Volume 13 | Issue 7 |

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Rice Tungro Disease (RTD); RTSV; RTBV; CP3 Capsid Protein; Protein Purification; Fluorescence Spectroscopy; Virus-like Particles (VLPs); Transmission Electron Microscopy; Plant Virology

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Rice Tungro disease poses a significant challenge to rice cultivation throughout Southeast Asia and arises from coinfection by Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus (RTBV) and Rice Tungro Spherical Virus (RTSV). RTSV plays a critical role in enabling the efficient transmission of RTBV through its insect vector, the green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens). Among the viral components, the CP3 capsid protein of RTSV is essential for assembling virions and mediating interactions with both the host and the insect vector. In this investigation, we employed a range of bioinformatics tools to carry out an in silico characterization of the CP3 gene. The gene's nucleotide sequence was first translated into its amino acid counterpart, followed by an in-depth analysis of its physicochemical properties, secondary and tertiary structural features, and immunogenic potential. Using AlphaFold predictions and comparative homology modeling, high-confidence three-dimensional structural models were constructed and validated through tools such as Ramachandran plot evaluation, ProSA-web scoring, and Verify3D analysis. The core ?-barrel architecture, which is typical of viral capsid proteins, exposes potential surface epitopes, which may be involved in immune recognition or interactions with the insect vector [12]. Furthermore, docking simulations and electrostatic surface potential analysis were used to pinpoint likely binding interfaces for host or vector proteins. Strong sequence conservation among varied geographical RTSV isolates was discovered by evolutionary analysis, highlighting the possibility of broad-based diagnostic markers and resistance targets. Overall, this study provides detailed structural and functional insights into the RTSV CP3 protein and supports its relevance for applications in diagnostics, rice tungro infection management or pesticide development, and engineered resistance. It also shows how computer modeling can considerably progress plant virology, particularly in the lack of experimental structural evidence.

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RTBV, RTSV, CP3, capsid, TEM, VLP

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This paper explores the development and implementation of AI-based workload forecasting techniques to address the complex, dynamic demands faced by e-commerce cloud platforms. With the rapid growth of online retail and the accompanying fluctuations in user activity, traditional static and statistical forecasting methods often fail to provide the accuracy and responsiveness required for optimal cloud resource management. This research investigates advanced machine learning models, including LSTM, GRU, and Transformer architectures, and benchmarks their performance against conventional time series approaches like ARIMA and Prophet. Using real-world e-commerce workload data, the study demonstrates that deep learning models significantly enhance forecast precision, especially during peak demand periods driven by promotional events and shifting consumer behavior. A pilot deployment further validates the models' practical impact on dynamic resource scaling, cost efficiency, and service reliability. By integrating explainable AI techniques, the paper also addresses the need for interpretability and stakeholder trust in automated forecasting systems. The findings highlight both the transformative potential and the operational challenges of adopting AI for workload prediction, offering actionable insights for e-commerce businesses and cloud providers aiming to build more intelligent, resilient, and sustainable digital infrastructures.

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AI-based workload forecasting, e-commerce cloud platforms

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Background: Neurological rehabilitation aims to enhance functional abilities and well-being in individuals with nervous system disorders.The Lumosity brain training program is one example of Computerized Cognitive Training (CCT), which has become a potential technique for improving cognitive function in a variety of neurological diseases. Objective: This review evaluates the efficacy of Lumosity-based CCT in improving cognitive function in patients with neurological disorders by analyzing recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that are written in english, published within the last five years, and involve game-based interventions. Exclusion criteria were if they are abstract-only, have been published less than five years ago, lack complete text availability, or are not written in english. sResults: Ten RCTs were reviewed involving diverse populations including stroke survivors,multiple sclerosis, brain injury, and patients with Alzheimer's disease. Most studies demonstrated improvements in cognitive domains such as memory, attention, processing speed, and executive functions. Enhanced outcomes were noted when CCT was combined with physical therapies (e.g., aerobic or vestibular training). However, several studies reported no significant differences between experimental and control groups, suggesting context-dependent efficacy. Limitations included small sample sizes, lack of long-term follow-up, limited generalizability, and concerns about real-world applicability. Conclusion: Lumosity brain training shows potential in cognitive rehabilitation, with positive effects on specific cognitive functions. The integration of CCT with physical interventions yield enhanced outcomes. Despite encouraging findings, further large-scale, long-term RCTs are needed to validate its efficacy and determine its advantages over traditional cognitive therapies.

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Neurorehabilitation, Lumosity Brain Training

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Blockchain technology has revolutionised the financial sector by allowing transactions to occur without governmental intervention. While traditional systems have governments controlling the flow of money through banks and financial institutions, blockchain uses a distributed ledger system that offers people additional security and anonymity. This essay looks at how governments control the financial sector and how blockchain threatens that authority. Blockchain reinforces financial sovereignty in two ways: on the one hand, control; and on the other, concerns about security, regulation, and misuse. Last but not least, this study investigates whether governments can control currency in a blockchain economy.

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Blockchain, Financial Autonomy, Decentralized Finance (DeFi), Government Regulation, Digital Currency Control, Privacy, and Security

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Study of Paintings of a Particular Region or Period (e.g., Mughal Paintings, Rajasthani Paintings, etc.)

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Study of Paintings of a Particular Region or Period (e.g., Mughal Paintings, Rajasthani Paintings, etc.)

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Sikh Dharam Ka Etihashik Adhayan (1469-1730)

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Sikh Dharam Ka Etihashik Adhayan (1469-1730)

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Abstract - In the present context, the academic audit is an important element in the Pupil Processing organization for assuring the quality of learning, research, Knowledge transfer and Identify, Whether they maintaining standard or not in the aspects of programmes offer and provide awards. It is an explicit provision of the institution to take responsibility for assuring quality of Teaching, Research and service. In any pupil processing organization, the Evaluation done continuously by having involvement in order to know the present position of academic activities and get remedy for that. The quality of education can be measured through academic audit by measuring the adequacy of academic input. It actually provides opportunity to implement the logical and meaningful steps to precede the academic activity in an effective manner.

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academic, audit, pupil, organization, learning, research, knowledge and quality.

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The Indian Knowledge System (IKS) has a profound and undeniable relevance to present-day family laws in India, particularly Hindu family law. While modern family laws are largely codified statutes enacted by Parliament, their historical roots, underlying principles, and even some contemporary challenges are deeply intertwined with the ancient wisdom, customs, and ethical frameworks of IKS. Family Laws are the Personal laws that refer to the rules and regulations that govern various aspects of one's personal life, such as matrimony, divorce, succession, and adoption. The article discusses the relevance of the IKS with the present Hindu family laws. The term "Hindu" itself is considered imprecise and of foreign origin. This proposed law extends beyond those identifying as Hindu, encompassing Sikhs, Jains, Lingayats, and Buddhists - faiths historically linked to Hinduism. Essentially, it aims to apply to all Indian citizens except Muslims, Parsis, Christians, and Jews.

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Keyword- Indian Knowledge System (IKS), Hindu Law, Personal law

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George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four is a well-renowned novel which is set in a dystopian future where the world is divided into three superstates: Oceania, Eurasia and Eastasia. This research paper explores Nineteen Eighty-Four as a chilling critique of totalitarianism and systematic erosion of individual privacy and freedom. Focusing mainly on the life of Winston Smith, the protagonist, the paper reflects on how Orwell's warning resonate in today's surveillance - driven world, emphasizing the novel's ongoing relevance.

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Dystopia, Privacy, Winston Smith, Surveillance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition