Volume 12 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

In Tamil grammatical tradition, there are divisions such as letter, word, meaning, prosody, and style. Among these, the grammar of words is an indispensable aspect. A single letter cannot convey meaning on its own; it is the combination of letters that forms language. Therefore, language operates through words. These words are used by people in prose and poetry. Words used in prose convey a direct meaning. However, when used by poets, they convey hidden meanings through poetry. Ordinary people might not understand these poetic expressions. Only learned poets can interpret these hidden meanings. Even though literary words are employed in Tamil grammar, in some nuanced contexts, compound sentences are used to denote concise meanings. These compound words are employed to delve into the depths of the poetic meaning, and they are categorized into six types. These categories are used for the profundity of the poem's meaning, known as "Thogai." In Tamil grammatical tradition, there is a custom of classifying into 'Vagai' (type), 'Thogai' (compound), and 'Vari' (verse). Among these three categories, "Thogai" refers to collecting classified items. Generally, collecting is referred to as "Thogai," but in the tradition of word grammar, "Thogai" signifies hiding or coming together subtly. To articulate extensively while maintaining the poetic quality, "Thogai" has been used to express concisely. Among the six types of compounds ('Vetrumaith thogai' (case compound), 'Uvamaith thogai' (simile compound), 'Vinaith thogai' (verb compound), 'Panbuth thogai' (quality compound), 'Ummaith thogai' (reciprocal compound), and 'Anmozhith thogai' (descriptive compound)), this article will discuss the quality compound as found in the Kurinji poetry.

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 Keywords

Quality compound, Kurinji poetry, Grammatical tradition, Verse, Compound sentences, Thogai

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Sunscreen is a chemical compound that help protect you from UV rays sunburn is caused by ultraviolet B radiation but ultraviolet a may be more damaging to the skin. Sunscreen should ideally block both wavebands. Sunscreen should ideally block both wavebands. The aim of this study was to develop a topical sunscreen formulation based on some fixed oils, in combination with some medical plants. Regular use of sunscreen reduces the development of actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Sunscreen may be organic or inorganic chemicals. Sunscreen is also known as sunblock lotion. The sunlight includes dangerous radiations which influence the skin health. Herbal sunscreens resource the body's protection mechanisms to shield against harmful UV radiation from the sun. In the present study, sunscreen creams were formulated with Turmeric extract and Aloe vera extract. Physico-chemical evaluations and in-vitro evaluation was done and of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) were also performed for the formulations. The SPF calculation of prepared cream was done using Mansur equation and was compared with a marketed herbal product. The formulated cream was having good physicoche mical characteristics. The SPF evaluation results (SPF-24.888) indicated that the prepared herbal sunscreen has promising sun protection

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Classification, Mechanism of photo protection,

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Bodo language is one of the most prominent languages of north-east India among the tribal people. The language is originally derived from Sino-Tibetan language family under the TibetoBurman group. It is closely related to Dimasa, Garo, and Kokborok languages of Assam, Meghalaya and Tripura. This language speakers are residing in the north eastern part of India, in North-Bengal area of the state of West Bengal and in the neighbouring country Nepal. Regarding its origin, Bodo language has no any particular record. They use Devanagari Script for the writing purpose but earlier they used Roman Script for writing the language. The Bodo language is one of the 22 languages recognized by the government of India and included in the eight schedule of the Indian constitution. Bodo language was introduced as the medium of instruction in the primary level in 1963. Presently, this language is being used as medium of instruction in educational institutions up to the secondary level. In 1994, the Gauhati University introduced a diploma course in this language and in 1996, the Bodo language has attained a position of pride with the opening of post-graduate course in Bodo language and literature in the Gauhati University. There are numerous famous books on poetry, novel, drama, short story, biography, travelogue, children literature and literary criticism written in Bodo language.

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Language, Roman Script, Devanagiri, Recognised, Eight Schedule

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The Covid-19 Pandemic has resulted in extraordinary situations where global economies have been shut down using lockdown procedures to prevent the spread of this disease. Information has become the most valuable asset in the emerging world. Hence, information has become one of the major driving forces that lead a country towards sustainable development. So this study based upon the kinds of services provided by the academic libraries during and after the pandemic and the challenges faced by them. Also the studies discuss the measures taken to overcome the problems are examined and also the changes adapted by the libraries to manage the situation. The data was collected from the library staffs of University and College libraries of Kerala using Google form. The study shows that most of the academic libraries have started new online services and have been using social media new online software's to communicate with their users after this pandemic period. The results indicated that effective use of electronic resources requires library users possess skills to use the access equipment such as computers and Internet facilities. The findings further indicated that there is need for the library staff to create awareness of the available resources among library users.

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 Keywords

Remote Access; Covid-19; Pandemic; Academic libraries; Kerala; Library services; College Libraries

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The biggest sanitation initiative the Indian government has ever launched, the "Swachh Bharat Abhiyan" (SBA) was introduced on October 2, 2014, by the current prime minister of the country. The campaign's objective is to increase sanitation, hygiene, and cleanliness nationwide, with an emphasis on rural and urban slums. Among the main objectives of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan are the elimination of open defecation, improved solid waste management, promotion of safe and sustainable sanitation practices, and increased public awareness of the importance of hygiene and cleanliness. Ngopa town was adjudged as the 'best performer' under the Urban Towns category in the Mizoram Cleanliness Competition-2022 conducted by the Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation Department, Government of Mizoram. This exploratory study examines cleanliness awareness and performance in Ngopa, Mizoram. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, the research aims to evaluate the impact of local cleanliness initiatives, community participation, and government policies on the overall sanitation standards. Data was collected through surveys, interviews, and field observations, highlighting the community's engagement and challenges faced in maintaining hygiene. The findings reveal a moderate level of awareness and participation among residents, emphasizing the need for enhanced educational campaigns and infrastructural support to achieve sustainable cleanliness and hygiene in the region.

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Cleanliness, Government, Community, Awareness, Participation

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Hypertension is a major global public health concern and primary cause of strokes, cardiovascular illnesses, and early mortality. This study uses a mixed-methods approach to provide a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence, determinants and socio-economic implications of hypertension in the urban area of Ranjeet Nagar, West Delhi. The methods included quantitative surveys, clinical examinations and qualitative interviews. Data was collected on socio-demographic characteristics and various risk factors increasing the prevalence of Hypertension. Standard operating protocols were followed for taking blood pressure and anthropometric measures. To discover chance variables connected to hypertension, numerous calculated relapses were utilized in the consideration and chances proportions with 95% certainty interims were computed.A total of 400 patients were surveyed within the age range of 30-60 years, among them 171 male patients 27.8% were hypertensive and out of 229 female patients 27.1% were hypertensive. The prevalence of the hypertension among current smoking (n=93) and alcohol consumption (n=280) was 32.3% and 29.9% respectively. Nearly half of the patients were overweight and obese (BMI >=25 to <=29.9 kg/m2) and 32-36% were found to be hypertensive. Occupation, marital status, education levels, BMI, weight, functional capacity, and diet were each associated with hypertension. When fit in a multivariable logistic regression model, occupation (AOR=0.5), marital status (AOR=3.12), education levels (AOR=1.43), functional capacity (AOR=1.13) and diet (AOR=0.6), all remained significantly associated with hypertension. Additionally, it was discovered that the statistical data's p value was statistically significant in the information gathered. At least one in three persons between the ages of 30 and 60 in metropolitan areas suffer from hypertension, a public health hazard. Patient's age, occupation, marital status, education, weight, BMI, food, alcohol use, smoking and functional ability are all significant risk factors for hypertension. To stop hypertension and its increasing effects, preventative strategies that target the modifiable risk factors linked with hypertension are necessary.

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Hypertension,Risk factors,Urbanization,Obesity,BMI

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BACKGROUND - Very few studies have evaluated the association between occupational factors and Low back pain among coal based thermal power plant engineers and workers. The epidemiological data on LBP in India-Gujarat-Jamnagar are limited. OBJECTIVE - The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of LBP in coal based thermal power plant engineers and workers of Jamnagar-Gujarat-India and to investigate the role of occupational factors. METHODOLOGY - Participants in this online cross-sectional study were engineers and workers in coal based thermal power plant at Jamnagar-Gujarat-India. The questionnaire and Oswestry disability index were sent through a social media platform. SPSS was used to analyze the data with a significant level of p<0.05 RESULT -The data of 107 power plant workers and engineers were evaluated, most participants were male (n=107, 100%), 25 to 65 years old, 57.9% no need of pain killers, 70.1% persona care is not affected, 48.6% able to lift heavy weights, 61.7% can walk any distance without extra pain, 58.9% can sit in any chair for long time, 57.9% can stand for longtime without extra pain, 75.7% can sleep well without any pain, 80.4% social life is not affected, 67.3% can travel without extra pain, 73.8% able to do home / job activities without pain, more than 60% (n=107) of engineers and workers had no disability per the Oswestry disability index. CONCLUSION - LBP was highly prevalent among coal based thermal power plant engineers and workers. LBP was associated with weight lifting, walking, prolonged sitting and standing, travelling. HR department should raise awareness of LBP among the workers and engineers and methods to improve their life styles and behaviors.

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Prevalence, Low back pain, Risk factors, Coal based power plant engineers and workers, Jamnagar.

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Soft skills are increasingly important in modern workplaces, yet the methods for fostering them differ between higher education and industry. This study conducts a comparative evaluation of soft skills development in both sectors, drawing on existing literature and empirical research to assess the strategies, challenges, and outcomes of programs that enhance these skills. By investigating the teaching and assessment approaches for soft skills in both sectors, the research aims to trigger individuals' possibility for the workplace. While formal instruction and extracurricular activities are emphasized in higher education, industry places a stronger focus on practical experience and mentorship. Recognizing these differences is crucial for improving soft skills training and narrowing the gap between academic education and professional achievement.

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Industry Perspectives, Assessment Approaches, Practical Experience, Mentorship, Formal Instruction, Extracurricular Activities, Skill Enhancement, Professional Preparedness, Workforce Readiness, Bridging the Gap

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This study aims to determine the relationship between three factors that affect economic growth in Indonesia. The determinants of food security are food security index, government revenue for health services and population. The food security index was chosen as the first variable in this study, because the food security index is a measuring tool in describing food availability in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the variable of government income for health services was chosen because it is thought to have a close relationship with food distribution. And the last independent variable is the population variable or the number of people per region which was chosen because this variable is thought to contribute to the value of the increase in economic growth in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from several major websites, so it is concluded that only the Food Security Index variable and the Population variable have a positive effect on economic growth and have a significant effect.

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Economic Growth, Food Security Index, Health Services, Population

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Physical geography plays a crucial role in understanding and addressing climate change in western India. This region, characterized by diverse landforms, climatic conditions, and ecosystems, faces unique challenges due to climate change. This research article explores the intricate relationship between physical geography and climate change in western India, examining how geomorphological features, coastal dynamics, and arid and semi-arid landscapes influence and are influenced by climatic variations. It highlights the impact of climate change on natural resources, agriculture, and human settlements and the importance of sustainable practices in mitigating these effects. The study underscores the need for integrated geographic and environmental management strategies to enhance resilience against climate change in western India.

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Physical Geography, Climate Change, Western India, Geomorphology, Coastal Dynamics, Arid Landscapes, Natural Resources, Environmental Management

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