital Marketing, Gaming Communities

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study has been conducted in Churu, the desert district of Rajasthan, India, where the Thar Desert is spread all around. Butterflies are very unique creatures that attract everyone's attention. Plain tiger butterflies (Danaus chrysippus) are one of the most attractive and beautiful insect which are found in abundant numbers in this area. These are classified in the order Lepidoptera of the class Insecta in the phylum Arthropoda. The study was conducted to investigate the feeding behavior of plain tiger butterflies (Danaus chrysippus). The data were collected by direct observation of larvae and adults. Their food habits were directly observed during field studies by researchers. In this study, the researchers found that these butterflies consume the nectar of flowers as food through their proboscis. Plain tiger butterflies (Danaus chrysippus) feed also on nectar of plants. The authors also found that their larvae rapidly eat the leaves of plants.

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 Keywords

Butterflies, Danaus chrysippus, Taranagar, Churu, Insecta, feeding, proboscis, nectar.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Parivarik mulyon me parivartan:ek adhyayan

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Parivarik mulyon me parivartan:ek adhyayan

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Samaj Per Social Media Ke Prabhav Ka Adhyayan

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Samaj Per Social Media Ke Prabhav Ka Adhyayan

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The rapid growth of financial technology (fintech) is transforming the landscape of corporate finance worldwide. From blockchain-enabled transactions to algorithmic lending and AI-driven risk analysis, fintech tools are reshaping how firms manage capital, raise funds, and interact with investors. This paper examines the role of fintech in corporate finance with a focus on India, where fintech adoption is accelerating across banking, lending, and investment sectors. The study highlights how fintech improves efficiency, transparency, and accessibility in capital management while also introducing new challenges such as cybersecurity and regulatory compliance. Using secondary data analysis, the study reviews key fintech applications in corporate finance, explores literature from the past decade, and presents insights through tabular analysis. Findings reveal that fintech enhances financial decision-making, expands funding opportunities for corporations, and integrates digital ecosystems into strategic finance. However, it also requires firms to adapt to evolving technologies and frameworks.

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 Keywords

Corporate finance, Fin-tech, Adaptation, Evolution.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In EV and HEV applications, battery optimization has increased. Lithium-ion batteries, in particular, are increasingly used as an energy storage system in green technology applications because of their high power and energy density. Drawbacks are seen in electric car applications during the storage system's charging interval period. Multi-state charging is seen to be the best option in these circumstances. The state charging of lithium-ion batteries and their criteria for charging and discharging for long battery life are discussed in this study using the MATLAB Simulink tool. The state-of-charge (SOC), which is measured and used to assess charging and discharging characteristics, is a crucial factor in determining a battery's performance. Therefore, an accurate SOC estimate is required to safeguard the battery and avoid overcharging and undercharging it. Additionally, by doing this, the battery's lifespan will be extended. Multi-state charging is used for applications that demand greater efficiency.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

MATLAB, Li-ion, state-of-charge, electric car

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Individuals with intellectual disabilities face significant barriers to employment, including limited access to education and training, social stigma, and lack of support. Pre-employability training programs aim to address these challenges by providing skills and knowledge necessary for successful employment. This study investigates the need for pre-employability training among individuals with intellectual disabilities from the perspective of their parents. A survey research design was employed, using a questionnaire to collect data from 30 parents of individuals with intellectual disabilities. The results show that the majority of parents (53%) felt that individuals with intellectual disabilities face no need for pre-employment training programs, while 47% expressed a low need for such programs. None of the parents indicated a medium or high need for pre-employment training programs. The findings suggest that parents generally believe that individuals with intellectual disabilities have either no need or low need for pre-employment training programs. The findings reflect those of some previous studies that parent's perspectives tend to be more optimistic than other stakeholders. Further studies incorporating perspectives other stakeholders such as special education teachers and employers with triangulation need to be done to comprehensively understand the need for pre-employment training programs for individuals with intellectual disabilities.

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 Keywords

Pre-Employability Training, Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities, Parental Perspective

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The curing practice of tribal communities in Kerala Include a deep historical connection of ancient South Indian Medical knowledge . This Study try to find the origin of tribal medicinal knowledge from ancient period subsistence and religious ritual worlds to its complex entanglements with Ayurveda and present day bio-medicine. Focusing on the Kani , Kurichiya , Malayaraya , Paniya , and other tribal groups, it re-constructs continuities in plant lore , diagnosing ideas , Ritual practice, and Ecological ethics. Findings on oral histories , Colonial Ethnographies, and recent Ethnobotanical Studies, the study poinout that tribal medicinal knowledge is a surviving archive preserve health in forest and peasant communities while offering models of ecological reciprocity and community care. The scope, specificity, and durability of this knowledge can be demonstrated by a comprehensive catalogue of medicinal plants, which includes uses, targeted ailments, and historical notes. The Kani are believed to be the most advanced in medicinal knowledge among Kerala's tribes, according to a comparative analysis, while other groups possess notable specializations in bone-setting, fever management, and ritual healing.

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 Keywords

Tribal medicine; Kerala; ethnobotany; Ayurveda; colonial encounters; oral tradition; historical method

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition