Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

The paper studies the political mobilization of other backward classes that are non-Yadav and those that are non-Jatav scheduled castes. In the process, it analyses the role of Hindu nationalist groups in Uttar Pradesh between the years of 1990-2022. It finds that the political mobilization did not happen immediately and was not pre-ordained. The paper identifies two important points - first, at two different time frames, Hindu groups were outperformed by the caste formations in terms of mobilization at the state level. Second, the realignment that took place in the year of 2014 was not simply due to one factor but rather came as a result of different systems and factors coming together. The paper makes the comparison between the three systems and thus establishes the impact of what had been happening previously.

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 Keywords

Hindu nationalism, Bharatiya Janata Party, non-dominant castes, OBC politics, Dalit politics, Uttar Pradesh, Hindutva, social engineering.

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Turmeric, agricultural commodity normally called "Golden Spice" it plays a crucial role in Indian agriculture as well as in world trade. India is a global biggest turmeric producer and unique turmeric exporter, it contributes around 60 percent of world exports. This research paper examines the dynamics of turmeric production in India and its trade especially focusing on state-wise turmeric production performance and world export competitiveness during the analysed period of 2015-2025. The results revealing a structural shift in domestic turmeric production with Maharashtra is a dominating producer in volume because of notable expansion of turmeric cultivation area. But some states like Tamil Nadu, Telangana and Karnatak exhibit significant level of productivity. It indicates the effective implementation of modern methods and regional economic interventions. Even there is a fluctuation in turmeric cultivational area and its production, India has been dominating key share in world turmeric exports between 58 percent to 66 percent during the research period. The import-export ratio of turmeric consistently favorable situation. It indicates that India has a strong trade hold in international market. An important finding of this research paper, the India's turmeric exports increased sharply during 2024-25. It is understood that the world price appreciation and higher unit value is a primary driver of export earnings. This research paper concludes that India is a leader in world turmeric market is supported not only by production capabilities but by well-established trade unfractured, modern technology, procession capacity and facing international demand. Identifying low-yield regions and various promotional activities should be carried out to sustain India's world competitiveness in the turmeric trade.

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 Keywords

Turmeric, Trend, Area, Productivity and Exports-imports.

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Service Automation; Job Satisfaction; Employee Perception; Workplace Automation; Employee Engagement; Technology Adoption.

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Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and is associated with substantial functional impairment, reduced quality of life, and increased healthcare utilization. Apple cider vinegar (ACV) and table salt have traditionally been used for musculoskeletal discomfort because of their purported anti-inflammatory and soothing properties; however, scientific evidence supporting their effectiveness in the management of low back pain remains limited.Objective: To describe the clinical outcomes following the topical application of an apple cider vinegar and table salt mixture in a patient with chronic nonspecific low back pain.Case Presentation:A 22-year-old female with chronic non-specific mechanical low back pain participated in a seven-day observational case study in which a topical mixture of apple cider vinegar and table salt was applied once daily to the lumbosacral region. Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), while subjective changes in lumbar stiffness, mobility, and ability to perform activities of daily living were documented throughout the observation period.Results: The participant demonstrated a gradual reduction in pain intensity during the intervention period, accompanied by decreased lumbar stiffness, improved mobility, and greater ease in performing routine daily activities. The topical application was well tolerated, and no adverse effects were reported. Although symptomatic improvement was observed, pain persisted to a mild degree, and complete resolution was not achieved by the end of the observation period. Conclusion: This case report suggests a possible temporal association between topical application of apple cider vinegar and table salt mixture and symptomatic improvement in chronic nonspecific low back pain. Larger, well-designed randomized controlled trials are required to determine the efficacy and safety of this complementary intervention.

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Apple cider vinegar, table salt, chronic nonspecific low back pain, complementary therapy, topical application, musculoskeletal pain.

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Cervical cancer arises in the cervix, typically due to persistent infection with high-risk HPV, a common sexually transmitted virus. Early stages usually show no symptoms, but later stages can cause abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain, and pain during sex. Regular Pap smears and HPV tests helps to catch precancerous changes early, reducing the risk. The HPV vaccine is crucial for prevention, and treatment options include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy based on the cancer's stage.

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Cervical Cancer, Women, Knowledge, Expressed Practices, Planned Teaching Programme.

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Growth of small tea gardens initiated during the last part of the 20th century is considered as a turning point for the traditional agricultural economy of Assam towards commercial farming. Small scale tea farming also appeared to open up new doors for a few other commercial agricultures and allied agricultural activities that characterized the rural economic landscape of Assam at the onset of the present century. It is observed that the small-scale tea gardens, which presented a sharp growth rate contributing significantly to income and employment generation in rural areas present a sluggish growth rate after the year 2010. Such a growth recession of the small tea gardens appears to impact adversely the economic growth momentum achieved by the small and medium tea farmers of Assam. Sharp regional and seasonal variation in prices of green tea leaves produced by the small-scale tea growers and rise in their production cost leads to recession of both the growth and expansion of small scall tea gardens in the study area as against a spurt in the growth of allied agricultural activities. Absence of any secured pricing system for the products of the small tea gardens is likely to make this vibrant sector of rural economic growth a retrograded sector of commercial agriculture of Assam. The present work intends to analyzed the causes of growth recession of small-scale tea gardens and its impact on the rural economy of Assam; considering Sonitpur district as a representative areal unit of study.

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Small Tea Gardens, Growth, Recession, Rural Economy, Sustainable

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This study explores consumer impulse buying behavior influenced by flash sales and limited-time promotions in Ranchi City, Jharkhand. In the era of digital marketing and e-commerce growth, time-bound promotional strategies such as flash sales and limited-time offers have become powerful tools to stimulate unplanned purchasing decisions among consumers. The research aims to understand how these promotional techniques affect consumer psychology, decision-making, and purchasing patterns in an emerging urban market like Ranchi. The study is based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire from 100-150 respondents. The collected data has been analyzed using percentage analysis along with the help of tables, bar graphs, and pie charts to present the findings in a clear and systematic manner. The research focuses on identifying key factors such as urgency, perceived discounts, social influence, emotional triggers, and convenience that contribute to impulse buying behavior. The findings reveal that flash sales and limited-time promotions significantly influence consumers by creating a sense of urgency and fear of missing out (FOMO), leading to spontaneous purchase decisions. Consumers, especially young and digitally active individuals, are more prone to impulse buying during such promotional events. However, factors like income level, awareness, and prior purchase planning also play a moderating role. The study concludes that while these marketing strategies effectively boost short-term sales, they also shape consumer behavior patterns in the long run. It suggests that businesses should use such promotional tools strategically while consumers should develop awareness to make more rational purchasing decisions.

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Impulse Buying Behavior, Flash Sales, Limited-Time Promotions, Consumer Behavior, Ranchi, Jharkhand

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Abstract In the 21st century, the gravitas of global politics and economics has decisively shifted from the Euro-Atlantic to the Indo-Pacific region. As a conduit for over half of the world's maritime trade and energy lifelines, the stability of this region is paramount. However, contemporary security dynamics are threatened by emerging challenges, most notably China's assertive military expansionism, unilateral attempts to alter the status quo, maritime piracy, and supply chain vulnerabilities. In this volatile theatre, India and Japan--the two premier democratic anchors of Asia--have transitioned their relationship from economic synergy to a robust defence and strategic alliance. This research paper analyses the multi-dimensional security challenges plaguing the Indo-Pacific. It evaluates the evolution of India-Japan defence cooperation through institutional frameworks (such as the 2+2 dialogues), interoperability exercises (such as JIMEX, Dharma Guardian), and the historic shift toward defence technology co-development, epitomized by the 2026 UNICORN stealth antenna project. Ultimately, the paper contends that the India-Japan "Special Strategic and Global Partnership" serves as the bedrock for guaranteeing a Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) and maintaining a multipolar regional balance of power.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Indo-Pacific, India-Japan Defence Cooperation, Chinese Expansionism, QUAD, Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP), UNICORN Project, Economic Security, Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA).

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Kaumarbhritya, one of the eight branches of Ayurveda, deals comprehensively with neonatal and paediatric healthcare. Ancient Ayurvedic scholars emphasized not only nutrition and disease management but also the psychological, emotional, intellectual, and social wellbeing of children. Among the various supportive measures described for proper child growth and development, Kridanaka (toys) hold a significant place. Ayurvedic classics describe ideal toys as attractive, lightweight, colourful, safe, non-toxic, non-frightening, and developmentally stimulating. These toys were intended to enhance sensory perception, motor coordination, cognitive development, emotional stability, and social interaction in infants and children. The present review explores the classical references, characteristics, classification, developmental significance, therapeutic applications, and modern scientific relevance of Kridanaka in Kaumarbhritya. Ancient Ayurvedic descriptions are correlated with contemporary paediatric developmental psychology and modern toy safety standards. The study highlights that toys in Ayurveda were not considered mere play objects but important tools for holistic development and behavioural conditioning. The review further discusses the importance of age-appropriate toys, environmental enrichment, and play therapy in child healthcare. Revisiting the Ayurvedic concept of Kridanaka may contribute significantly toward safe, natural, and development-oriented childcare practices in modern society.

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 Keywords

Kaumarbhritya, Kridanaka, Ayurveda, Toys, Paediatric Development, Child Psychology, Kashyapa Samhita, Play Therapy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Smart Irrigation System is designed to make farming easier and more efficient by using modern IoT technology. It helps farmers provide the right amount of water to their crops by continuously monitoring soil moisture, temperature, humidity and rainfall conditions. The system uses sensors to collect real-time data and an ESP32 microcontroller to automatically control irrigation based on the needs of the soil. It is connected to web application, allowing farmers to check field conditions, receive alerts via email and control the system remotely. By reducing water wastage, saving time and improving crop health, this system provides a practical and affordable solution for smarter and more sustainable farming.

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 Keywords

Smart Irrigation System, Internet of Things, IoT, Precision Farming, Automation, Sensors.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition