Volume 13 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Background: Balance impairment is a major concern in stroke rehabilitation. Loss of proprioception in the affected limb significantly impacts motor learning and balance re-education. While strength and functional training are commonly emphasized in rehabilitation, proprioception training may further enhance balance recovery. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of proprioceptive training in improving balance in stroke patients. Objective: Numerous reports advocate that training of the proprioceptive training is a viable for improving Balance. However, there is little agreement of what constitutes proprioceptive training and how effective it is. We therefore conducted a systematic review of the available literature in order to provide clarity to the notion of training the proprioceptive system to improve balance in stroke patients. Methodology: Major databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate were used in a thorough search. We examined and analysed studies from 2015 to 2025 that focused on proprioception training for stroke patients. 6 studies out of 10 publications met all the requirements and were chosen for additional review. Result: Stroke was the most common disorder studied for Proprioceptive training. However most of the articles showed improvement Balance after Proprioceptive training in Stroke patients. Discussion: The findings of this systematic review suggest that proprioceptive training is a highly effective intervention for improving balance in stroke patients. These exercises enhance neuromuscular control, postural stability, and mobility by stimulating sensory feedback mechanisms and proprioceptors in muscles and joints. Techniques such as unstable surface training, mental imagery, weight-shifting drills, and integration with thermal therapy, kinesio taping, or motor imagery have shown strong outcomes in both subacute and chronic stroke populations. However, variations in training protocols highlight the need for standardization and long-term research to confirm sustained benefits. Conclusion: The findings suggest that proprioception training plays a significant role in improving balance in stroke patients. Incorporating proprioception-based interventions into rehabilitation programs can enhance functional recovery and overall stability in this population. Keywords: Proprioceptive Training, Balance Improvement, Stroke Rehabilitation.

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 Keywords

Proprioceptive Training, Balance Improvement, Stroke Rehabilitation.

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 Abstract

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Effectiveness, Oral Hygiene, Self Instructional Module, tooth decay,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: Purpose: This research aims to analyze the financial structure of selected paper companies in Uttarakhand to evaluate their solvency and leverage positions. The research emphasizes understanding how different financial ratios and capital structure components influence the financial stability and risk profile of these companies. Methodology: The research follows a descriptive and analytical approach by secondary data from the published financial statements of five paper companies for the period 2019-20 to 2024-25. The study employs key financial ratios, including Interest Coverage Ratio, Debt-Equity Ratio, Financial Leverage Ratio, and Fixed Assets to Long-Term Debt Ratio. Additionally, the Kruskal-Wallis H test, a non-parametric statistical test, has been applied to determine significant differences among the companies. Data analysis was conducted using MS Excel and SPSS software. Findings: The study discloses significant differences in the financial structure and solvency ratios crosswise the selected companies. Companies with a balanced mix of debt and equity determine better financial health and sustainability related to highly leveraged firms. The Kruskal-Wallis test results indicate that significant variations occur in certain financial ratios among the companies. Value: This research offers valuable insights into the importance of maintaining an optimal financial structure within the paper industry. The findings can assist financial managers, investors, and policymakers in making informed decisions regarding capital structure strategies to ensure long-term viability.

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Keywords: Financial Structure, Capital Structure, Debt-Equity Ratio, Interest Coverage Ratio, Financial Leverage, Kruskal-Wallis Test, Paper Industry. C (companies name)

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The integration of large language models (LLMs) into clinical practice has marked a transformative shift in the delivery, management, and personalization of healthcare. This systematic review explores the emerging landscape of LLM-based applications within healthcare systems, focusing on their utility in clinical decision-making, medical documentation, patient communication, and educational support. Recent advances in transformer-based architectures such as GPT-4, Med-PaLM, and BioGPT have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating medical language, enabling more natural, efficient, and informed interactions between clinicians and patients. The review is based on a comprehensive analysis of peer-reviewed literature published between 2020 and 2025, drawn from databases including PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Explore, and arXiv. Findings indicate that LLMs are increasingly deployed in tasks such as differential diagnosis, electronic health record summarization, clinical triage, and mental health support, often with accuracy levels approaching or exceeding human performance in controlled settings. However, significant challenges remain, including issues of model hallucination, data privacy, medical bias, and ethical accountability. Moreover, the lack of domain-specific fine-tuning and explain ability continues to hinder clinical trust and adoption. This review also identifies best practices for safe deployment and outlines regulatory considerations for integrating LLMs into real-world medical environments. By synthesizing the current state of research, this paper provides a critical foundation for future developments in AI-assisted healthcare and underscores the need for rigorous validation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and policy frameworks to ensure that LLMs serve as reliable and equitable tools in clinical practice.

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 Keywords

: Large Language Models (LLMs), Clinical Decision Support, Medical AI, GPT-4, Med-PaLM, Healthcare Automation, Electronic Health Records (EHR), AI in Medicine, Medical Chabot's, Systematic Review, Natural Language Processing (NLP), AI-Powered Healthcare Solutions

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In the words of Cheryll Glotfelty ecocriticism is a critical approach that describes and analyses the relationship between literature and the physical environment around us. Today academicians respond to environmental crisis by giving it a new direction toward the interpretation of literary ecology and investigating the relationship between nature and culture. Ecocritics help in addressing environmental issues by examining literary texts through the embedded values of ecological implication and understanding man's position in the ecological environment. Ecocriticism rejects the idea of constructing everything from social or linguistic point of view. They think nature originally exists beyond ourselves and it doesn't fit within any concept or idea. The representation of this entity can't be done through any cultural practice ant it can really affect us severely if we misuse it. Earlier the concept of ' wilderness' was seen as a space of anthropocentric benefit but now eco-critics have announced the extinction of wilderness because every part of the planet is affected by anthropocentric problems and urbanization. This Paper will focus on how the novel Rising Heat by Perumal Murugan explores the effects of urbanization and environmental degradation in the life of Selvan and his family along with the other villagers who are displaced from their ancestral land by the order of the State government for building a housing colony. It depicts how this act of displacement impacts the people of both the males and females in a different way. While poor farmers are uprooted from their lands and face various economic challenges in their lives, on the other hand girls are trapped in human trafficking and prostitution. Thus both the nature and human beings are harmed in a different way and the relation between nature and culture gets imbalanced and affected.

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Gender, Intersection, Urbanization, Displacement, Crisis.

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Tourism significantly contributes to regional economic growth. Bihar, with its rich historical and cultural heritage, attracts numerous domestic and foreign tourists annually. The Anga Plain, a region with ancient significance dating back to the Mahabharata era, holds substantial tourism potential. This study analyses tourist arrivals in Bihar and the Anga Plain from 2001 to 2022 using secondary data and statistical methods. Findings reveal a marked increase in visitors, except during the COVID-19 period. However, challenges such as poor infrastructure and low awareness hinder growth. The study underscores the need for investment and promotion to fully realise the region's tourism potential.

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Bihar Tourism, Anga Plain, Infrastructure, COVID-19, Economic Growth.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study investigates the influence of social media influencers and sustainability awareness on the energy drink consumption patterns of Generation Z in Karnataka. As digital natives, Gen Z increasingly turns to platforms like Instagram and YouTube, where influencers play a critical role in shaping brand perception and purchase behavior. The research adopts a descriptive design, collecting primary data from 400 respondents aged 13-28 using structured questionnaires. Statistical tools such as descriptive analysis, t-tests, and ANOVA were employed to interpret the findings. Results indicate that influencer marketing significantly affects purchase decisions, especially through perceived authenticity, trust, and peer engagement. Content such as reviews and endorsements strongly influence brand choice, though skepticism about influencer credibility persists. The study also reveals a moderate inclination toward sustainable consumption among Gen Z, with recyclable packaging, eco-friendly branding, and responsible messaging being key considerations. Notable regional variations were observed, with districts like Mandya and Ramanagar displaying higher responsiveness to both influencer marketing and sustainability efforts. The findings provide valuable insights for FMCG brands and policymakers aiming to craft culturally relevant and ethically aligned marketing strategies. Combining influencer engagement with sustainability messaging can offer a strategic advantage in connecting with Gen Z's values and lifestyle aspirations

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Gen Z Consumption, Influencer Marketing, Energy Drinks, Sustainable Behavior, Purchase Decision Drivers.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The widespread use of social media has revolutionized the way individuals communicate, access information, and engage with mental health content. This article explores the multifaceted role of social media in promoting mental health, highlighting its capacity to raise awareness, provide peer support, disseminate educational resources, and de stigmatize mental illness. Drawing on global research, case studies, and psychological frameworks, the article examines both the positive and negative consequences of using social platforms such as Instagram, Twitter (X), Facebook, YouTube, and TikTok. While social media can be a valuable tool in mental health advocacy and community building, it also poses risks such as misinformation, cyber bullying, and harmful social comparisons. The article offers strategic recommendations for safe and constructive use of social media by mental health professionals, educators, content creators, and users to foster a more informed and emotionally resilient society.

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 Keywords

Social Media, Mental Health Promotion, Digital Advocacy, Peer Support, Online Communities, Emotional Resilience

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This project presents an integrated perception system for autonomous vehicles, leveraging the YOLOv8 deep learning model for real-time object detection, vehicle tracking, and traffic sign recognition. The system enhances situational awareness by accurately detecting dynamic road elements such as cars, buses, motorcycles, pedestrians, and static hazards like potholes and traffic signs. The image detection module effectively identifies multiple indoor objects, including persons, cups, chairs, potted plants, and laptops, achieving confidence scores above 0.5 and demonstrating low-latency processing suitable for static environments. In outdoor scenarios, the system successfully detects potholes with confidence scores ranging from 0.28 to 0.83, clearly marking even small or partially obscured hazards, thus improving road hazard awareness for autonomous navigation. The vehicle tracking module assigns unique IDs to moving vehicles, such as cars and buses, and continuously monitors their trajectories across video frames. This allows the system to predict movement directions and support collision avoidance in dynamic traffic conditions. Additionally, the system reliably identifies various traffic signs with high confidence, including gap in median, speed limits, give way, and width restriction signs. This enables autonomous vehicles to adjust navigation and speed, respond to road priorities, and plan paths through constrained spaces. Overall, the proposed YOLOv8-based framework demonstrates robust, real-time performance across diverse environments, significantly enhancing the safety and decision-making capabilities of autonomous driving systems

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- Autonomous Vehicles, Object Detection, YOLOv8, Vehicle Tracking, Traffic Sign Recognition, Pothole Detection, Real-Time Processing, Kalman Filtering, Road Hazard Awareness, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Deep Learning

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The idea of IOT Based Electoral System proposes a novel approach to enhance the efficiency and integrity of electoral processes by integrating 5 various and different domains of Internet of Things (IOT), Edge Cloud Computing, Image processing, Network Security, and Cyber Security Technology to transmit, store the data's safely and securely. Traditional voting systems often encounter challenges such as logistical constraints, inaccuracies, and delays in counting votes. We aim to streamline the casting of votes, ensuring 100% participation of senior citizens, physically challenged people, NRI citizens, even Migratory Workers and also non-interested citizens to vote with accuracy. Our proposed system involves the establishment of main voting stations equipped with IOT enabled devices to collect and transmit votes with high safety measures. These main stations receive and transmit the votes to various sub-stations located across different regions. Through robust encryption protocols and real-time data transmission, the integrity and confidentiality of the voting process are ensured. Furthermore, IOT sensors integrated into the voting booths provide real-time monitoring of voting activities, ensuring transparency and preventing fraudulent practices. The substations serve as decentralized points for voters to cast their votes conveniently, eliminating the need for extensive travel to centralized voting locations. By harnessing IOT technology, our proposed system aims to revolutionize the electoral process, guaranteeing the casting of 100% votes while maintaining the highest standards of security, efficiency, and transparency.

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 Keywords

Arduino Board, WIFI Module ESP8266, Finger Recognition Sensors, LCD (or) Touch screen display, NIR Cameras, PCB Board, Edge Cloud Computing, WAN, Image Processing, LAN, Image Processing and IOT.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition