Volume 13 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

The Ayurvedic concept of Srotas--networks of transport and communication channels--is foundational to understanding the physiology and pathology of the human body. These channels are responsible for the movement of Doshas, Dhatus, Malas, and vital life forces. While Ayurveda approaches the body through a functional and energetic lens, modern medicine relies on observable anatomical and biochemical systems. This systematic review bridges traditional Ayurvedic teachings with modern anatomical and physiological science, offering a holistic view of the structure and function of Srotas. By exploring classical texts and integrating contemporary research, this article proposes anatomical analogies and therapeutic insights that reflect both systems.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Srotas, Srotomaya Sharira, Ayurveda, Dhatu, Dosha, Pathophysiology, Integrative Medicine, Body Channels

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Biologics and biosimilars have emerged as pivotal components of modern healthcare, offering innovative solutions to a wide range of diseases. This poster delves into the intricacies of these biological products, their development, regulatory frameworks, and their impact on the global healthcare. Biologics are a category of medications derived from living organisms, such as cells, tissues, or proteins, and are used to treat a wide range of diseases, especially those that cannot be addressed effectively by traditional small-molecule drugs. Unlike chemically synthesized drugs, biologics are made from complex biological sources like human or animal cells, bacteria, or yeast and Biosimilars are highly similar, but not identical, versions of biologics that have lost patent protection. Like generic versions of small-molecule drugs, biosimilars offer more affordable alternatives to biologics. Biological medicines (biologics) are produced in living cells and purified in complex, multi-step processes. Compared with chemically synthesized small-molecule drugs, biologics are more sensitive to changes in manufacturing conditions. Process and product consistency should be founded on rigorous design and control of manufacturing processes, but consistency is ultimately ensured through robust quality systems. Even a minor change in any component of a quality system could lead to product drift, evolution, and divergence, which may impact the quality, safety, efficacy, and/or interchangeability of biologics. The therapeutic success of biotechnological drugs, commonly designated as biologics, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and recombinant versions of endogenous proteins, is increasingly transforming the pharmaceutical market. Patent expiry of biologics (ie, originators) has also opened the field to the so-called biosimilars, medicines that are intended to be similar, although not identical, to the originator biologics in terms of quality, efficacy, and tolerability. It is undeniable that there are highly debated issues regarding biosimilars in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: increasing demand for biologics given their clinical success, the nearing of patent expiry for the 4 top-selling biologic brands, and the search for reducing the economic burden of drugs.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Biotechnology, Immunotherapy ,Drug development Regulatory approval, Safety and efficacy, Quality assurance, Innovation, Generic medications, interchangeability

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study examines the altitudinal influence on forest structure, carbon storage, and soil properties across three distinct forest types: Oak mixed (Q. leucotrichophora) at 1500m (Jawal), Pine (P. roxburghii) at 1800m (Chitgal), and Sal (S. robusta) at 900m (Timta). Key parameters investigated include tree biomass, carbon stock, soil moisture content (MC), water holding capacity (WHC), pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and organic matter (OM). A clear altitudinal gradient is evident in carbon sequestration, with the Oak forest exhibiting the highest tree biomass (266.99 ton/ha) and carbon stock (133.49 ton/ha). The Pine forest follows with 256.65 ton/ha biomass and 128.65 ton/ha carbon stock, while the Sal forest shows the lowest (233.52 ton/ha biomass, 116.76 ton/ha carbon stock), consistently maintaining 50% carbon of total biomass. Regarding soil properties, the Oak forest soil demonstrates superior water retention (36-38% MC, 64% WHC). In contrast, Pine and Sal forest soils exhibit much lower MC (14-20%) and WHC (25-45%). Chemically, Sal forest soil is the least acidic (pH 5.9-6.8), whereas Pine and particularly Oak soils are more acidic (pH as low as 5.2). SOC and OM are consistently higher in topsoil across all sites, with the Pine forest showing the highest top-layer organic matter. This research highlights the intricate interplay between altitude, vegetation, and ecosystem services, emphasizing the pronounced carbon sequestration and water retention capabilities of mid-altitude Oak forests.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Biomass, Carbon stock, Soil Physio-chemical properties, Altitudinal gradient, Vegetation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Mycorrhizae, which are beneficial relationships among plants and soil fungus, are among the most significant terrestrial symbioses. Approximately 500 million years ago, these alliances are believed to have accelerated plant territoriality; now, these are crucial to the health of ecosystems. Fungal symbionts, recently discovered as belong to the three basic fungal groups Glomeromycotina, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota, have long been recognized to be present in the living tissues of bryophytes. It has been demonstrated that every studied bryophyte extract is effective against every kind of fungal examined. When compared to extracts derived from naturally occurring materials, those cultivated under laboratory (in vitro) environments often have greater antifungal activity. Certain fungi that were studied responded similar to both extracts.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Mycorrhizae, Glomeromycotina, Bryophyte, Ecosystem, Fungal Lineages, Soil Fungi, Plants.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper introduces a new framework that connects clinical anatomy with homoeopathy ideas, especially miasmatic theory and remedy affinity. Using ideas from traditional homoeopathy, tissue study, early development, and current medical practice, the study connects body structure to energy and disease patterns. By linking where tissues come from, how they work when they are unhealthy, and the classifications used in homoeopathy, the paper provides a lively, system-based method for teaching homoeopathy to both undergraduate and postgraduate students. The goal is to move beyond static memorisation of anatomical facts towards a functional, energetic, and deeply individualised model of understanding disease and cure.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Clinical Anatomy, Miasm, Homoeopathy, Histology, Embryology, Repertory, Vital Force, Materia Medica

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract Those who mentor us become teachers, and we never stop learning throughout our lives. There are various ways to teach. A friend assisting a friend in tying their shoes is an example of teaching, as is a parent instructing their child on how to eat, drink, or do anything else. Any action that integrates the structure and methods of learning can be referred to as teaching. The educational process is comprised of the teaching and learning processes. Educational psychology is a combination of psychology and education. Education is the teaching and learning process. However, psychology is the scientific field that investigates behaviour and cognition. Educational psychology is the application of psychological knowledge and understanding to the field and speciality of education. "Educational psychology is that branch of psychology which deals with teaching and learning," says Skinner. It discusses the principles, practices, and teaching philosophies employed in the field of education. It can be summed up as the tool and procedure for effective teaching and learning in the field of education.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Psychology, Learning, Learning process

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper presents the design and implementation of a Multi-Algorithm Password Encryption System aimed at enhancing the security of user authentication in modern digital environments. The system integrates multiple cryptographic techniques--including AES, RSA, Blowfish, 3DES, and SHA-256--within a unified framework to avoid reliance on a single algorithm. During registration, the user's password is salted and encrypted using all five algorithms, and one is randomly selected for secure storage. Authentication involves re-encryption using a randomly chosen algorithm and comparison through homomorphic encryption, enabling verification without decryption. The system also incorporates dynamic salting and periodic key rotation to ensure unpredictability and mitigate cryptographic attacks. Developed using Python, Django, and MySQL, the application ensures real-time performance while maintaining strong encryption standards. By combining layered security techniques with algorithmic randomness, the project offers a scalable and resilient solution for secure password management and demonstrates improved resistance to brute-force, rainbow table, and cryptanalysis attacks.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Password Encryption, Multi-Algorithm Security, AES, RSA, Blowfish, 3DES, SHA-256, Homomorphic Encryption, Dynamic Salting, Key Rotation, User Authentication, Django, Cyber Security

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Kerala is a state relatively free from traditional restrictions on women's education and property ownership. Social reform movements in the early 20th century narrowed gender differences in access to schools. The filial family system ensured women's property rights. Development policies in Kerala generally responded more positively to issues of gender equality and ensured gender equality in education and health. However, the social transformation in Kerala was profound but uneven. The best example of this was the existence of feudal patriarchal structures and institutions for the society. Monogamous marriages and nuclear families reinforced patriarchal values in households. At the same time, the productive and reproductive role of women was further demonstrated. Prohibition of daughter-in-law and the growth of patriarchy in all social classes were important factors in this process. This type of patriarchal form has given rise to the popular acceptance of women's place in the family and the general desirability of women in the public sphere. High female literacy and growth in female education did not lead to women's labor participation and advancement in the workforce. As a result, women had to spend more time on household chores. For their household work, national income does not add value to expenditure figures. It should be remembered that domestic work also includes elements related to the economy, such as maintaining a kitchen garden, rearing sheep and chickens, gathering firewood, childcare, cooking and serving family members. For women entering the labor market, it becomes a double whammy. It has no value in the formulation of development policy. This paper tries to understand the importance of taking attention to the gender budgeting for a just society.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gender Budgeting, Women Empowerment, LGBTIA+ Inclusion, Polciy Formation, Inclusive Policies

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: This project explores the use of the YOLOv11 deep learning model for advanced object detection to identify and classify custom visual elements within images. The main goal is to develop a model capable of accurately detecting specific objects under diverse and challenging image conditions. To this end, a custom dataset was created and carefully annotated to represent the objects of interest. The training was performed on Google Colab, taking advantage of GPU acceleration to speed up computation. Data Preprocessing techniques such as image augmentation and normalization were applied to improve the model's robustness and ability to generalize across different scenarios. YOLOv11 was selected for its well-known balance between real-time processing capabilities and high detection accuracy, making it suitable for deployment on a range of devices from PCs to edge platforms. The trained model showed strong performance in detecting objects in varied environments and image qualities, demonstrating its practical applicability. This project highlights the effectiveness of modern object detection architectures in customized image analysis tasks and sets a foundation for future work, including real-time deployment and integration with embedded or mobile systems. The results indicate significant potential for automating visual recognition in security, automation, and intelligent system applications.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Index Terms - Real-time object detection, Custom dataset, Deep learning, Feature extraction, Bounding box localization, Mean Average Precision (mAP), Data augmentation, Image normalization.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study delves into the dynamic landscape of social entrepreneurship in India, exploring how mission-driven innovators are tackling some of the country's most pressing social and environmental challenges. Through a qualitative, multi-case study approach, the paper examines four trailblazing social enterprises--Phool.co, Bollant Industries, ReCircle, and Bakey's Edible Cutlery--that are reimagining business as a force for good. These ventures demonstrate how purpose-led innovation, inclusive employment, and environmentally responsible practices can generate meaningful, scalable impact in areas ranging from waste management to sustainable manufacturing. Drawing on established frameworks such as the Triple Bottom Line, Social Capital Theory, and Systems Thinking, the research builds a conceptual model that captures the common threads running through these enterprises--innovation rooted in local problems, empowerment of marginalized communities, and collaborative, ecosystem-based solutions. It also brings to light the real-world challenges social entrepreneurs face, including limited funding, infrastructure gaps, and policy hurdles. The paper further examines key government initiatives that support the sector, such as Startup India, CSR mandates, and the Social Stock Exchange. Ultimately, the findings highlight the immense potential of social entrepreneurship to drive inclusive growth and sustainable change--provided it receives the institutional and societal support it truly needs to thrive.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Social Entrepreneurship, Sustainable Development, Social Inclusion, Circular Economy.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition