Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Background: Agadatantra, the Ayurvedic science of toxicology, systematically classifies poisons (Visha) of plant, animal, and mineral origin and details their clinical presentation and management. Contemporary advances in molecular biology, genetics, and computational sciences offer tools to examine these classical principles through modern mechanistic frameworks. Objectives: This chapter aims to (i) delineate molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of plant- and animal-derived poisons; (ii) examine how genetic variability and pharmacogenomics shape individual toxic responses; (iii) contextualize the cellular and genetic impact of environmental pollutants within the Ayurvedic concept of Janpadodhvamsa; and (iv) evaluate the contribution of bioinformatics and computational modeling to toxin characterization, predictive toxicology, and personalized therapy. Methods: A narrative review approach was adopted, synthesizing evidence from classical Ayurvedic texts alongside contemporary literature in molecular toxicology, pharmacogenomics, and computational biology. Results and Discussion: Plant- and animal-derived toxins disturb cellular homeostasis through oxidative stress, receptor modulation, enzymatic inhibition, and apoptotic pathways processes mirrored in Ayurvedic symptomatology. Genetic polymorphisms in detoxification enzymes validate Prakriti-based susceptibility. Environmental toxins cause DNA damage and immune dysregulation consistent with Janpadodhvamsa. Computational tools such as molecular docking, pathway mapping, network pharmacology, and omics integration extend the investigative scope of Agadatantra. Conclusion: Integrating traditional Ayurvedic toxicology with molecular and computational sciences yields a holistic, evidence-enriched paradigm for advancing toxicology research, validating classical concepts, and guiding precision antidote development.

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 Keywords

Sthavara Visha, Jangama Visha, molecular toxicology, pharmacogenomics, Janpadodhvamsa, bioinformatics, personalized toxicology.

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Career planning and career development are becoming increasingly complex due to the rapidly changing demands of the sector, technological progress and the evolving demands of the workforce. Traditional career guidance approaches often lack personalization, scalability and real-time adaptability, which makes it difficult for students and professionals to make informed career choices. This document presents CareerAI, an intelligent AI-driven career guidance and coaching platform for personalised career advice, industry insights, resume optimization, interview preparation and cover letter generation using generative artificial intelligence. The proposed platform integrates large language models with user profile analysis to provide tailored career guidance based on educational background, skills, interests, experience and career objectives. The system uses Gemini AI to produce sector-specific insights, identify skills gaps, recommend learning paths and provide market-relevant career information. In addition, AI-powered modules for enhancing resumes and job interviews help users to improve employability and job readiness. The platform is developed with Next.js 15, React 19, Prisma ORM, PostgreSQL, Clustered Verification, Tailwind CSS, and Gemini AI. The experimental evaluation shows that the platform is effective in improving career planning effectiveness, resume quality, interview readiness and decision-making skills. The results show that AI-assisted career guidance can provide scalable and personalised support for professional development, while bridging the gap between academic qualifications and the expectations of the workplace.

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artificial intelligence, career guidance, career coaching, generative AI, resume optimization, interview preparation, personalized recommendation system, career development.

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In Ayurveda, acne is considered to be caused by an imbalance of the tri doshas - Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Following a balanced Ayurvedic diet that is suitable for your dosha type can also help in preventing and treating acne. Human skin is the most susceptible body part, which is highly vulnerable to exposure to microorganisms and pathogens, leading to a variety of skin-related diseases. One of the causes of acne vulgaris at puberty is hormonal changes in the body. E. Coil species & Staphylococcus are mainly responsible for the formation of acne and cutaneous infections on the skin. Ethanolic extract of Symplocos bark was investigated extensively for its antiacne activity. Formulation of topical gel was prepared by using Carbopol 934, Sodium alginate, Symplocos bark extract, methyl paraben, sufficient quantity of distilled water. The prepared formulation was evaluated for physical appearance, pH, spreadability, and viscosity for antiacne activity. In vitro antibacterial activity was performed against S. aureus and E. coli, using Muller-Hinton agar by the well diffusion method. The results from the Muller-Hinton agar well diffusion method confirmed that Symplocos racemosa Roxb. would inhibit the growth of S. aureus and E. coli, and the prepared herbal gel showed antibacterial activity against these bacteria.

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Sagging, Follicles, Melanocytes, Vulgaris, Pustule.

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Achyranthes aspera Linn. (Prickly Chaff Flower) is a significant or notable medicinal herb that is a member of the Amaranthaceae family. It has been adopted in traditional medical systems, including Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and folk medicine, for centuries. The plant is highly considered for its diverse therapeutic properties and is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. This review provides a compact summary of the available data regarding the taxonomy, vernacular names, geographical distribution, botanical characteristics, ethnopharmacological significance, traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of A. aspera. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, phytosterols, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and amino acids has been identified through phytochemical investigations, all of which contribute to the plant's biological activities. Experimental research has revealed a variety of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, hepatoprotective, hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic, bronchoprotective, wound healing, anti-allergic, diuretic, larvicidal, spermicidal, and anthelmintic properties. The traditional use of this substance is well-established by its Wide range of medicinal properties, which also highlight its potential as a valuable source for the development of new therapeutic agents. However, additional phytochemical investigations, toxicological evaluations, and well-designed clinical studies are essential to establish its safety, efficacy, and therapeutic applications in contemporary medicine

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Achyranthes aspera, Prickly Chaff Flower, Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemical Constituents, Traditional Medicine, Pharmacological Activities, Medicinal Herb.

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Environmental accounting and reporting have become important components of sustainable industrial management, especially in pollution-intensive industries such as mining. Rajasthan is one of the leading mining states in India and contributes significantly to the production of minerals such as marble, limestone, sandstone, gypsum, and zinc. Although mining activities support economic growth and employment generation, they also create environmental problems such as air pollution, water contamination, land degradation, and ecological imbalance. Therefore, mining companies are increasingly adopting environmental accounting and environmental reporting practices to improve sustainability and compliance with environmental laws. The present study analyzes the types of environmental accounting used in the Rajasthan mining sector, the environmental accounting practices followed by mining companies, and the environmental reporting techniques adopted by organizations. The study also examines the effectiveness of different environmental accounting techniques and their impact on organizational performance and sustainability. Both primary and secondary data were used for the research. Primary data were collected from 100 respondents working in mining companies through structured questionnaires, while secondary data were collected from journals, annual reports, sustainability reports, and government publications. The study uses percentage analysis and chi-square testing to examine the relationship between environmental accounting practices and organizational performance, as well as the relationship between environmental reporting techniques and corporate sustainability performance. The findings reveal that companies using advanced environmental accounting and reporting techniques achieve better environmental compliance, cost control, transparency, and corporate reputation. The study concludes that environmental accounting and reporting are essential for sustainable development in the Rajasthan mining sector.

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 Keywords

Environmental Accounting, Environmental Reporting, Mining Sector, Sustainability, Rajasthan

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Overutilization of artificial chemical pesticides during the cultivation of sugarcane leads to adverse effects on the soil and ecological systems, as well as development of insect resistance to them, which demands the use of sustainable measures to protect sugarcane. This research is aimed at investigating the effectiveness of environmentally friendly integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for the control of three main sugarcane stem borers, namely, Early Shoot Borer (ESB), Top Shoot Borer (TSB) and Internode Borer (INB) in Maihar, Madhya Pradesh, India throughout the whole cropping season (July 2023-March 2025). The use of Co. 86032 cultivar of sugarcane was practiced along with monitoring of pest dynamics and weather conditions. IPM measures were applied to the crop in accordance with crop growth phases. The control of ESB pests (35-80 DAP) was provided with the help of Trichogrammachilonis (50,000/ha) and ChiloGranulovirus (ChGV) spray resulting in 68.14% reduction of the pest population. More significantly, for extremely resilient INB (120 DAP to harvest), the synergistic interaction of entomopathogenic fungal species (B. bassiana and M. anisopliae), coupled with increased numbers of T. chilonisapplication (100,000/ha), achieved a very significant 73.83% overall reduction in pests. This is a marked improvement over previously conducted separate biocontrol efforts for the management of INB. These results prove that when used timely through phenology-based application, biologicals and botanics exhibit comparable efficacy to synthetic options. Using such an environmentally friendly IPM system will help to ensure sustainable cultivation of sugar cane in the future.

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Sugarcane stem borer, Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Trichogrammachilonis, Entomopathogenic fungi, Sustainable agriculture

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Abstract The present study discusses the representation of sectarian hegemony and cultural resistance in post-2003 Iraq in Ahmed Al-Saadawi's novel Frankenstein in Baghdad (2013) through Antonio Gramsci's theoretical concept of hegemony and counter-hegemony. This paper explores Al-Saadawi's representation of the Iraqi state's use of sectarian division as a means of political control and, at the same time, everyday acts of resistance by the marginalized. The study shows how the state enforces sectarian fragmentation through coercive apparatuses by focusing on key scenes, especially the police intervention on the Virgin Mary statue in the protagonist Hadi's home. It also shows how ordinary people resist this imposition through symbolic acts of coexistence. The analysis is based on Gramsci's Prison Notebooks and draws on subsequent neo-Gramscian work in cultural studies. The findings suggest that Al-Saadawi depicts sectarianism as a manufactured hegemonic strategy rather than a natural and ancient phenomenon, requiring the state to use perpetual violence to maintain its hegemony. Unlike this, Hadi's hanging a Christian symbol in his Muslim home is an organic counter-hegemony, a rejection from below of sectarian discourses imposed by the state. The paper ends with the idea that literature, especially the Iraqi novel after 2003, is an important site for documenting and critiquing the political exploitation of religious identity, offering perspectives that compete with and sometimes precede political science analyses. This research contributes to literary studies, political theory, and post-colonial criticism by demonstrating how fictional narratives can illuminate the mechanisms of hegemony and resistance in societies recovering from conflict.

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Gramsci, Hegemony, Counter-Hegemony, Sectarianism, Iraq, Frankenstein in Baghdad, Ahmed Al-Saadawi, Cultural Resistance.

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Rajasthan, India's largest state by geographical area, is characterized by extensive arid and semi-arid landscapes where xerophytic vegetation plays a critical ecological role in maintaining ecosystem stability, conserving biodiversity, regulating soil processes, and supporting rural livelihoods. Native xerophytic species such as Prosopis cineraria, Acacia senegal, Acacia nilotica, Salvadora persica, Ziziphus nummularia, Capparis decidua, and Tecomella undulata have evolved specialized physiological and morphological adaptations that enable survival under prolonged water scarcity, high solar radiation, nutrient-poor soils, and extreme temperatures. However, accelerating climate change, increasing atmospheric temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns, prolonged drought events, land degradation, and anthropogenic disturbances have significantly altered the ecological dynamics of Rajasthan's dryland ecosystems. These environmental pressures have resulted in habitat degradation, declining vegetation cover, reduced regeneration potential, shifts in species composition, and increasing vulnerability of native flora.

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Rajasthan, India's largest state by geographical area, is characterized by extensive arid and semi-arid landscapes where xerophytic vegetation plays a critical ecological role in maintaining ecosystem stability, conserving biodiversity, regulating soil processes, and supporting rural livelihoods. Native xerophytic species such as Prosopis cineraria, Acacia senegal, Acacia nilotica, Salvadora persica, Ziziphus nummularia, Capparis decidua, and Tecomella undulata have evolved specialized phys

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Sustainable business practices have become an essential component of modern organizational strategies due to increasing environmental concerns, social responsibilities, and economic challenges. Organizations across the world are adopting sustainable practices to enhance operational efficiency, improve corporate reputation, and achieve long-term growth. This research paper examines the concept of sustainable business practices, their importance, implementation strategies, challenges, and impact on organizational performance. The study highlights how businesses integrate environmental, social, and economic sustainability into their operations and decision-making processes. The paper concludes that sustainable business practices not only contribute to environmental protection and social welfare but also provide competitive advantages and financial benefits to organizations.

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Sustainability, Green Business, Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainable Development, Modern Organizations

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The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) in smart grid environments demands advanced control strategies to address the inherent uncertainties and dynamic nature of such systems. This paper presents the development and analysis of adaptive and robust controller architectures designed to enhance the performance, reliability, and stability of renewable energy integration within smart grids. The proposed control framework combines adaptive control techniques, which respond to real-time changes in system parameters, with robust control methods that ensure performance under worst-case disturbances and model uncertainties. This dual-layered approach enhances system resilience against fluctuations in renewable generation and varying load demands. Simulation results using standard smart grid models demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers in maintaining voltage and frequency stability, minimizing power quality issues, and optimizing energy dispatch. The findings underscore the potential of adaptive and robust control architectures in ensuring efficient and reliable smart grid operation, thereby supporting the broader transition toward sustainable and renewable energy systems.

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Adaptive Control, Robust Control, Smart Grid Systems, Renewable Energy Integration.

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