Volume 13 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Women have always been an integral part of society, though not as much equally represented in the legal sphere--despite the centuries-long struggle they have undertaken. However, the outcomes of their efforts have led to significant legal recognition. This research paper focuses on both domestic statutory frameworks and international legal policies to understand the current landscape. Once side-lined, women's rights have now become a core part of legal structures and jurisprudence. This study explores the evolution and enforcement of women's rights as human rights, with emphasis on the confluence between international conventions and domestic legal mechanisms. Key instruments--such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), and the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD)--are examined for their role in shaping global standards. The paper further analyses how these norms influence national legislation and judicial decisions in India. Constitutional provisions, statutory protections, and landmark judgments--including Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan and Joseph Shine v. Union of India--are evaluated for their contributions to gender justice. Moreover, the study critically assesses the persistent challenges in translating legal rights into lived realities, including societal norms, weak enforcement, and institutional shortcomings. Although women's rights are now widely recognized at the global level, significant gaps remain within various sectors of society. The paper concludes with legal and policy reform suggestions to strengthen the realization of women's rights as fundamental human rights.

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 Keywords

Women's Rights Human Rights Gender Justice International Conventions CEDAW UDHR ICPD Legal Framework Statutory Protections Indian Constitution Landmark Judgments Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan Joseph Shine v. Union of India Societal Norms Legal Enforcement Policy Reform Judicial Interpretation Domestic Legislation Institutional Challenges

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In Ayurveda ,Kwatha Kalpana is described in one among the Panchavidha kashaya kalpana1. Balaashaghna Kwatha is a classical Ayurvedic kwatha prescribed in pediatric conditions such as fever, teething troubles, respratory illness and gastrointestinal disturbances. Despite its efficacy, it faces challenges in administration to children due to bitterness, preparation time, though Kwatha kalpana is pharmaceutically viable and therapeutically effective formulation and has limited shelf life. This study focuses on modifying the kwatha into a palatable and stable syrup formulation Balakasaghna Syrup (Sharakara Kalpana) enhancing its usability, especially in pediatric patients. The formulation retained efficacy while improving organoleptic properties and shelf life.

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 Keywords

Kwatha kalpana, Ayurveda, Balakasagna Kwatha, Syrup.

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Exports financing is considered as essential element for the growth of an economy. There is immense potential for India's export's sector as India's total exports have, increased in manifold in the last 10 decades and currently India contributes a major share to the GDP of the world. Export financing is essential for the exporters as the export businesses with high value that depends on financing. Exports are helpful for the development of an economy. The export trade is facilitated with the availability of export finance at different stages in the form of the Pre-shipment finance and Post-shipment finance provided by export financing institutions on India. The Indian economy is opened up in the early 1990's with the introduction of series of economic reforms in India, which facilitates the growth of international trade. The establishment of two major export financing institutions that accelerates the growth of trade from India are ECGC and EXIM Bank of India. This paper presents a comparative analysis of two major export financing institutions in India's: the Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India (ECGC) and the Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank). Both institutions play crucial roles in promoting exports from India by providing credit risk insurance and export financing, to the Indian exporter in the international market. This study explores their historical development, objectives, functions, services, and their impact on India's export sector. Through this analysis, we aim to highlight their contributions, operational mechanisms, and the synergies between them. This research paper is based on exploratory research, in which we explore the recommendations for trade policy reforms in India and their impact for achieving the targets in international market. The paper elaborated policy reforms in India. An intensive literature review for been conducted and the major findings of the work were included in the conclusion. Through, this paper, the various transformations, which were introduced for the achievements of the defined targets were discussed. These transformations were to promote and safeguard exporters in the international market, with intend to align with global standards for trade.

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 Keywords

ECGC, EXIM bank, Empowerment, Export financing, Pre-shipment financing and Post-shipment financing

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The study on consumer perception of online versus offline shopping experience aims to understand how customers evaluate and differentiate between the two popular modes of shopping. With the rapid growth of e-commerce platforms and the persistent presence of brick-and-mortar stores, consumer behavior has become more dynamic and multifaceted. This research explores key factors influencing consumer choices, including convenience, product variety, pricing, trust, customer service, and overall satisfaction. It highlights how online shopping offers the ease of purchasing from anywhere at any time, while offline shopping provides the benefit of physical product inspection and immediate gratification. The study is conducted using a descriptive research design, with data collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using percentage analysis and visual tools such as bar and piecharts. Both primary and secondary data sources are utilized to strengthen the findings. A sample of 100-150 respondents from diverse demographics is surveyed using a convenience sampling method. The results indicate varying preferences based on age, lifestyle, and product category. While younger consumers show a higher inclination towards online shopping, older consumers still value the traditional offline experience.

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 Keywords

Consumer perception ,E-commerce platforms, Brick-and-mortar stores, Consumer behavior

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The world is changing at a rapid pace; with the fast evolving world the strategies to adjust in it have also undergone a massive change. With rapid advancement in technology and bridging of geographical barriers the way we communicate with others has changed for the better. In this era of the 21st century, there is a growing demand to develop skills of communicating across geographical and cultural boundaries. Thus, it becomes pertinent for the youth of the era to develop certain life skills, cross cultural communication being one of them. The present study seeks to examine the understanding and competency of cross cultural communication among the graduate students of RIE- NCERT Bhopal. It is to be noted that in an increasingly globalized world, effective cross cultural communication has become crucial for growth in personal, academic and professional settings. Through a combination of questionnaires, Focus Group Discussions and open ended reflections, both qualitative and quantitative data was collected and analysed. The findings of this study reveal the strengths and the areas that require focus and improvement. It also aims to highlight certain competencies where training and exposure is required so that students are better prepared to face diverse global interactions.

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cross cultural communication, 21st century skills, NEP 2020

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ABSTRACT : This study explores the impact of social media on the recruitment and selection of job seekers. With the growing use of networks like LinkedIn, Facebook, and Instagram in professional and personal spaces, hiring methods have been evolved to social media .The research aims to assess how organizations leverage social media tools for attracting, screening, and selecting candidates, as well as to understand job seekers' perceptions and experiences with these platforms. Data was collected through surveys and analysed to identify trends, benefits, and challenges faced by both employers and applicants. The findings reveal that social media offers a faster and wider reach for recruiters, enhances employer branding, and provides insight into candidates' personalities and professionalism. However, issues such as privacy concerns, bias, and the reliability of online profiles remain key limitations. According to the study the social media despite its power of recruitment tool, it should be used alongside traditional methods for a fair and effective hiring process

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Recruitment,Selection,social media, technology

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Aim of the study: To assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme [STP] on Knowledge and Attitude regarding Breast Cancer among women (40-65 years). Methodology: A Pre-experimental study was conducted using a one-group pre-test post test design, selecting 60 women through a non-probability convenient sampling technique. Data were collected using a socio-demographic data sheet (12 items), a self structured questionnaire (30 items) was prepared to assess the knowledge. A three-point Likert scale (20 items) was developed to determine the attitude of women. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of GNC SLBSGMC&H and the Executive Officer of the Municipal Corporation, Nerchowk, Mandi (H.P). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results: The majority of participants were aged 40-45 years (48.3%), had high school or secondary education (26.7%), and were housewives (76.7%). Most participants began menarche between ages 13-15 (66.7%). The mean pre-test knowledge score was 9.37 (S.D. 2.033), while the post-test mean was 22.55 (S.D. 2.235), with a mean difference of 13.180. The mean pre-4test attitude score was 33.57 (S.D. 6.326), and the post-test mean was 51.63 (S.D. 3.444), resulting in a mean difference of 18.060. Conclusion: The study's findings revealed that the STP significantly improved knowledge and attitude towards breast cancer. These improvements indicated the program's effectiveness and suggested its potential to reduce health disparities and enhance community well-being.

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 Keywords

Assess, Effectiveness, Structured Teaching Programme, Knowledge, Attitude.

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A study to assess the knowledge of antenatal mothers with primigravida regarding immunization was conducted in the antenatal O.P.D. at a civil hospital in Ahmedabad city. The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge of antenatal primigravida mothers regarding immunization in antenatal O.P.D. at Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad. It was assumed that antenatal mothers would either have adequate or inadequate knowledge regarding immunization, including its dose, route, time duration, indications, contraindications, and complications. Literature was reviewed from books, journals, and the internet. A pilot study was conducted at the urban health centre, Girdharnagar, on Mamta Day. Final data collection was carried out using a structured knowledge questionnaire, with 30 samples selected through simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistical method was employed to analyze the data. The study findings revealed that most of the samples (73%) were mothers aged 21-25 years, while 26% were aged 26-30 years. 40% of the mothers had primary education, 70% were housewives, and 56% were in the gestational age group of 25-36 weeks. The obtained knowledge mean score for pre-test was 9.5, and for post-test, it was 23.5. This indicates that knowledge regarding immunization was significantly improved after the planned health teaching programme.

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Primigravida, Immunization, Antenatal Mothers, Knowledge, Planned Teaching Programme

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In an increasingly competitive market environment, customer experience (CX) has emerged as a critical differentiator that influences brand loyalty. The Indian leather industry, known for its craftsmanship and export potential, faces challenges in retaining customers due to intense competition and inconsistent service delivery. This study aims to empirically examine the relationship between customer experience and brand loyalty in the Indian leather industry, with a focus on mediating factors such as customer satisfaction, trust, and emotional connection. Data was collected from 350 consumers using structured questionnaires and analyzed using statistical tools like regression analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings reveal a strong positive correlation between customer experience and brand loyalty, with customer satisfaction and emotional connection acting as significant mediators. Based on these insights, strategic recommendations are provided for Indian leather companies to enhance their market positioning through improved customer experiences.

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Customer Experience, Brand Loyalty, Indian leather industry, customer satisfaction, trust, emotional connection.

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Countries across the globe have acknowledged that solid waste management is vital to the survival of mankind. This problem needs to be dealt with sincerity and commitment. It is a necessity so that both environmental health and human health are effectively protected. Heaps of solid waste resulting from persuasive marketing techniques and consumerist societies pose serious threats to waste segregation and its disposal. In developing countries, there are still practices of dumping waste in unapproved are-as, putting people at risk for serious health issues and environmental contamination. The objective of the research study was to examine household solid waste management in the existing scenario and evaluate how demographic, socio-cultural, and institutional forces are reflected in their efficacy in South Delhi and Gurugram. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 200 households in both cities. Descriptive and inferential statistics and correlation analysis were used to test relation-ships between variables. The research established major determinants of the effectiveness of house-hold solid waste management in the selected municipalities.

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Household Solid Waste, Segregation, Disposal, Hazards, Challenges.

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