Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Edu Tech Fusion represents a transformative approach in education by integrating technological innovations with pedagogical strategies to enhance learning outcomes and engagement. This fusion addresses the evolving demands of modern educational environments where technology is indispensable for facilitating customized, interactive, and effective instruction. The integration focuses on harmonizing advanced digital tools--such as artificial intelligence, learning management systems, and multimedia resources--with well-founded pedagogical principles like learner-centered instruction, active learning, and reflective teaching practices. Such a combination aims not only to improve student academic performance but also to foster critical skills, motivation, and inclusivity in diverse learning contexts. One key aspect of EduTech Fusion is the development of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) among educators to design and implement technology-enhanced learning effectively. Faculty support through instructional consultation and professional development enables the creation of pedagogical frameworks that align content expertise with digital tools, thereby promoting deeper student understanding and engagement. Moreover, the successful integration requires leadership support to champion initiatives and cultivate a culture of continuous innovation and collaboration among educators. Leadership plays a critical role in providing infrastructure, training, and policies that facilitate seamless technology integration. Research indicates that learner-centered pedagogical approaches combined with technology integration lead to active and meaningful learning experiences, which enhance knowledge retention and critical thinking skills. Additionally, the inclusion of reflective practice among educators allows for on-going evaluation and optimization of instructional strategies, ensuring adaptability to student needs and technological advancements. However, challenges such as infrastructural disparities, limited training, and resistance to change persist, necessitating strategic planning and equity-focused initiatives to bridge digital divides and support all learners. In summary, EduTech Fusion embodies a comprehensive educational paradigm that blends technology and pedagogy to redefine teaching and learning experiences. By leveraging innovative technologies in conjunction with sound educational practices and leadership facilitation, this integration holds significant potential to improve educational outcomes, foster inclusivity, and prepare learners for the demands of the digital age.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: EduTech Fusion, Technology Integration, Pedagogical Strategies, TPACK, Learner-Centered Learning, Educational Leadership.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 emphasises "Clean Water and Sanitation" for all (UNDP, 2006). One of the main objectives of SDG 6 is sustainable water usage to safeguard against water wastage around the globe. However, with limited clean drinking water resources and growing demand and consumption because of population explosion, urbanisation, and swift industrialisation, water scarcity worldwide has posed serious challenges to the availability and conservation of domestic drinking water. This crisis requires urgent behavioural interventions to address drinking water scarcity and conservation. While technology and science play a significant role, individual conservation behaviour is dependent on cognitive heuristics and biases. In addition, the combined impact of loss aversion, temporal discounting, and social norms on water conservation judgments and decision-making is worth considering. For example, framing water waste as an immediate, tangible personal loss can lead to significantly higher conservation behaviour than traditional framing that highlights delayed collective benefits. The application of theoretical understanding of prospect theory, construal level theory, social norms theory and choice theory in water sustainability and conservation can provide a practical, evidence-based framework for designing highly effective public policies and targeted campaign strategies addressing the drinking water crisis. This study utilises a systematic review of past research related to sustainable consumption and conservation of drinking water and pro-environmental behaviour, dependent on loss aversion, temporal discounting and message framing. The present study also proposes a new concept named Actionable Normative Loss Framing (ANLF), a three-pillared behavioural intervention framework to address water conservation behaviour. The study concluded that framing techniques can be effectively utilised to enhance water conservation behaviour.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Water Sustainability, Water Conservation, Temporal Discounting, Framing Effect, Loss Aversion, Prospect Theory, Construal Level Theory, Social Norms, Message Framing, Pro-environment Behaviour, Actionable Normative Loss Framing (ANLF).

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

As e-commerce and digital transactions have rapidly grown in India, the consumer marketplace has changed and simultaneously, the number of consumer disputes arising out of online transactions have increased. Such disputes are often not adequately addressed by conventional litigation, due to procedural delays, high costs and geographical barriers. Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) is an effective technology enabled mechanism that combines Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) with digital platforms to provide accessible, efficient and inexpensive dispute resolution. This article critically examines the role of ODR in improving consumer dispute resolution in India under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 and India's Digital India initiative. The study analyses the existing legal and institutional framework governing ODR, with particular emphasis on consumer disputes, adopting a doctrinal research methodology. It also looks at how online consumer grievance mechanisms and ODR platforms work, the legal and practical challenges that are critical to their implementation, and what is needed to make them more effective. The paper argues that for ODR to be a trusted and effective method of consumer justice in India's fast-growing digital economy, there is a need for a robust legal infrastructure, greater institutional support, technological availability and consumer awareness.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Online Dispute Resolution (ODR), Consumer Protection, E-commerce Disputes, Digital India, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Teaching is a profession that requires not only subject knowledge but also emotional competence. Future teachers face academic pressures, classroom challenges, and interpersonal responsibilities that demand emotional stability and self-awareness. Emotional Intelligence (EI) enables teachers to recognize, understand, and regulate their own emotions while responding empathetically to students. Yoga, an ancient Indian discipline, promotes harmony between the body, mind, and spirit through physical postures, breathing techniques, meditation, and mindfulness. Research indicates that regular yoga practice improves emotional regulation, reduces stress, enhances concentration, and strengthens interpersonal relationships. Integrating yoga into teacher education can help prospective teachers develop resilience, patience, empathy, and effective communication skills. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 also emphasizes holistic education, well-being, and the integration of Indian Knowledge Systems, making yoga a valuable component of teacher preparation. This paper discusses the concepts of yoga and emotional intelligence, the role of yoga in developing emotionally intelligent teachers, practical yoga techniques, benefits for teacher trainees, implications for B.Ed. colleges, challenges, and recommendations for effective implementation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Yoga, Emotional Intelligence, Teacher Education, B.Ed. Students, Mindfulness, NEP 2020

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Love remains one of the most pervasive and complex themes in literature. It is addressed across countless literary works spanning cultures, genres, and historical periods (Zala and Joshi 23). Love can function as a constructive force that inspires selfless sacrifice, or as a destructive force that leads to irrationality and ruin. As perhaps the most profound human emotion, love -- whether platonic or romantic, fleeting or eternal -- forges critical connections, inflicts heartbreak, imparts life-altering lessons, and can permanently redirect the course of a life. Consequently, its frequent appearance in literature is prosaic. The theme resists simple due to its universal-mindedness, yet its presence persistently lifts narrative emotionally vibrant and indelible levels. While many texts traverse love, few depict its selfless dimension with the clarity of O. Henry's 1905 short story The Gift of the Magi.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

A study of love, sacrifice, and wisdom in O. Henry's "The Gift of the Magi"

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The emergence of generative Artificial Intelligence has transformed the digital ecosystem by enabling the creation of realistic synthetic images, audio recordings, and videos with minimal human intervention. Although these technological advancements have contributed to innovation across various sectors, they have simultaneously facilitated new forms of cybercrime. Among the most alarming developments is the misuse of deepfake technology to target women through the creation and dissemination of fabricated intimate content, identity impersonation, cyber harassment, online blackmail, and reputational attacks. Such practices threaten women's digital safety and raise serious concerns regarding privacy, dignity, autonomy, and access to justice.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence (AI); Generative Artificial Intelligence; Deepfake Technology; Cyber Violence Against Women; Cybercrime; Digital Privacy; Women's Digital Rights; Technology-Facilitated Gender-Based Violence; Information Technology Act, 2000; Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background: Blood transfusion is a vital therapy in modern health care, but the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) is still a huge challenge despite substantial improvements in donor screening. Conventional serological assays can be negative in early infections, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and other emerging pathogens continue to pose a threat to blood safety during the diagnostic window period. Therefore, the use of highly sensitive diagnostic technologies for better transfusion safety has become an objective of global importance. Objective: This review aims at critically discussing the principles, diagnostic performance, advantages and disadvantages, application and implementation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nucleic acid testing (NAT) in blood donor screening with a focus on the advantages, limitations, and clinical applications of these tests. Key findings: ELISA is the main method of routine blood donor screening due to its high specificity, low cost, scalability, and compatibility with automated laboratory systems. However, NAT allows for a direct detection of viral DNA or RNA, thus significantly shortening the window period for HIV, HBV and HCV and minimizing the potential of transmission of viral infections. Based on comparative analysis, both NAT and ELISA have their distinct merits and drawbacks, with NAT being more sensitive in terms of being able to detect pathogens earlier and perform analysis, and ELISA being more cost-effective and accessible, particularly in low-resource areas. These assays are recommended for simultaneous use, as this combination seems to be most effective for increasing blood safety (currently there is evidence supporting that). Implementation challenges in LMICs are also discussed and some emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, CRISPR diagnostics, microfluidic platforms, next-generation sequencing and digital blood management systems are highlighted. Conclusion: A combined molecular and serological screening will increase transfusion safety, early detection of pathogens, and public trust in blood transfusion services. Advances in multiplex molecular diagnostics, automation, digital health technologies and global standardization of blood screening practices will continue to shatter the infection transmission risk associated with transfusion and enhance equitable access to safe blood supplies across the world, in the years ahead.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Blood transfusion; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); Nucleic acid testing (NAT); Blood donor screening; Transfusion-transmitted infections; Blood safety; Diagnostic window period; Molecular diagnostics

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine conditions world-wide. They include a range of both benign and malignant growths. Diagnosing these disorders involves combining cytopathological evaluation, histopathological confirmation, and thyroid function tests (TFTs). Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is widely seen as the first choice for diagnosing thyroid nodules because it is simple, cost-effective, and provides high diagnostic results. Recent studies show a strong connection between cytological and histopathological findings, with agreement rates reaching up to 90% in many cases. This highlights the reliability of FNAC for preoperative assessment. However, differences between cytology and histopathology still occur. These discrepancies are mainly due to sampling errors, similar features in different conditions, and the presence of mixed or unclear lesions. Reported sensitivity and specificity of FNAC change across studies, pointing out the need for consistent reporting systems and team evaluations. Thyroid function tests, which measure serum T3, T4, and TSH levels, give important physiological context. They help distinguish between functional disorders like hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism and structural problems. Although TFTs alone cannot tell benign from malignant lesions, their link with cytological and histological results improves diagnostic accuracy and helps guide clinical management. Recent findings support a combined diagnostic method that merges cytology, histopathology, radiology, and biochemistry to enhance early detection, reduce unnecessary surgeries, and improve patient outcomes. Developments in molecular diagnostics and imaging techniques further strengthen this link by helping to better classify unclear lesions. In summary, the connection between cytopathological results, histopathology, and thyroid function tests is crucial for thoroughly evaluating thyroid disorders. A teamwork approach is vital for accurate diagnosis, making the right treatment decisions, and improving predictions for patients with thyroid diseases.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Thyroid Nodules, Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC), Histopathology Thyroid Function Tests (TFTs), Cyto-histopathological Correlation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The research paper is a humble effort to explore the complex relationship between migration, memory, identity, and the meaning of home in Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni's Queen of Dreams (2004). Through the life of Rakhi, an Indian-American artist living in California, the novel examines how immigrant subjects negotiate between inherited cultural histories and contemporary realities. This study examines that home in the novel is not presented merely as a geographical location but as an emotional, psychological, and imaginative space shaped by memories, dreams, and personal experiences. Rakhi's search for selfhood is deeply connected with her attempt to understand her mother's hidden past and her own fragmented cultural identity. This paper argues that Divakaruni represents identity as a fluid process where belonging emerges through negotiation rather than through attachment to a single place or culture. Through dream symbolism, mother-daughter relationships, and diasporic experiences, the novel explores the hidden dimensions of identity formation and the search for a sense of self. I have attempted to analyse how Divakaruni portrays the struggle of immigrants who continuously negotiate between their past and present. The study contributes to the existing study dealing with the themes of migration, memory, identity and the meaning of home making it relevant today.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Diaspora, identity, home, migration, memory, women, dreams, Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Anemia is a common blood condition found all over the world and is a significant public health problem, affecting people of all ages. Correct diagnosis in the laboratory is crucial to understand the root cause, the level of the disease, the right treatment and surveillance of the treatment response. The traditional tests used for the evaluation of anemia remain the same: complete blood count (CBC), peripheral blood smear examination, reticulocyte count, iron studies, vitamin B12 and folate level determination, hemolysis markers and a bone marrow examination. Some of these procedures, however, may be not be useful in complex, inherited and atypical cases. The use of flow cytometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis, molecular diagnostic techniques, cytogenetics, mass spectrometry, and point of care testing (POCT) have improved the ability of laboratory medicine to make diagnoses.Recent developments in laboratory medicine have improved diagnostic accuracy by using flow cytometry, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis, molecular diagnostic techniques, cytogenetics, mass spectrometry and point of care testing (POCT). Recent advances in the study of iron metabolism and erythropoiesis have introduced new emerging biomarkers including hepcidin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), reticulocyte hemoglobin content (Ret-He), erythroferrone and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15). The incorporation of AI, machine learning, digital pathology, and automated hematology platforms has further enhanced diagnostic precision, allowing for quicker data analysis and standardizing interpretation. The focus of future developments will be on multi-omics approaches, single-cell sequencing, wearable diagnostic devices, nanotechnology-based biosensors, lab-on-a-chip technologies and AI-driven precision diagnostics, all of which will help in personalized management of anemia. Combining traditional lab examinations with molecular testing and digital innovations will make a diagnostic process more efficient, better clinical decisions and help achieve better patient outcomes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Anemia; Laboratory diagnosis; Hematology; Biomarkers; Flow cytometry; Molecular diagnostics; Artificial intelligence.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition