Volume 13 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

The present study investigated the language shift and language problems that were faced by scheduled tribal communities and Non-tribal communities of Himachal Pradesh within the tribal notified areas of Himachal Pradesh. There are 654 tribal communities live in India out of them 10 belong to Himachal Pradesh and all are marginalized in terms of living conditions due to hard geographical areas, economic, social, cultural, education and political. Due to hard living conditions in the hills they move in winter towards lower areas, that's way they are called as nomads tribal communities but this shifting also leads them towards migration and cultural shifting. The present study was an empirical research investigation based on the 600 senior secondary level students of Scheduled Tribal and non-tribal communities living and studying in tribal notified areas. They were selected by purposive sampling technique. Present study developed a map to show language related problems and its associated factors of tribal and non tribes. Some major issues discussed in the study are as follows-1. Competency of teacher in tribal language. 2. Language related problems in the classroom. 3. Problems in understanding the content taught in Hindi or English. 4. Most use of language by teachers. Along with these issues researcher also focused on Educational problem, Medium of Instruction, Lack of resources, Lack of Tribal teacher, Lack of higher education institution in tribal language. Further this study attempted to focus on solving such language related issues in the tribal areas among the students of all communities and on the basis of interviews conducted researcher tried to develop a tribal language and culture saving approach with the help of education.

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 Keywords

Scheduled Tribes, Non-tribal, Tribal Notified Areas, Hard Geographical Areas, Nomads tribal, Senior Secondary level Students

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The library sector is expanding rapidly, but its current system for managing transactions is inefficient. A computerized library system can enable quick data retrieval and storage, providing users with fast and efficient service. Library automation involves mechanizing routine operations primarily through computerization. A Library Management System (LMS) is an automated tool that benefits both librarians and users within any organizational structure. It allows defining librarian tasks and helps users manage their activities related to the library. LMS includes report generation features, enabling users to track their transactions effectively. This system helps librarians save time and focus on other important library functions, going beyond just issuing and returning books. The project focuses on developing a Library Log accessible to all users, enabling librarians to maintain an organized database effortlessly while allowing individual users to manage their transactions, addressing major issues related to large physical collections Maintenance.

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 Keywords

Java; Library management system; Database design; Books; Management

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

As colleges continue to advance their information and modernization efforts, many are upgrading to digital library management systems. The library, being the central information hub on campus, plays a vital role in disseminating knowledge and cultural values. The development quality of libraries directly influences teaching effectiveness. In the 1990s, as enrollment increased and technology rapidly developed, students' desire to learn new knowledge and skills also grew. Classroom instruction alone could not fulfill this rising demand, and traditional library management approaches became outdated. To better meet these needs, we examined how to optimize library management by shifting to automated systems, which are more aligned with the needs of both colleges and students.

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Java; Library management system; Database design; Books; Management

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The present study was conducted to government and private secondary school students in relation to Social and Mental Development. Descriptive survey method was used in the present study. A sample of 200 government and private senior secondary school students was selected from Himachal Pradesh Dstrict of Mandi. self-made Questioner was used for the present study. 'Findings revealed that emotional intelligence among the students of private is higher than government school students. After compare we found that social development among the students of private is higher than government school students. The study found that the relationship between Mental and social Development among the students of private is higher than government students. Some suggestions have been made to improve positive attitude of students towards above mention psychology factor will provide lot of opportunities to improve the quality of education at all level.

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 Keywords

Mental.social,development,school

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The special issue on Narendra Modi and India's foreign policy is introduced in this article. It draws attention to the fact that opinions on how well the Modi administration has managed foreign affairs vary. Some claim that since taking office in May 2014, it has changed India's foreign policy and outperformed its predecessors in managing the nation's most important partnerships and issues. Others argue that New Delhi's stance is weaker now than it was under previous administrations, particularly with regard to China and Pakistan, and that India's fundamental strategy remains unchanged. The importance of ideas and ideology, the degree of the prime minister's autonomy in formulating foreign policy, and the degree to which institutional barriers both domestically and internationally limit India's agency are all covered in this article. In addition, his government launched new initiatives including "Neighbourhood First," a new effort to improve relations with India's neighbors, and revamped key initiatives like "Look East," which was renamed "Act East." It promised to play a major role in maintaining security and improving infrastructure in the Indian Ocean region, in addition to fortifying its defense and diplomatic ties with countries from the Middle East through Central and South Asia to Southeast Asia.

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Policy, China, Ideology, Neighbors, Government.

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ABSTRACT This paper critically examines the evolution of local self-government and people's participation in the decision-making processes throughout the ages, also aiming to apply Gandhian philosophy to resolve challenges persisting in achieving true participation of people.

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Local Self-Government, Gandhian Philosophy, People's Participation, Decentralization, Swaraj, Panchayati Raj.

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At the heart of every trade lies a story not just of numbers and charts, but of the hopes, dreams, and fears that pulse through every trader. The financial markets are less a battlefield of pure logic and more a living theatre, where the twin protagonists fear and greed take center stage, shaping the drama of every decision. Fear, that ancient guardian, whispers warnings of loss and the sting of missed chances, often freezing traders' mid-action or sending them fleeing from risk. Meanwhile, greed, the relentless seducer, tempts traders to chase ever-greater rewards, luring them into risky ventures and overconfidence. These emotions are not flaws, but deeply human responses that can turn rational plans into impulsive gambles, fueling cycles of euphoria and despair that ripple through markets and minds alike. The result? Markets that breathe with the collective mood, swinging from wild optimism to sudden panic, and traders who ride these waves sometimes triumphantly, sometimes bruised. Mastering these emotional currents is the true art of trading: it means building a fortress of discipline, crafting a clear plan, and nurturing the self-awareness to recognize when fear or greed is steering the ship. By embracing these challenges as opportunities for growth, traders can transform their most human vulnerabilities into sources of strength, resilience, and ultimately, success in the ever evolving world of commerce.

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 Keywords

Emotion, Risk, Decision-making, Self-knowledge, Market psychology.

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Abstract: An attempt has been made in this paper to analyze the various morphometric parameters of the Wang River basin in Satara district of Maharashtra which is a tributary of the Koyna River. Linear, areal and relief parameters of the basin were derived from the SRTM DEM data and ArcGIS software was used for analysis. The result reveals that the catchment of Wang River can be described as a 6th order basin with total area of 375.03 km2. The drainage pattern is mostly dendritic with some parts showing parallel arrangement. The higher bifurcation ratio in the western side of the basin shows some control of geologic structures on the drainage. The textural analysis shows that the drainage density and stream frequency go on increasing from west to east which indicates decrease in permeability of the subsurface rock. The relief parameters suggest that the basin is characterized by steep slopes on the ridge faces which is a typical feature of the Western Ghats.These findings have implications for watershed planning and management in the region.

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 Keywords

Index Terms-Morphometric analysis, Wang River basin, GIS, Strahler Method

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This study examines community awareness, preparedness, and risk perception regarding floods and droughts in Mysore, Karnataka. Despite being educated and employed, most respondents lacked disaster plans or training. Reliance on government warnings was high, but community alerts and institutional engagement were limited. The findings highlight the need for improved infrastructure, widespread training, and stronger community-institution collaboration to boost resilience.

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Disaster Preparedness, Floods, Droughts, Risk Perception

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Polycystic Ovarian Disorder (PCOD) is a common health issue related to hormones. It is often connected to chemicals in the environment, especially those that can cause hormonal imbalance, like BPA, phthalates, and parabens. These chemicals imitate or interfere with hormones, which may lead to the development of PCOD. Ayurveda, with its special branch called Agadtantra (which focuses on poisons and toxins), provides a helpful way to understand and treat problems caused by chemicals. This study looks at how certain concepts of Agadtantra, especially Dushi Visha (long-lasting low-level toxins) and Gara Visha (toxins made from bad mixtures), are connected to PCOD. Ayurvedic treatments were looked at, which include detox therapies called Shodhan Chikitsa, antidote formulas known as Agads, herbal remedies, and changes to daily habits. The results show that Agadtantra offers a complete and effective way to manage PCOD. It helps by removing toxins, balancing hormones, and fixing body imbalances. Combining Ayurvedic methods of treatment along with modern medical text could provide a safer and natural way to manage PCOD in today's environment filled with chemicals.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

PCOD, Agadtantra, Gara visha,Dushi visha,shodhan chikitsa.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition