Volume 12 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Introduction- UTIs are common infections that happen when bacteria, often from the skin or rectum, enter the urethra, and infect the urinary tract. The infections can affect several parts of the urinary tract, but the most common type is a bladder infection (cystitis). Some people are at higher risk of getting a UTI. UTIs are more common in females because their urethras are shorter and closer to the rectum. This makes it easier for bacteria to enter the urinary tract. Other factors that can increase the risk of UTIs: A previous UTI history, Sexual activity Changes in the bacteria that live inside the vagina, or vaginal flora. For example, menopause or the use of spermicides can cause these bacterial changes. Pregnancy Age (older adults and young children are more likely to get UTIs), Structural problems in the urinary tract, such as enlarged prostate Poor hygiene, for example, in children who are potty-training. Methodology- The current research design-pre-experimental with one group pretest posttest design, at the Narayan world school. The total sample size was consisting of 60 sample were selected by using of purposive non-randomized sampling technique. The data was collected through the face-to-face interview method by using of semi-structured questionnaire. The data analysis by the descriptive inferential statistics and paired 't" test, and chi-square test to determine the significant association between the pre-test knowledge score and selected demographics profiles of study participants. Results- The current study revealed that the majority out of 60 study participants, during pre-test knowledge 32 (53.3%) had poor knowledge, 28 (46.7%) had moderate knowledge regarding prevention of urinary tract infection among school going girl children. After that the structured teaching program the post-test knowledge score, more than half of study participant, 43 (71.7%) had adequate knowledge and 17 (28.3%) had moderate knowledge score regarding prevention of urinary tract infection among school going girl children residing at Sasaram. Discussion and conclusion- The study concluded that the structured teaching program was effective and enhancing knowledge of regarding prevention of urinary tract infection and that was more effective and beneficial for them.

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UTI, urinary tract infection, girls, School, Children

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This research delves into the impact of Rabindranath Tagore's literary works on cinema, specifically focusing on their influence on youth and societal well-being. The study initiates by investigating the historical and cultural backdrop, followed by an exploration of the universal themes embedded in Tagore's writings. It scrutinizes the adaptation of his books for the cinematic medium, shedding light on the decision-making process of directors. The research delves into profound themes such as love, identity, and rebellion, concentrating on the impact of Tagore-inspired films on the younger demographic. Examining specific movies, the research unveils their positive reception among younger viewers, providing insights into the cinematic portrayal of Tagore's ideas. Beyond individual effects, the study investigates the favorable impact of these movies on societal dynamics. It analyzes how movie producers leverage themes from Tagore's books to address and bring attention to pressing societal issues. Concrete examples are presented to illustrate how these cinematic adaptations contribute to societal betterment. In conclusion, the research underscores the enduring influence of Tagore's books on society, particularly through their resonance with the youth and their constructive impact on public discourse. The examination of cinematic approaches enhances our understanding of how these literary adaptations successfully translate to the big screen, imprinting a lasting cultural impact.

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Ravindranath Tagore, Noval, Cinema, Culture

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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, accounting for 15% of occurrences worldwide. It is identified by the simultaneous lack of HER2, the progesterone receptor, and the estrogen receptor. Because it precludes the use of effective medications like hormone treatment and anti-HER2 medicines, this feature makes TNBC extremely aggressive and difficult to treat. In this review, we examine established treatments as well as more recently developed strategies for TNBC, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitors, cytotoxin-conjugated antibodies, and PARP inhibitors. The present state of mainstream therapeutics for this condition is contextualized to provide a pragmatic and prospective explanation of the medications' mechanism of action and their use in clinical practice.These developments offer a promising new area for customized therapies that could significantly enhance TNBC patients' results. It's interesting to note that although TNBC presents a difficult issue, it also acts as a paradigm and a chance for translational research and cutting-edge cancer treatments.

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Triple-negative breast cancer ; Prognosis ; PARP inhibitors ; Immunotherapy; chemotherapy; limitations.

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Extrusion technology is well known that has been developed over the last century and spans many diverse industrial fields. The main application of extrusion technology in the pharma field is of hot-melt extrusion. Hot-melt extrusion technique is utilized by much pharmaceutical industry for manufacturing various dosage forms. Many formulations developed using HME are introduced in the market. The twin-screw extrusion technology is used widely in hot melt processing. Various processing factors in twin-screw extruders impacts product quality. During the development of the HME process, one must consider drug and excipient's thermal profiles, barrel temperature, screw speed, and feed rate. Scaling up the extruder process is a critical task that requires an understanding of screw geometry, volumetric dimensions of the screw, the power required, and heat transfer and generation. Nowadays, simulation software like Ludovic and Polyflow have developed, which can mimic the product movement and heat distribution in extruder and help in scaling the process. The regulatory authority is these days enforcing quality by design approach, which applied to HME. As it is continuous, process monitoring at each step is an important part, and therefore process analytical tool as part of QbD are developed. NIR, RAMAN, UV spectrometry methods generally used. Many novel formulations have been developed using extruders. Therefore the proper understanding of scale-up and process design will provide insights to solve various formulation problems

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Keywords: twin-screw extruder, hot-melt extrusion, Ludovic, Polyflow, Process, analytical tools.

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In this study an attempt was made to evaluate antifungal assay of crude extract of some medicinal plants which are 0490 very common in our area. The extract tested possess various degree of anitifungal activity. Medicinal plants exhibit antifungal activity since they contain innumerable biological active (compound) chemical constituents. Plants selected for antifungal assays are commonly present. These plants include Lantana indica, Ailanthus excelsa, Annona squamosa. The collected plants were indentified with the help of flora of Madras Presidency. Plants collected were used for the evaluation of antifungal properties. The plants were shade dried and then powdered and crude extract, alcoholic extract were prepared. Seed Mycoflora of Groundnut, Jawar and Tur were isolated by blotter paper method. The fungi associated with seed are Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus, Pencillium, Altaria, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Cephalosporium etc. The seeds are treated with these plant extracts fo 5, 10 & 15 min., the seeds treated the Lantana indica inhibit the growth of many dominant fungi like Fusarium, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Curvularia etc. From this study it is noted that the plant extracts are used as antifungal agents and these plants extracts are not hazardous like Pesticides.

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Seed, Plant, Pesticides

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Diarrheal diseases rank among the top three causes of death in pediatric population of the developing world. It is defined as the passage of three or more loose or watery stools per 24 hours, resulting in excessive loss of fluid and electrolytes in stools. Atisara explained in Ayurveda can be correlated to diarrhea, where 'Ati' means excess and 'Saranam' means flow i.e., a condition where watery stools passed in excess. Acharya Dalhan on his commentary on Sushruta Samhita stated that passing of watery stools in increased quantity is a characteristic feature of Atisara. The term Balatisara is found at first in Harita Samhita in context of treatment. The term Balatisara literary means Atisara occurring in children but it has not been mentioned as a separate entity in Brihattrayi. Though several scattered references of term Balatisara are found in context of treatment of Atisara in children in Laghuttrayi, Atisara (Diarrhea) has been dealt in much detail in Ayurvedic literature, but not in term of children specially. However, in Kaumarbhritya certain specific disorder in which Atisara is major symptom have been mentioned in Ayurvedic literature. Atisara is described as a symptom in many diseases like Dantobhedjanyatisara, Ksheeralaska, Vyadhiifaka, Revati, Putna, Balagraha etc. Most important factor in the pathogenesis of Atisara (diarrhea) is Mandagni. Mandagni is root cause of Amadosha and it is the crucial factor for manifestation of most of the diseases including Atisara. The Etiological factors are basically classified as Dietetic (Aharaja), Behavioral (Viharaja), and Psychological (Manasika) etc. The word 'Krimi' is an important factor for the Atisara, in children considered by Acharya Charaka and Acharya Sushruta.

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Key words- Atisara, Balatisara, Ayurvedic, Mandagni.

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This paper covers the two aspects of the work of social thinkers broadly dividing on the basis of its applicability to the society for its overall development. The work of social thinkers show their role in making the nation such as the work for social reform, need and current faces of democracy and social services they offered in their lifetime. India is the largest democracy over world. Its democratic set up has the base of social functionality, that can become the contribution of the social thinkers.

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Democracy, Social, Services

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A STUDY TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF STRESS AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS ATTENDING Cardiology OPD, SVIMS, TIRUPATI was undertaken by Mr.R.ALEN LEZZEL as a partial fulfilment of degree of Master of science in Nursing, SVIMS university during the year 2022-2023 OBJECTIVES: ? To assess the level of stress in hypertensive patients. ? To find out the association between level of stress among hypertensive patients with selected socio demographic variables. Review of literature provided an in depth knowledge for the development of the research tool. The conceptual frame work which is adopted for the present study was based on Modified LUDWIG VON BERTALANFFY General System theory (2023) and it provides comprehensive framework for achieving the objectives of the study. The research approach adopted for this study was Cross Sectional Descriptive research design. The study was conducted in Cardiology OPD at SVIMS using structured questionnaire and the sampling technique was Non Probability Convenience sampling technique. The tool used in this study consists of two sections : Section - I contains sociodemographic variables, Section - II contains modified perceived stress scale (S.Cohen 1983) The reliability of the instrument was established by administering the tool to 15 patients who are attending Cardiology OPD who were not included in the pilot study and who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Internal consistency of the tool was established through split half method by using Cronbach's alpha formula r = 0.84 and the tool was found to be reliable. The actual study was done on 355 patients who were falling under inclusion criteria. The collected data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study findings revealed that 57 (16.1%) patients had low stress, 162 (45.6%) patients had moderate stress, 136 (38.3%) patients had high stress with a mean score 22.71 + 5.93 respectively. The findings of association between the level of stress and demographic variables with the age, gender, formal education, occupation, family income, shows highly significant association at p<0.01level; place of residence, type of work , shows significant association at p<0.05 level and the other variables such as marital status, religion, type of family ,type of diet do not have significant association. RECOMMENDATIONS: o o The nurse posted in the Cardiology OPD could spare sometime for teaching and guiding related to stress management in hypertensive patients. A structured teaching programme can be conducted on management of stress among hypertensive patients in different settings and different population. oA comparative study can be conducted on level of stress among hypertensive patients and patients with other comorbidities

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Assess, stress, hypertension and patients

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We define G as a graph, where V denotes the collection of vertices and E represents the collection of edges. If b is the adjacent observed vertex for every vertex a such that the difference between degrees a and b is less than or equal to 1 that is|d(a)-d(b)|<=1, then the equitable power dominating set S is a subset of V in G is power dominating set. The new concept of "Equitable Power Edge Domination" is defined as follows: If an edge f1 that is not in S' is observed to be adjacent to an edge f2 such that| |d(f1)-d(f2)| <= 1 , the edge equitable dominating set S'? E in G is said to be a "Equitable Power Edge Dominating set". Equitable power edge domination number of graph represented by ?'_eped(G), represents the fewest elements of an equitable power edge domination set of graph.

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Equitable Power Domination, Power Edge Domination, Equitable Power Edge Domination Number

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BACKGROUND: In India, there had been a steady rise of 1.5 times post Covid-19 2020 from 2016 to 2021. the smartphone had proven to be the most dependable device for communication, entertainment, and various other functions. Children and adolescents today increasingly influenced, which ultimately leads to spent more time at phone. In healthcare professionals, it is found that 35-45% of physicians, nurses, and midwives suffered from neck, shoulder, and upper back pain. Also a significant increased in the incidence of emotional problems among excessive smartphone users like depression, sleep problems, anxiety, and a high level of perceived stress. OBJECTIVES: To find out the impact of smartphone addiction on neck pain and disability in healthcare professionals which were already at the many Musculo-skeletal disorders. Also, to suggest and conclude the study with its emerging findings. METHODOLOGY: An observational study was conducted on health professionals in Banas kantha District, using a SAS-SV online questionnaire. Data was collected with 10 questionnaires filled out using Google Forms as a web-based questionnaire. RESULT: The final analysis of the data shown that 19.8% in the no addiction, 55.9% in high risk of addiction and 24.3% of professionals were in addicted category. CONCLUSION: There was a moderate correlation between the smartphone addiction and neck disability among the health professionals. Ergonomic education for professionals regarding usage of smartphones and awareness about the possible musculoskeletal problems is required.

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Smart phones, Prevalence, Analysis, Addiction

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