Volume 13 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

This study examined computer literacy levels and educational technology integration among secondary school students in Shillong, India. Digital literacy has emerged as a fundamental competency in contemporary education, yet significant gaps remain in our understanding of student competencies in regional contexts. Using a descriptive research design, data were collected from 80 students across different educational institutions through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal both achievements and critical challenges in computer education. While students demonstrated strong proficiency in Microsoft Office applications (90%) and basic hardware operations (70%), significant infrastructure limitations emerged as a major barrier to effective technology integration. Most concerning was the finding that only 12% of students had access to internet-connected computers at their schools, despite 78% using the Internet for educational purposes at home. This digital divide highlights substantial inequities in educational opportunities and poses challenges for implementing the objectives of India's National Education Policy 2020, particularly in terms of digital literacy. The results contribute to understanding digital competency development in educational settings and provide empirical evidence for technology integration policies in secondary education, particularly in the context of bridging digital divides in developing nations.

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Keywords: Digital Literacy, Computer Education, Secondary Education, Technology Integration, Educational Technology

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly myocardial infarctions (heart attacks), remain one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. A primary contributing factor to this high mortality rate is delayed diagnosis and inadequate implementation of preventive strategies. In response, this study presents a machine learning-based predictive framework for assessing the risk of heart attacks using a combination of patient health indicators and lifestyle factors. The dataset was subjected to comprehensive preprocessing, including label encoding of categorical attributes and normalization of numerical features. A comparative analysis was conducted among several classification algorithms, including Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbors, Gradient Boosting, and Artificial Neural Networks. This work illustrates the potential of artificial intelligence to support early detection, enhance preventive healthcare interventions, and contribute to reducing the global burden of cardiovascular diseases.

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Cardiovascular diseases, Machine learning, Heart attacks, Classification

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The ability to process mathematical information effectively and demonstrate logical reasoning is essential for academic success in mathematics, particularly at the Pre-University (PU) level. This study investigates the correlation between mathematical aptitude and mathematical process skills among pre-university students in Karnataka. A descriptive correlational research design was employed, and a stratified random sample was drawn from Government and Unaided colleges in selected districts of the Mysuru division. Mathematical Aptitude Test including numerical aptitude, quantitative aptitude, spatial aptitude, and logical-mathematical reasoning and Mathematical Process Skills Test including mathematical problem-solving, mathematical reasoning and proof, mathematical communication, mathematical connections and mathematical representation were constructed and used to collect the data The collected data were analysed using Pearson's rank correlation coefficient along with appropriate inferential statistics. The results revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between mathematical aptitude and mathematical process skills among pre-university students. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening mathematical process skills as a means to enhance overall mathematical aptitude and academic readiness. The study offers valuable implications for curriculum development, assessment practices, and pedagogical strategies in mathematics education at the Pre-University level.

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: Mathematical Aptitude, Mathematical Process Skills, Pre-University Students, Gender, and Types of institution

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Education is a basic human right that increases the economic, social and political cultural opportunities available to all and empowered the human society. It creates capacity to respond and opportunities, to challenge their traditional roles and culture to change their living standard. . Literacy is an important and primary indicator of Human progress. According to 2011 population census report tribes constitute about 8.6 per cent of the total population of the country. Illiteracy among tribals is major barrier to their development. Their living conditions are poor; they have to struggle hard for their existence. Most of the children belonging from these categories with poor family do not go to school. It is inconsistent to accept that while the state is developing by the rest of the country and in the media as the most advanced state in using information technology, it is however true that the literacy rate in the state is satisfactory in eastern India . The governments have formulated several of schemes for the socio-economic development and adopted tribal sub-plan. Education adopted as a strategy for promoting the overall development of the tribes and for mainstreaming them. The Paper explains that Education is one of the key aspects for the human development among tribal people.

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: Education, Social inclusion, Exploratory Study, Scheduled Tribes & Humen development.

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In the words of Cheryll Glotfelty ecocriticism is a critical approach that describes and analyses the relationship between literature and the physical environment around us.Today academicians respond to environmental crisis by giving it a new direction toward interpretating literary ecology and investigating the relationship between nature and culture. Ecocritics help in addressing environmental issues by examining literary texts through the embedded values of ecological implication and understanding man's position in the ecological environment. Ecocriticism rejects the idea of constructing everything from social or linguistic point of view. They think nature originally exists beyond ourselves and it doesn't fit within any concept or idea. The representation of this entity can't be done through any cultural practice ant it can really affect us ceverely if we misuse it. Earlier the concept of ' wilderness' was seen as a space of anthropocentric benefit but now ecocritics have announced the extinction of wilderness because every part of the planet is affected by anthropocentric problems and global warming. This paper will focus on how Amitav Ghosh's novel Gun Islannd indicates towards colonialism and capitalism leading its way to environmental degradation and migration culture that clearly demolishes the balance between nature and culture. He has taken the help of Indian folklore called Banduki Sadagar,or ' Gun Merchant' to connect the past and present. As the merchant ran away to travel the various oceans and lands from the persecution of Manasa Devi, not only animals but also people were forced to migrate to different places as a result of climate change and pervasive capitalism in today's world. Similarly through the novel 'The Nutmeg's Curse' the paper explores how European colonizers created the massacre for plantation of nutmegs and trading it all over the world in Band islands. In that process they not only decimated the native people but also the relationship between nature and culture through demolishing the indigenous understanding between human and earth. When it proved to be unprofitable they even tried to destroy the trees and leaving the environment in crisis for future generation. Only human beings can restore the balance between nature and culture by creating a familiar bond of universal brotherhood with love and kindness within themselves and respecting or valuing nature on the other.

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Environment, Crisis, Nature, Culture, Brotherhood.

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Oral tradition of story telling has been an ancient precursor to literature. The primitive societies propagated knowledge from one generation to other through these oral tales. This practice of sharing wisdom, became a cultural heritage. The Royal State of Tripura traces it's heritage to the ancient time of Mahabharata where it was referred as 'Land of Kirats'. This small state of Tripura contains a mass collection of folk literatures. These tales gradually became legends and myths and established certain cultural symbols for the community. This paper aims to study these mythical eco-symbols by using Saussure's Semiotic Model . It will also apply Carl Jung's concept of 'Collective Unconscious' to decipher the recurring symbols and how they become a cultural identity for the tribes. These tales are not just mere reflections of tribal life, but have now become a great part of their tradition which this paper aims to discuss.

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Tripura, Folk Literature, Saussure, Semiotics, Myths, Collective Unconscious

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pharmacology is a dynamic and rapidly advancing field focused on understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of anticancer agents, their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and resistance patterns. With cancer being a global health burden, the evolution of pharmacological therapies from traditional cytotoxic drugs to targeted and immune-based therapies has transformed the treatment landscape. This review article explores the fundamentals of cancer pharmacology, categorization of anticancer drugs, drug resistance, side effects, and the emergence of personalized medicine, concluding with current challenges and future prospects.

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Cancer pharmacology is a specialized field that focuses on the development, mechanisms, and effects of drugs used to treat cancer. It explores how anticancer agents interact with cancer cells, their pharmacokinetics (ADME), pharmacodynamics, and toxicity profiles. The treatment landscape has evolved from conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy to modern targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and personalized medicine. Drugs like tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and checkpoint inhibi

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In India Natyashastra is the most authentic text on Indian dramaturgy. It is called the Natyaveda or the fifth Veda. God Brahma, the creator of the world is considered to be the writer of the text. But Brahma's composition was out of reach for any use because of its theatricality and obscurity. So the sage Bharatmuni transformed this text to a simpler version and made it more useful and practical. There are few things behind the success of theatre in independent India. These are production, acting and mainly script. The modern amateur theatre became popular because of the talented dramatist who wrote beautiful scripts but production or standard of acting was mediocre. In the 1960's experimental theatre movement along the ongoing feminist movement together gave birth to the feminist theatre in India. The point of its argument is that after the Natyashastra by Bharata or since Aristotle'e poetics dramatic performances or texts were produced followed by the male ideologies. The evolution of feminist theatre subverts not only the theatrical tradition but also shares the predicament of women and underrepresented experiences of them in patriarchal society. Women question and feminist concern have been exposed in Indian Theatre in between 1980 and 1990 in a prominent way. This paper explores how Anupama Chandrasekhar's play Free Outgoing showcases violence on women by exploiting her identity as Deepa, a 15 years old girl, daughter of a widowed mother Malini allows herself to be photographed by on a cell phone having sex with a boy at her school. The pictures are forwarded on the internet throughout the nation and almost overnight Malini, Deepa and her brother become focus of frenzied media. She becomes the victim of mob fury and her identity is shattered by the incident. On the other hand Annie Zadie's Name, Place, Animal, Thing portrays how a girl's identity is compromised and it affects her sense of belonging. The story is situated in a typical middle class family and Zadie lifts the veil sensitively on the sacrifices of the domestic help Nancy and the negligence she gets in return from the Malik family. She has spent all her life working for the family but she got nothing to belong there. Nancy's character is derived from three different women she knows and the family's treatment of the girl depicts her situation in the society.

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Identity, Violation , Feminist Concern, Exploitation, Theatrical Space.

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This paper is an attempt to examine the policy of 'Digital Locker' as a part of India's dream to become a knowledge economy and digital power. Digital Locker is one of the crucial steps towards digital transformation to reach India's goal embedded in the Digital India Programme launched in July 2015. Since now more attention is paid to the needs of the consumer. If the Services can be digitized it will be more fruitful. Digital Locker is a flagship initiative of Ministry of Electronics and IT under 'Digital India Programme'. Digital Locker aims to 'Digital Empowerment' of Indian citizen and its enhance to the country towards a paperless governance. The basic question that may be raised: Does Digital Locker empowers the citizens to grab the fruits of good governance based on transparency and accountability? If so, what role may the policy of Digital Locker take? What are the challenges towards the proper execution of Digital Locker? The purpose of this paper is to discuss recent uses, trends, purpose and pros and cons of Digital Locker applications.

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Key Words: Digital India, Transparency, Policy, Accountability

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Sports are often seen as a source of unity, discipline and national or community pride. However, beyond their surface appeal, they can also serve as instruments of power and control within a society. Through structured hierarchies, sports assign privilege and authority to certain individuals while marginalizing others. Loyalty to teams and athletes can silence dissent and uphold dominant social norms. This paper examines how power, hierarchy and social control are constructed and maintained through sports in Fredrik Backman's Beartown. This explores how sports reinforce existing power structures and are used to maintain social order through both visible and invisible forms of control. It analyzes the town's deep emotional and cultural investment in hockey as a mechanism that establish social order, grants authority to certain individuals, and marginalizes dissenting voices. The paper critically explores the symbolic violence inflicted on subordinated women, particularly through the community's reaction to sexual assault, revealing how silence, loyalty and fear operate as tools of control. Through characters like Maya, Amat and Kira, the research investigates how social norms tied to sports culture protect privilege and suppress justice. The study draws on real incidents in the novel to show how sports become a vehicle for both unity and exclusion, ultimately questioning the ethical consequences of blind communal loyalty.

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Sports, Community Pride, Hierarchy, Social Control, Sexual Assault, Silence, Loyalty and Fear.

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