Volume 13 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

The umbilical cord serves as the vital connection between the fetus and the mother, supplying essential nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and trophic factors necessary for fetal development. Although umbilical cord knotting is relatively uncommon, it can occur in two forms. A true knot of the umbilical cord is potentially dangerous and may lead to fetal distress or serious neonatal complications. We present a case involving a 23 year-old woman, pregnant with her second child, where a true knot was identified only after caesarean section. The knot had not been detected during routine antenatal ultrasounds. Fortunately, the newborn showed no adverse effects related to the knot. While diagnosing true knots before birth remains difficult, advances in imaging technologies show promise for earlier detection.

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 Keywords

Umbilical cord,True Knot

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With the increasing burden of mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is playing a significant role in early detection and intervention. However, deploying AI in this sensitive domain raises serious privacy concerns. This survey explores the landscape of AI-based systems for early mental health detection, with a strong focus on privacy-aware designs. It reviews existing models that analyse text, voice, and multimodal data, and evaluates them based on their privacy-preserving capabilities. The paper also identifies key challenges, existing gaps in the literature, and future research directions for developing secure, ethical, and user-centric AI solutions.

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 Keywords

Mental Health, AI, Privacy-Aware Systems, Multimodal AI, Differential Privacy, Federated Learning, Emotion Recognition

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Background: Nursing students are facing a series of challenges progressively in the clinical practice as well as in education system. Clinical and educational learning environment not only influences the educational goals, but also effect career choices of nursing students. This study aims to know how much the nursing student's perceived challenges in practical and theoretical aspects. Objectives: To assess the level of challenges perceived by nursing students in practical and theoretical aspects among nursing students at selected nursing institutions, Salem district and to associate the level of challenges perceived by nursing students in theoretical and practical aspects among nursing students with their selected demographic variables. Methodology: A quantitative approach - Non Experimental, descriptive research design was used in this study. The sample consists of 105 nursing students, selected by consecutive sampling technique. Result: Majority of the nursing students 93(89%) were perceiving less challenges and 12(11%) were perceiving more challenges in practical and theoretical aspects.. Conclusion: This study concluded that most of the Nursing students were perceiving less challenges and the challenges perceived by the nursing students in practical and theoretical aspects is associated with their demographic variables i.e Present academic year and not sought counseling to overcome challenges

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 Keywords

Education system, Learning environment, Challenges, Theoretical aspect, Practical aspect

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Herbs are resource with therapeutic properties. Tabernaemontana Divaricata a native of India a many other tropical regions is a common garden plant. It has been used traditionally for treatment of number of diseases. The main aim of the present work the ethanol extract of the leaves of the plant have been tested for anticancer activity. Characterization studies were carried out using UV Spectrophotometer and FTIR analysis. The chemical composition of the plant leaf extract of T. Divaricata was investicated using Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry analysis was conducted to determine the types of different phytochemical compounds in ethanolic leaf extract of Tabernaemontana Divaricata. The ethanolic extract revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds such as 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester . Squalene, Hydroperoxide, 1,4- dioxan-2-yl.

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 Keywords

MTT assay, IC50, Tabernaemontana Divaricata. UV Spectrophotometer, FTIR , Gas chromatography- Mass spectrometry analysis

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Millingtonia hortensis, commonly known as the Indian Cork Tree, has been widely acknowledged in traditional medicine for its diverse therapeutic potential. This plant, native to Southeast Asia and India, holds significant importance in Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani systems of medicine, particularly for treating respiratory disorders, infections, inflammation, and various chronic ailments. The present research aims to throw light on various uses of millingtonis hortensis in treating different diseases

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MILLINGTONIA HORTENSIS: POWERHOUSE FOR TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE AILMENTS

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This study, grounded in secondary literature, examines how leadership principles shape the long-term sustainability strategy of modern enterprises. Anchored in the idea that sustainability is not an accidental by product but a deliberate design choice, the paper explores how various leadership styles--transformational, ethical, servant, and adaptive--serve as strategic levers for embedding environmental, social, and governance (ESG) priorities into organizational culture and operations. By synthesizing global leadership frameworks and sustainability literature, the study highlights the integral role of leadership in guiding purpose-driven innovation, stakeholder trust, ethical governance, and systemic resilience. The findings suggest that sustainability thrives not through isolated initiatives, but through leadership that intentionally aligns vision, values, and decision-making with long-term enterprise goals. This paper proposes a conceptual leadership-sustainability integration model as a blueprint for future research and organizational practice.

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Sustainability, Leadership Principles, ESG, Strategic Leadership, Transformational Leadership, Servant Leadership, Ethical Governance, Long-Term Strategy, Organizational Resilience, Conceptual Study

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This study develops and evaluates an instructional package in commerce to enhance financial literacy and achievement among higher secondary school students. A quasi-experimental design is employed to assess the effectiveness of the package. The study aims to provide valuable insights into instructional strategies for financial literacy education. The study uses pre-test and post-test measures to assess the effectiveness of the instructional package. The results show that students receiving the instructional package outperform those receiving conventional methods in financial literacy and commerce achievement. The findings suggest that the package is a valuable tool for improving financial literacy and academic achievement The results show that students receiving the instructional package outperform those receiving conventional methods in financial literacy and commerce achievement. The findings suggest that the package is a valuable tool for improving financial literacy and academic achievement. The study's results have implications for commerce education and financial literacy programs, highlighting the importance of structured instructional approaches in enhancing students' financial knowledge and skills.

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 Keywords

financial literacy, Achievement in commerce, Higher secondary school students

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Intellectual Capital (IC) refers to the intangible assets--such as knowledge, skills, relationships, and organizational processes--that contribute significantly to a company's value and performance. Though not reflected in traditional financial statements, IC has emerged as a critical driver in today's knowledge-based economy. The study explores the concept, components, and importance of IC, with a focus on companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). Based on secondary data, the study examines how these firms measure, report, and manage IC, which is broadly categorized into three components: Human Capital, Structural Capital, and Relational Capital. As globalization and technological advancements intensify market competition, intangible assets like IC have become essential for gaining a sustainable advantage. The research aims to understand existing models of IC measurement, evaluate the IC performance of selected BSE-listed companies, and rank them based on their IC scores. Highlighting the growing recognition of IC in Indian businesses, the study underscores the need for better frameworks to value and disclose these assets. This work contributes to enhancing awareness about the strategic importance of Intellectual Capital in business valuation and long-term competitiveness.

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Intellectual Capital, Structural Capital, Human Capital, BSE Listed Companies, VAIC Model,Intangible Assets,IC Efficiency

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The current project aims to investigate the potential of sustainable alternatives to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) by partially replacing it with Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash (RHA), both of which are widely available industrial and agricultural by-products. Specifically, the study focuses on developing and testing concrete in which 40% of the OPC is replaced--20% with Fly Ash and 20% with RHA--while the remaining 60% retains conventional cement. This approach not only seeks to reduce the dependency on cement, which is known for its high carbon emissions during production, but also to utilize materials that are often treated as waste, thereby contributing to environmental conservation and resource efficiency. The primary objective of the study is to assess whether this blended concrete mix can match or exceed the performance of standard M20 grade OPC concrete in terms of mechanical strength and workability. A series of concrete specimens were prepared following IS code guidelines, using consistent mix proportions and locally sourced aggregates. Three main types of mechanical tests were performed: compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 days; split tensile strength; and flexural strength at 28 days. All specimens were subjected to water curing, and no chemical activators or admixtures were used, making the process simpler and more suitable for rural or low-resource settings. Fly Ash, a fine powder by-product of coal combustion in thermal power plants, and RHA, produced by controlled burning of rice husks, both possess pozzolanic properties that enhance the long-term strength and durability of concrete. Their inclusion not only aids in reducing the environmental footprint of construction materials but also offers an efficient method of waste management. Moreover, the proposed mix shows potential in cost reduction by decreasing the quantity of cement required, which is especially beneficial for developing countries where infrastructure growth is high and budget constraints are common. This project contributes meaningfully to global sustainability efforts and is closely aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It supports SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) by introducing environmentally responsible materials into mainstream construction; SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) by encouraging the development of resilient and cost-effective infrastructure; and SDG 13 (Climate Action) by addressing carbon emissions from cement usage and promoting the use of waste-derived alternatives. Overall, the findings from this project are expected to provide a practical foundation for future research and application of green concrete technology in the construction industry.

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 Keywords

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash (RHA), Industrial By-products, Agricultural Waste.

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Chalcogenide semiconductor thin films, comprising elements from Group VI (S, Se, Te) and Groups IV-VI metals (e.g., Cd, Pb, Sn, In, Cu, Ga), have gained immense attention for their versatile optical and electrical properties. These materials exhibit a tunable band gap, high absorption coefficients, and cost-effective fabrication, making them suitable for diverse applications, including photovoltaics, photo detectors, thermoelectric, and phase-change memory devices. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the synthesis techniques, structural and optoelectronic properties, and emerging applications of key chalcogenide thin films such as CdSe, CdTe, SnS, CuInSe?, and GeTe. Emphasis is placed on how doping, nanostructuring, and fabrication processes influence film characteristics and performance. The review concludes with current challenges and future prospects in this rapidly evolving field.

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 Keywords

Chalcogenide thin films, semiconductor, CdSe, SnS, CuInSe?, photovoltaics, thermoelectric, doping, chemical synthesis, band gap engineering

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition