Volume 13 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

This work describes the design and analysis of phase-locked loops. These PLLs are useful in applications such as precise frequency synthesis, phase-aligned clock generation, and robust phase alignment in, not limited to, wireless communica-tions, RF front-ends, and high-speed data converters. It is realized in a form that provides process compatibility with modern integrated circuit processes, implemented in SCL-180nm CMOS technology, which properly balances power consumption against phase noise performance. The different parameters of the developed PLLs are comprehensively simulated for performance evaluation, including phase noise, locking time, and spurious signal suppression.

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 Keywords

PLL, Phase-Locked Loop, Fractional-N, Integer-N, Frequency Synthesis, SCL-180nm, VLSI, Charge Pump.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Industrial processes, daily use products and occupational exposures have bring human and many chemicals very much closer than never before. This study focuses on such chemicals - Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) and Occupational Hazardous Chemicals (OHCs) and attempts to find Ayurvedic management of poisoning in patients who have been exposed to these chemicals. EDCs' and OHCs' tend to accumulate in our body in fatty tissues - a phenomenon known as Bioaccumulation. Later they may be released into bloodstream. In this way, once entered into human body, they last life long and keep damaging body tissues, leading to organ failure and even death. EDCs are found in many everyday products, including plastics, detergents, flame retardants, food, toys, cosmetics, and pesticides. EDCs can alter the hormonal signals that control and guide much of our growth and development, the way our organs function, and our ability to fight disease. Exposure to EDCs is linked with cancers, diabetes, reproductive disorders, neurodevelopmental impairment, and immune system suppression. Also, the OHCs are proven detrimental to human health. EDCs and OHCs chemicals has close resemblance with Dushi Visha and Gara Visha in terms of symptoms, complications produced by them.

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 Keywords

Key words - Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals, Occupational Hazardous Chemicals, Bioaccumulation, Dushi Visha, Gara Visha

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) are context-specific, embodied epistemologies transmitted orally through communal practices. This paper examines the representation of IKS in three Malayalam novels--Nellu (P. Valsala), Khasakkinte Itihasam (O. V. Vijayan), and Aathi (Gift in Green) (Sara Joseph)--to highlight how these narratives foreground ecological wisdom, gendered epistemologies, and resistance to environmental degradation. Through literary analysis of narrative structure, character development, and symbolism, it is shown how these novels retrieve vernacular knowledge, critique hierarchical worldviews, and advocate epistemic diversity. As repositories of Kerala's indigenous worldviews, they assert cultural sustainability and foreground ecologically just futures.

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 Keywords

Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Malayalam Literature, Ecofeminism, Sacred Resistance, Agrarian Ontology, Decolonial Epistemology

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 Abstract

This project focuses on four main parts. The first is to analyse customer perceptions on E-commerce. The second is to evaluate the customers' EXPERIENCE and challenges faced on E-commerce over internet. The third is to know the issues of customers faced. The fourth is to find out how growth of e-commerce. This study aims to explore and analyse customer perception and experience within the e-commerce industry, focusing specifically on the Kandalakoya region. With the rapid growth of digital marketplaces, understanding consumer behaviour and satisfaction levels has become crucial for e-commerce businesses to sustain and enhance their competitive edge. The research investigates key factors influencing customer perceptions, including website usability, product variety, pricing, delivery services, and after-sales support. Through a combination of quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews conducted with consumers from the Kandalakoya region, the study identifies the prevailing trends, preferences, and challenges faced by customers when engaging with online platforms. The findings reveal critical insights into customer expectations and highlight areas for improvement to foster better user experience. This research contributes to the broader understanding of e-commerce dynamics in emerging regions and offers practical recommendations for stakeholders aiming to optimize service delivery and customer satisfaction.

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 Keywords

E - Commerce, Customer Perception and Experiance

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 Abstract

This paper talks about the complicated interweaving of caste, gender and class in Dalit women's account, centering on the terrible impact of Brahmanical patriarchy and their journey towards change and resistance. Through critically examining the works of Dalit women writers- The Prison We Broke by Baby Kamble and The Weave of My Life by Urmila Pawar, their account gave an insight how Dalit women face triple marginalization, they went through numerous layers of repressions that made them feel excluded from the society. The research delves into the culture and tradition of Mahar, exposing the ingrained caste and gender inequality. By treading on the transformative change from silence to speech, the study discloses how Dalit women not only represent the saga of their suffering but also exhibit courage to fight for Dignity and equality.

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 Keywords

Brahmanical patriarchy, marginalization, oppression, resistance, equality, Dalit literature.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Fish species identification via machine learning is critical for fisheries management, biodiversity assessment, and automated ecological monitoring. In this work, we employ a two stage pipeline: first, images are preprocessed by contrast normalization (CN) and Unsharp Mask Filter (UMF), and individual fish instances are detected using a YOLOv5 based model. In the second stage, detected instances are classified into species using a fine tuned Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), specifically ResNet50, where NsN_sNs denotes the number of target species. Data augmentation--including rotation, scaling, and color jitter--is applied to improve robustness to underwater lighting variability. Models are trained and evaluated on a dataset of MMM labeled fish images (where MMM defines the total image count), achieving an overall classification accuracy of 98.7% and mean F1F_1F1-score of 0.985. No reference citations appear in this abstract. All variables--CNCNCN, UMFUMFUMF, NsN_sNs, MMM, and F1F_1F1--are defined.

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 Keywords

fish species identification; YOLOv5; ResNet50; CNN; data augmentation; underwater image processing; fisheries monitoring.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

An increase in consumption of junk food by the present generation across many countries, especially among the reproductive age group women has turned into a substantial health problem. The consequences of intake of non-nutritious food can affect the metabolic wellbeing and procreation in young women. Junk foods are usually low in vital nutrients like fibre, vitamins and minerals but very rich in saturated fats, trans fats, refined sugar, sodium and chemical substances. One of the most common causes of infertility has been linked to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity, the first of which has been linked to frequent consumption of junk food that cause disturbances in metabolism, hormonal imbalance, insulin patterns, and increase in weight gain. Furthermore, junk foods may stimulate oxidative stress and systemic inflammation further worsening the reproductive functionality. The paper is a review of the current scientific evidence on the effects of junk food on female fertility, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical and epidemiological evidence, socioeconomic factors and the importance of dietary interventions as a means of preventing infertility as well as to improve the reproductive health

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 Keywords

Junk food, female fertility, PCOS, hormonal imbalance, infertility, dietary habits

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Drug repositioning, or drug repurposing, is a purposeful mission that involves coming up with new therapeutic applications for existing drugs. This is the case since the method utilizes existing safety data and pharmacokinetic attributes in a more cost effective and less time-consuming manner. In this paper, we look at the principles, approaches, achievements and obstacles of medication repurposing with the aim of arguing in favour of its use as a means of fostering therapeutic innovation and improving the efficiency of drug development processes. Drug repositioning is also referred to as drug repurposing and is defined as finding new therapeutic indications for a drug which was developed or approved for other indications. Clinical data, which has been verified for use, is used in this method to accelerate the finding of breakthrough treatments.

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 Keywords

In Silico Drug Discovery, High-Throughput Screening, Clinical Trials, Drug Repositioning, Computational Medicine.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Stress is a common factor in daily life. Sometimes it acts as positive and sometimes it acts as negative. Based on the situation, it acts accordingly. It can cause various health issues. According to the latest study, many IT employees face stress-related issues in their daily lives. This can be solved by various types of techniques like work-life balance, playing stress-relieving games for reducing stress, taking possible breaks between work, etc. These are some techniques to avoid stress. Stress can be positive; it helps to reach the goal in the allotted time. According to the latest study, 50% to 70% of IT employees are facing stress-related issues, which are leading to health issues.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Stress, IT employees, Health issues, Work-life balance, Stress-relieving techniques, Stress-related issues, Positive stress, Daily life, Breaks during work Stress management

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper offers an autoethnographic exploration of the embodied contradictions experienced by women navigating multiple socio-professional roles within patriarchal systems. Drawing from personal narratives of academic labor, entrepreneurship, caregiving, and emotional regulation, the author reflects on the internalized pressures to perform as a "superwoman" in both public and private domains. Anchored in feminist theory, empowerment discourse, and emotional labor scholarship, the article underscores how self-reflection can serve as valid empirical inquiry into gendered subjectivities and sociocultural expectations. The piece contributes to conversations in gender studies, social work, and mental health advocacy, while calling for structural and cultural change in how women's labor is valued and sustained, including the crucial role of male allies in fostering equitable ecosystems.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Autoethnography, Superwoman Syndrome, Gender and Identity, Emotional Labor, Feminist Social Work, Reflexivity, Empowerment, Men as Allies

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition