Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) has emerged as a vital pedagogical approach to addressing the needs of increasingly diverse student populations. This article explores the theoretical underpinnings, practical applications, and measurable impacts of CRT in K-12 and higher education settings. Through a comprehensive literature review and analysis of a qualitative case study conducted in five government and private secondary schools across urban and semi-urban areas of Dehradun District, the paper argues that CRT not only improves student engagement and achievement but also fosters inclusive learning environments that challenge systemic inequities. The article concludes with recommendations for educators; school leaders and policymakers committed to transforming education through culturally responsive practices.

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 Keywords

Culturally Responsive Teaching, Equity in Education, Multicultural Education, Inclusive Pedagogy, Student Engagement, Diversity in Classrooms

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Authentication is one of the most critical aspects of modern information security, ensuring that only legitimate users gain access to sensitive systems. Conventional single-mode authentication methods such as passwords or fingerprints are increasingly vulnerable to spoofing and hacking attempts. To overcome these limitations, multimodal biometric systems combine physiological and behavioral traits, thereby enhancing robustness. This paper presents a unified dual-mode authentication framework that integrates finger vein recognition with synchronized speech signals. The system also incorporates a two-step verification approach using KCP-DCNN with QR code validation to provide additional security. Ensemble-based classification is introduced using CNN, DBN, and Bi-LSTM tuned with SU-NBO optimization to improve accuracy and reduce error rates. Experimental results show superior performance with accuracy exceeding 97%, while maintaining low equal error rates across modalities. The proposed framework demonstrates resilience to spoofing, replay attacks, and environmental disturbances. The study highlights its applicability for high-security domains such as banking, healthcare, and IoT-enabled systems, paving the way for more reliable and secure authentication solutions.

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 Keywords

Multimodal biometrics, Finger vein, Speech signals, KCP-DCNN, Ensemble classifier, SU-NBO

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This study comprehensively analyses the strategic integration of soft power initiatives with hard geopolitical objectives in shaping Indo-US relations during the Modi administration from 2014 to 2024. It demonstrates how Prime Minister Narendra Modi adeptly utilised public diplomacy, diaspora mobilisation, and cultural narratives to bolster India's global image while simultaneously pursuing core strategic goals with the United States. Key successes include significant advancements in defence cooperation, technology access, and a strengthened role in the Indo-Pacific. The paper highlights how high-profile events, such as the "Howdy Modi" and "Namaste Trump" rallies, and the institutionalisation of the 2+2 Ministerial Dialogues, meticulously aligned symbolic gestures with substantive policy pursuits. Despite these achievements, the analysis also addresses persistent challenges, including India's unwavering commitment to strategic autonomy, its continued engagement with Russia, and the impact of domestic political narratives on its international standing. Ultimately, the Modi government's calibrated application of soft power served as a potent vehicle to project national strength, accumulate diplomatic capital, and negotiate from a position of enhanced legitimacy in its evolving relationship with Washington.

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 Keywords

International Relations,Public Diplomacy and High-Profile Engagements,Diaspora Mobilisation,Cultural Narratives and Image Building

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LawBuddy is proposed as an intelligent AI-based legal assistant aimed at solving the persistent challenges faced by those seeking justice--especially individuals unfamiliar with legal systems or wrongly accused. Traditional legal aid remains inaccessible, fragmented, and fails to support complex legal needs such as lawyer recommendation, secure document storage, or timely law updates. LawBuddy integrates AI-driven legal advice, expert lawyer matching, secure cloud-based proof storage, and real-time case and law monitoring in a single, easy-to-use platform. Utilizing Natural Language Processing (NLP), advanced Machine Learning (ML) models including BART and GPT, coupled with scalable cloud infrastructure, LawBuddy empowers users to understand legal scenarios, manage sensitive documents, stay updated, and connect with the right legal professionals. This paper details the design, functionality, technical workflow, and impact of LawBuddy, offering an inclusive and robust solution for democratizing legal assistance.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Legal Chatbot, Natural Language Processing, Cloud Storage, Case Tracking, LawTech, Machine Learning.

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Regulatory affairs (RA) play a pivotal role in the pharmaceutical industry by ensuring the safety, efficacy, and quality of drugs and medical products. They act as a link between industry and health authorities, guiding drug development, approvals, and compliance with international standards. This review highlights the evolution of regulatory frameworks in the USA, EU, and India, along with the global role of agencies such as FDA, EMA, and CDSCO. Strengthening regulatory systems and harmonization is essential for safeguarding public health and supporting pharmaceutical innovation.

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 Keywords

Regulatory Affairs, Drug Approval, FDA, EMA, CDSCO, Pharmaceutical Compliance.

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Beckett's play, Endgame, explores the process of dying and the painful anticipation of death. The feeling of hopelessness is more strongly defined in Endgame than in Waiting for Godot. Endgame depicts the human situation in its most dreadful state. Mac Gowarn asserts, "Godot is the anguish of Waiting, Endgame is the anguish of going "(Reid 1968.71). The whole of the play's action illustrates the death of Western Civilization, as well as the concepts of love, faith in God, familial unity, and artistic creation. The play's action occurs in a 'Claustrophobic environment', namely a bare room featuring two windows positioned high on the rear wall. Hamm, the blind and paralyzed elderly man, unable of standing, is seated in a wheelchair. His servant's clove is unable to sit. Hamm's limbless parents, Nagg and Nell, are situated in two large ash-bins against the wall.

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Absurdity, Human Predicament, Response Existential Anguish, Inexorable Progress, Civilization, Lost Faith in God

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This research paper investigates the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in addressing climate change and promoting environmental sustainability. It presents a proposed framework that leverages AI techniques for climate modeling, sustainable resource management, and decision support in environmental applications. The study reviews existing literature, highlights methodological approaches, and provides findings from a conceptual case study simulating climate data with machine learning models. The results demonstrate the potential of AI in enhancing predictive accuracy, improving policy-making, and supporting sustainable development goals. This paper contributes by proposing an integrative research framework and discussing implications for climate action

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Artificial Intelligence (AI); Climate Change; Climate Modeling; Environmental Sustainability; Resource Management; Renewable Energy Optimization; Machine Learning; Decision Support Systems; Environmental Monitoring; Sustainable Development

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Morphometry is the measurement and mathematical analysis of the earth's surface, shape, and dimension of the landforms. Morphometric analysis requires measurement of linear aspects, aerial aspect and slope of the drainage basin. In all 28 literatures, the researchers analyses the morphometric study for watershed management and prioritization of watershed using morphometric analysis through geoinformatics technology. We focus on matter of fact that is methodology, adopted, raw data used as input and process to study sustainable watershed management. The content of this review paper divided in to threesections namely Introduction, Methodology, and analysis, Conclusion followed by references.

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Drainage Basin, Digital Elevation Model, Morphometry, Remote Sensing and GIS

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 Abstract

Panchayati Raj System in India

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Panchayati Raj System in India

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In this paper we introduce the notion of a completely regular (2,n)-semiring. Also, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a (2,n)-semiring to be completely regular and characterized the results.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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regular semigroup, (2,n)-semirings, idempotent elements, completely regular (2,n)-semiring

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition