Volume 12 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) require advanced algorithms to handle unexpected scenarios, known as edge cases, that challenge standard operational capabilities. This study evaluates three different approaches: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), A* path finding algorithm, and Anomaly Detection Neural Networks (ADNNs), focusing on their effectiveness in identifying critical edge cases. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) excel in image recognition and are crucial for AVs to perceive objects, lanes, and potential hazards from camera and LiDAR data. Their ability to generalize across varying environmental conditions and detect obscured signs or sudden obstacles makes them highly effective, achieving a detection accuracy of approximately 90%. A Path finding Algorithm* is fundamental for AVs to plan safe routes through complex urban environments. By calculating the shortest path while considering potential obstacles and traffic conditions, A* demonstrates a reliable detection rate of about 85% in simulated scenarios. Anomaly Detection Neural Networks (ADNNs) specialize in identifying deviations from expected patterns in sensor data. They play a critical role in AVs by detecting anomalies such as sensor failures or unusual pedestrian behaviours, achieving an accuracy rate of around 88% in detecting critical edge cases. This comparative analysis assesses each method's computational efficiency, accuracy, and adaptability in addressing edge cases encountered by AVs.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Autonomous Vehicles, Convolutional Neural Networks, A* path finding algorithm, Anomaly Detection Neural Networks (ADNNs, LiDAR

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical, proximate, vitamins, and minerals composition of jamun (SyzygiumCumini) seeds. The jamun fruit had a dark purple color, whereas the jamun seed was seen to be white to pink in color. The jamun fruit and seed exhibited an oblong form. The dimensions and weight of the jamun fruit were measured to be 32 mm in length, 28.8 mm in breadth, and 18.33 g in weight. The seed, on the other hand, had dimensions of 18.25 mm in length, 11.10 mm in width, and weighed 1.65 g. The chemical composition of jamun seeds was analyzed, including moisture content, crude fat, crude protein, carbohydrate, crude fiber, and ash, which were found to be 54, 1.05, 2.85, 31.63, 7.02, and 1.51 g/100g, respectively. The jamun seed was discovered to contain the following values for vitamin content: vitamin A (3 IU/100g), vitamin B3 (0.092 mg/100g), and vitamin C (0.22 mg/100g). The jamun seed powder included the following amounts of minerals: iron (0.140 mg/100g), calcium (0.651 mg/100g), magnesium (0.010 mg/100g), phosphorous (0.072 mg/100g), potassium (16.07 mg/100g), and zinc (0.009 mg/100g). Therefore, it was determined that these jamun (Syzygium Cumini) seed traditional medicinal plants are a valuable source of nutrients, including protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Jamun fruits, seeds physicochemical properties, Medicinal value.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Metoprolol tartrate, Chronotherapy, Time-dependent drug delivery, Press-coated tablet, Pulsatile release

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Fly ash particles, which are produced from coal fired thermal power stations in the form of suspension in the flue gas from combustion units, contribute to an increased suspended particulate matter (SPM) in surrounding environment. In order to reduce emission levels of SPM, various devices, such as cyclone separator, bag filter and/or electrostatic precipitator (ESP) are employed. On the other hand, ESP is most popularly used at thermal power stations to reduce SPM levels. Fundamental principle of operation of an ESP is that flue gas is forced to pass through an electrical field, wherein SPM get electrically charged. Charged particles are then deflected across the field and collected on a grounded plate. ESP process involves i) Charging of particles flowing between electrodes; ii) Migration and collection of particles on oppositely charged plates; iii) Dislodging particles off the plates and into hoppers; and (iv) Removal of material from hoppers. Frequency and intensity of rapping is important, for it is necessary to minimize rapping re-entrainment and maximize collection efficiency. Rapping should facilitate dislodgement of deposited particulate media from collector surface in an agglomerated form, large enough to fall through the gas flow into receiving hoppers, rather than exploding the layer from collection surface, which may result in severe particle re-entrainment. Performance of ESPs is affected by the characteristics of coal burnt and the properties of ash procured. Poor performance has been associated with low sulphur coals, but establishing a relationship is strenuous. This study correlates resistivity with various constituents that affect it and also the effect of resistivity on precipitator performance as resistivity is the first of many parameter used as a guide for precipitator performance and migration velocity quantification.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Electrode charging, Corona, ESP, Particulate Matter, Environment.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

J.N.Mandal is a forgotten leader of depressed class in Bengal. After coming to India designing from Pakistan Ministry had been involved in different political and social activities in Bengal for the sake of refugee development and rehabilitation. After his political career doomed to ashes he tried to established his identity through parliamentary and social activities.He also kept sharp vigilance on govt notion towards SC people in Bengal but he did not succeed.Actually he has not been assessed in political history of Bengal though he failed to comprehend the political situation, psychology of individual and institutions before gaining independence. He had been betrayed by people of Pakistan and his own.This paper is to seek how nd why he had not been evaluated.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Evaluation of J.N.Mandal is necessary to the present context of Bengal politics

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research paper delves into the issue of inequality in access to financial services in India. Despite significant progress in financial inclusion initiatives, disparities persist across various demographic groups, thus hindering economic growth and social development. Through a comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to this inequality, as well as an exploration of potential solutions, this paper aims to provide insights into addressing this pressing issue. For this secondary data was used in this study which was gathered from reports published by the RBI, the Ministry of Finance, the Government of India, reports on the development and trends in Indian banking. Study is Based on the analysis of unit record (household level) data from the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO). It has been observed from the study that while a number of initiatives have been implemented to enhance outreach inside the banking industry the results have not been particularly noteworthy it was brought into light that inequality persisted among the states related to access to financial services. North eastern regions and western regions has consistently performed poorly in each dimension of the financial inclusion suggesting that the state still has a way to go before achieving greater financial inclusion also the disparity can be seen among rural and urban areas indicating that households with higher relative incomes have somewhat greater access than those with lower incomes. This paper further examined disparities by breaking down the households between gender and distinct social groups research indicates that the households headed by men are more likely to be able to obtain financial services than females also reveal that Scheduled tribe and scheduled cast households have far less access than other households particularly regarding access to credit. This paper argues that some of these specific groups require particular consideration from formal credit institutions; it is not enough to simply open bank accounts for these groups under the guise of financial inclusion; instead, one must support them in a way that makes their relationship with banks sustainable

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Key words: Financial inclusion, Challenges to Financial Inclusion, Financial literacy, Gender equality

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In this paper, we introduce the new concept relatively prime edge detour domination number of a graph and obtain the relatively prime edge detour domination number for some well known graphs.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Domination, Edge detour domination, Relatively prime detour domination, Relatively prime edge detour domination.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The effect of leaf powders of four botanicals viz, Neem (Azadirachta indica), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus saligna), Goosefoot (Chenopodium album) and Carrot grass(Parthenium hysterophorus) was studied in stored red kidney beans. The repellency rate and mortality effect were calculated using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments. The data was then projected to statistical analysis and the test significance level was P<0.05, the best treatment in terms of the repellency rate was 10 gm, Eucalyptus leaf powder causing 82% repellency within 48 hours of the application and in terms of mortality the treatment with 10 gm Chenopodium leaf powder showed best results causing 79% mortality in 3 days. The results show this trend effort to find alternative options for organic biopesticides that can be used in place of chemical pesticides in a more biodegradable, cost-effective and environmental safe manner.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Efficacy, Zabrotes subfasciatus, Biopesticides, Leaf powder, repellency, Chenopodium

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In this paper, we studied feminine aspects in the short stories of Kamala Das.The feminist movement in France was initiated by Condorcet, while in England, it gained momentum through the influential work of Mary Wollstonecraft in her book 'Vindication of the Rights of Women'. However, despite its early origins, the movement faced challenges in achieving concrete results due to the absence of strong foundations.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Kamala Das, Feminine, Feminist

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Aegle marmelos (linn.) Correa ex roxb. (family rutaceae) possesses tremendous therapeutic potentials as every part of the plant like fruit, seed, bark, leaf and root are most effective remedy for controlling diarrhea, dysentery, constipation, peptic ulcer and respiratory infections. Medicinal properties include anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, analgenic, cardioprotective, anti-spermatogenic, anti-cancer and radio-protective. The fragrant tree is a climate purifier as it emits high percentage of oxygen in sunlight compared to other plants and absorbs poisonous gases from atmosphere and makes them inert or neutral. Considering wide prospects and potentials of this sacred tree, it is suggested to cultivate on large scale, especially on unproductive and wasteland and systematic as well as scientific research are required to explore the maximum potentials of this underutilized plant for upliftment of rural poor. Bael (aegle marmelos l. Correa) is an economically valuable tree species in south asia. The ripen bael fruits are popular among people because of the delicious fruit pulp, which is ideal for making jam, syrup, and pudding. Bael possesses many medicinal values and therefore used as an ingredient in ayurvedic herbal medical preparations. The fruits, bark, leaves, seeds, and roots of bael contain bioactive compounds such as coumarin, imperatorin, aegeline, and marmeline, alkaloids.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Aegle Marmelos , Sacred Tree Fragrant Species Climate Purifiers Constituents Medicinal Properties

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition