Volume 13 | Issue 8 |

 Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate factors associated with academic achievement of foreign undergraduate students in Sudanese universities. A sample of 139 participants from selected countries of eastern Africa namely; Kenyan, Somali and Ethiopia was selected with non-probability sampling and the data collected through questionnaire were analysed through descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Demographic variables investigated in relation to academic achievement were age, gender and year of study. Other factors examined were institutional factors, instructional factors and learning habit of the student. Findings of the study revealed insignificance of gender in relation to academic achievement of students. However, analysis indicated statistical significance of age and year of study in addition to learning habit of the student. However, the study concluded insignificance of institutional and instructional factors in relation to academic achievement. The findings of this study have important implications for higher education institutions in Sudan in general and for the lecturers and instructors whom they are entrusted to enhance the academic performance of the students. Thus, the researcher has recommended at the end of the study some measures that can be taken into consideration in order to enhance the academic achievement of the undergraduate students and foreign students in particular.

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Factors, Academic, performance, foreign, undergraduate, female students, Sudanese universities

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This research paper identifies the issues and problems faced by Indian banks in implementing monetary policy decisions. Using a qualitative and exploratory research design, involving interviews, document analysis, and case studies, the research tries to explore key factors that hinder the effective transmission of monetary policy. The findings reveal that structural constraints, regulatory and policy framework issues, market imperfections, behavioral characteristics, and global factors all contribute to the difficulties faced by Indian banks. The paper recommends a combination of policy measures, regulatory reforms, and institutional changes to enhance the transmission of monetary policy and address these challenges.

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Indian Banks, Monetary Policy, Monetary Policy Implementation, Challenges, Banking Challenges, Transmission of Monetary Policy

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Customers are once again at the heart of the business world with the advent of online networks, which also gives marketers new tools to engage with customers and creatively incorporate them into companies. To put it simply, marketers need to know how online networks have affected customer buying cycle. In contrast to traditional media, online networks focus on giving marketers new avenues to explore to promote a product or service, making it the modern marketing method. Consumer behavior and satisfaction have grown in importance in recent years helping any business secure its place in the market and boost profitability. Organizations are using online networks as a tool for this. It is clear from data that businesses are using online networks to communicate with their customers. Online networks have provided businesses with a new approach to interacting with customers and influencing their buying cycle. People share their experiences, opinions, facts, recommendations, cautions, and any other topic that interests their friends or "connection" on online networks. The marketers use online networks to advertise. Using this advantage, marketers develop marketing strategies that may lead to an increase in their clientele. Online networks is an extremely user-friendly platform for reaching customers. These advantages make it easier for people to get what they want. The extensive review of literature suggests that online networks can be used to forecast buying decisions. It may be possible to find more variables in future research to help explain the buying cycle. The current research can be further extended by considering other online networks platforms like blog posts and reviewing sites to gain a deeper comprehension of the buying cycle of the target audience.

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Online networks, consumer behaviour, & buying cycle.

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In the context of the historical crisis of overdose from the US with synthetic opioids, this article states that the political failure is the main factor that it is not an external subject, and that guilt is falsely dictated by strategic outcomes. It synthesizes data on the regulatory capture of extracts, weakening administration legislation for the fight against drugs in 2016, and the US border feedback loop-combined with the Mexican feedback loop, showing how home institutions incubated Fevanilla subsidies. Recognizing isolated cases related to India, it shows that it is inconsistent with the legal basis of India (NDP, PMLA) and the declaration, the main source of information. In combination with punitive commercial measures against the Indian sector's nephalma, it catalyzed geopolitical compensation in New Delhi with an overemphasis on foreign delivery networks. In 2025, price shocks and the resumption of high levels of diplomacy have been permitted in a cautious yet practical way with China, including discussions on trade relief and important entries, indicating a move towards the balance between Shino and India. It is argued that external US enforcement in terms of internal control will disappear from the coalition space "Nazis in the Indo-Pacific region" and negatively rearrange the levers of Beijing and New Delhi. This article lies in the fact that sustainable reduction in fentanyl requires US internal reform and proofreading diplomacy, but India will support strategic autonomy in the context of the liquid multipolar order following dismissal.

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The rise of robo-advisors in India represents a significant shift in the financial advisory landscape, driven by increasing internet penetration, advancements in digital infrastructure, and the growing adoption of fintech solutions. This research paper adopts a descriptive and qualitative approach, relying entirely on secondary sources such as academic journals, industry reports, government and regulatory documents, and global databases. The study systematically reviews and analyzes existing literature to explore the growth potential, challenges, and regulatory implications of robo-advisors in India's evolving digital economy. The analysis is structured around three main themes. First, it examines the growth potential of robo-advisors, emphasizing factors such as a young, tech-savvy population, digital financial inclusion, and cost-effective investment solutions. Second, it identifies key challenges impeding adoption, including low financial literacy, cultural preferences for human financial advisors, regulatory uncertainties, and concerns over trust and cyber security. Third, it evaluates the regulatory and ethical implications, particularly focusing on data privacy, algorithmic bias, and compliance frameworks. Comparative insights from global markets provide a broader context for understanding India's unique challenges and opportunities. The findings suggest that while robo-advisors have immense potential to enhance financial accessibility and investment management in India, overcoming barriers related to financial literacy, trust, and regulatory clarity is crucial for widespread adoption. The study acknowledges limitations such as reliance on secondary data and the unique characteristics of the Indian market, which may affect generalization ability. Nonetheless, it offers actionable insights for fintech firms, regulators, and policymakers, highlighting the need for a balanced approach that integrates technology-driven automation with human expertise to foster trust and financial inclusion in India's digital economy.

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Robo-Advisors, Fintech, Digital Economy, Financial Advisory, Investment Management, Financial Inclusion, Artificial Intelligence

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Retroperitoneal abscesses resulting from fistula-in-ano are rare but pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This case report discusses a 38-year-old male who presented with lower abdominal pain, fever, and perianal discharge, along with clinical signs of sepsis. Imaging studies, including ultrasound and MRI fistulogram, revealed retroperitoneal collections measuring up to 7.3 cm, extending from the left iliac fossa to the retroperitoneal region. Surgical intervention via exploratory laparotomy facilitated drainage of the collections and ligation of the supralevator fistulous tract. Postoperative management included broad-spectrum antibiotics, aseptic wound care, and radiological follow-up, leading to significant clinical improvement. Retroperitoneal abscesses often present with subtle symptoms and delayed progression, increasing the risk of severe sepsis and mortality. Advanced imaging modalities, such as MRI, are vital for diagnosing complex fistulas and guiding surgical planning. Effective management involves prompt surgical drainage and comprehensive postoperative care. This case underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to ensure timely diagnosis and optimal patient outcomes.

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Bhagndara, Fistula-in-ano, Anal abscess, Supralevator fistula, Retroperitoneal abscess,

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Abstract : Polymer is a long chain molecule that is composed of multiples of simpler units called monomers. Monomers are large number of repeating units of identical structure. Polymers can be natural or synthetic. Multiple biological, synthetic and hybrid polymers are used for multiple medical applications. A wide range of different polymers is available, and they have further the advantage to be tunable in physical, chemical and biological properties in a wide range to match the requirements of specific applications. This review gives a brief overview about the introduction, polymer classification, properties. There is subsequently an overview of the most frequently used polymer classes. The main body of the review then is structured according to the applications, where key requirements of the applications and the currently used polymer solutions are indicated.

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Polymer, Properties,Classsification, Application, Review.

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Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) has emerged as a vital pedagogical approach to addressing the needs of increasingly diverse student populations. This article explores the theoretical underpinnings, practical applications, and measurable impacts of CRT in K-12 and higher education settings. Through a comprehensive literature review and analysis of a qualitative case study conducted in five government and private secondary schools across urban and semi-urban areas of Dehradun District, the paper argues that CRT not only improves student engagement and achievement but also fosters inclusive learning environments that challenge systemic inequities. The article concludes with recommendations for educators; school leaders and policymakers committed to transforming education through culturally responsive practices.

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Culturally Responsive Teaching, Equity in Education, Multicultural Education, Inclusive Pedagogy, Student Engagement, Diversity in Classrooms

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Authentication is one of the most critical aspects of modern information security, ensuring that only legitimate users gain access to sensitive systems. Conventional single-mode authentication methods such as passwords or fingerprints are increasingly vulnerable to spoofing and hacking attempts. To overcome these limitations, multimodal biometric systems combine physiological and behavioral traits, thereby enhancing robustness. This paper presents a unified dual-mode authentication framework that integrates finger vein recognition with synchronized speech signals. The system also incorporates a two-step verification approach using KCP-DCNN with QR code validation to provide additional security. Ensemble-based classification is introduced using CNN, DBN, and Bi-LSTM tuned with SU-NBO optimization to improve accuracy and reduce error rates. Experimental results show superior performance with accuracy exceeding 97%, while maintaining low equal error rates across modalities. The proposed framework demonstrates resilience to spoofing, replay attacks, and environmental disturbances. The study highlights its applicability for high-security domains such as banking, healthcare, and IoT-enabled systems, paving the way for more reliable and secure authentication solutions.

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Multimodal biometrics, Finger vein, Speech signals, KCP-DCNN, Ensemble classifier, SU-NBO

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This study comprehensively analyses the strategic integration of soft power initiatives with hard geopolitical objectives in shaping Indo-US relations during the Modi administration from 2014 to 2024. It demonstrates how Prime Minister Narendra Modi adeptly utilised public diplomacy, diaspora mobilisation, and cultural narratives to bolster India's global image while simultaneously pursuing core strategic goals with the United States. Key successes include significant advancements in defence cooperation, technology access, and a strengthened role in the Indo-Pacific. The paper highlights how high-profile events, such as the "Howdy Modi" and "Namaste Trump" rallies, and the institutionalisation of the 2+2 Ministerial Dialogues, meticulously aligned symbolic gestures with substantive policy pursuits. Despite these achievements, the analysis also addresses persistent challenges, including India's unwavering commitment to strategic autonomy, its continued engagement with Russia, and the impact of domestic political narratives on its international standing. Ultimately, the Modi government's calibrated application of soft power served as a potent vehicle to project national strength, accumulate diplomatic capital, and negotiate from a position of enhanced legitimacy in its evolving relationship with Washington.

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 Keywords

International Relations,Public Diplomacy and High-Profile Engagements,Diaspora Mobilisation,Cultural Narratives and Image Building

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