Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

: Psychological stress is a pervasive determinant of health, productivity, and quality of life, and its unobtrusive, continuous assessment remains an open challenge for affective computing and digital health [1],[3],[7]. Contact-based physiological sensing (electro dermal activity, electrocardiography, and photo plethysmography) offers reliable ground truth but is intrusive, motion-sensitive, and impractical for continuous, real-world deployment [8], [9]. Thermal facial imaging has emerged as a promising non-contact alternative because sympathetic nervous system activation produces measurable, involuntary vascular and thermoregulatory changes in facial regions such as the nose, forehead, and perioral area, which can be captured passively by infrared cameras without requiring skin contact or user cooperation [18], [20], [27],[29]. In parallel, deep learning has progressively replaced handcrafted thermal feature extraction with end-to-end convolutional, recurrent, and transformer-based architectures capable of learning discriminative spatio-temporal stress signatures directly from thermal video [21], [23], [25]. However, the clinical and practical adoption of such systems is constrained by the black-box nature of deep networks, which undermines trust, auditability, and regulatory acceptance in health-adjacent applications [57],[59], [63].

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 Keywords

: Non-contact stress detection; thermal facial imaging; infrared thermography; multimodal deep learning; sensor fusion; explainable artificial intelligence (XAI); Grad-CAM; SHAP; LIME; attention visualization; convolutional neural networks; residual networks; Vision Transformer; long short-term memory; hybrid CNN-Transformer; affective computing; psychophysiology; WESAD; privacy-preserving learning.

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Abstract: This study reported the effectiveness of behaviour modification strategies in managing hyperactive behaviour of an intellectually disabled child. About 20% of intellectually disabled individuasl are affected by ADHD. This behaviour is more common among boys than girls. In the present study the investigator applied ABAB method to modify the identified hyperactive behaviour of an eight year old intellectually disabled girl. Behavioural assessment of the subject was done by using BASIC-MR PART-B. As the reinforcer the researcher has used DRO along with physical restraint and verbal reprimand. Result showed that by using ABAB design hyperactive behaviour of an intellectually disabled subject can be modified. Further in depth studies are recommended.

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Behaviour Modification, Hyperactive behaviour, Individual with developmental disability.

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Background: Negative automatic thoughts are quick and involuntary thoughts that often involve self-criticism and negative interpretations of situations. These thoughts are commonly linked to emotional distress, especially among college students who face various academic and social pressures. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between negative automatic thoughts and emotional well-being among college students. Method: A total of 100 college students were selected using convenience sampling. Standardized questionnaires were used to measure negative automatic thoughts and emotional well-being. Mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean score for negative automatic thoughts was 67.23(SD = 28.59), while emotional well-being had a mean score of 43.81 (SD = 13.02). The results showed a weak negative relationship between the two variables (r = -0.234). However, this relationship was not statistically significant (p > .023). This means that although higher negative thoughts were linked with lower emotional well-being, the relationship was not strong. Conclusion: The study suggests that negative automatic thoughts may be related to lower emotional well-being in college students, but the relationship is weak and not statistically significant. This indicates that other factors may also play an important role in influencing emotional well-being.

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 Keywords

Negative Automatic Thoughts, Emotional Well-being, College Students, Cognitive distortions, Mental health.

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Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, a key architect of the Indian Constitution and a prominent social reformer, critically examined Hindu patriarchy as a system that perpetuated gender and caste-based oppression. His critique highlighted how Hindu religious texts and social structures subordinated women, particularly those from marginalized castes, reinforcing Brahmanical patriarchy. In addition to being the father of the Indian Constitution and a vocal opponent of caste and untouchability, he vehemently denounced ancient lawgiver Manu and his teachings the Manuscripts or Manav Dharma Shastra in which he talks about treating women with disdain and treating them like intellectually inferior slaves, he denied women their right to learn, their right to own property, and their right to chant the Vedas. Ambedkar asked Indian women to publicly disregard the Manu rules and not follow the Manuscript.He added a number of clauses to the Indian Constitution to guarantee gender equality as well as the liberation and advancement of Indian women Ambedkar's advocacy for gender equality is evident in his insistence on education, legal rights, and social reforms. He believed that education was the most important tool for empowerment, advocating for universal and inclusive education that transcended caste and gender barriers, equal rights and respect for men and women in society are the hallmarks of gender equality. From prehistoric times to the British era, gender inequality and bias have been prevalent in Indian society. It may also occur frequently in the present era under the guise of culture, religion, and other absurd beliefs and customs. In this paper, take a deep dive into Dr Ambedkar's contribution to the feminist movement in India. It would draw attention to and examine how women have been treated in society from antiquity to the present. This paper is based on secondary databases, research papers, articles and books and also this paper explored Ambedkar's analysis of Hindu patriarchy and its lasting impact on Indian Society. In this paper, take a deep dive into Dr Ambedkar's contribution to the feminist movement in India. It would draw attention to and examine how women have been treated in society from antiquity to the present.

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Hindu patriarchy, Gender, Brahminical Gender Equality, Women empowerment.

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Akwaeke Emezi's Freshwater (2018) presents a compelling challenge to dominant biomedical understandings of mental health through its portrayal of Ada, a young Nigerian woman inhabited by multiple spiritual entities known as ogbanje. Situated at the intersection of African spirituality, psychology, and identity, the novel exposes the limitations of Western psychiatric frameworks when confronted with culturally specific experiences of selfhood and suffering. Drawing on Medical Humanities, Narrative Medicine, and Cultural Competence theory, this paper argues that Freshwater critiques the universalizing tendencies of biomedical psychiatry by foregrounding indigenous Igbo cosmologies as legitimate modes of understanding psychological distress. Through Ada's fragmented narrative and spiritual experiences, Emezi reveals how diagnostic systems often marginalize non-Western epistemologies and fail to account for culturally grounded expressions of illness. The paper further demonstrates that the novel advocates for culturally responsive healthcare practices that acknowledge patients' social, spiritual, and cultural realities. By positioning indigenous knowledge systems alongside biomedical discourse, Freshwater expands contemporary debates in Medical Humanities concerning mental health, personhood, and the ethics of care. Ultimately, the novel underscores the necessity of cultural competence in healthcare and calls for a more pluralistic approach to understanding human suffering.

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Medical Humanities, Cultural Competence, Psychiatry, Indigenous Knowledge, Mental Health, Akwaeke Emezi, Freshwater.

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Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is a key indicator of a bank's ability to absorb losses and honour its financial obligations, and is widely used to assess the solvency of banking institutions. This study presents a comparative analysis of the CAR of five leading public sector banks (State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of India, Union Bank of India, and Bank of Maharashtra) and five leading private sector banks (HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank, Federal Bank, and RBL Bank) operating in India, over a ten-year period from 2013 to 2022. The study is based entirely on secondary data drawn from the balance sheets and profit and loss accounts of the selected banks, as published by the Reserve Bank of India. Descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner (DSCF) pairwise comparison test were applied to examine differences in CAR between and within the two banking sectors. The results indicate that private sector banks maintained a significantly higher average CAR than public sector banks during the study period, that CAR varied significantly among private sector banks, and that the variation among public sector banks was comparatively modest.

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Solvency, CAR

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age and is characterized by menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism, obesity, and infertility.(1) This case study presents a 27-year-old female who attended the gynecology outpatient department with complaints of irregular menstrual cycles, excessive facial hair growth (hirsutism), weight gain, and primary infertility for the past 3 years. Clinical examination and investigations, including hormonal profile and ultrasonography, confirmed the diagnosis of PCOS. The patient was managed with a combination of lifestyle modifications, dietary regulation, weight management strategies, and ayurvedic formulation Tab PCOSTA with Tab PCOSHERB.(2) Regular follow-up demonstrated improvement in menstrual regularity, reduction in hyperandrogenic symptoms, and overall reproductive health. This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis, comprehensive management, and patient counseling in achieving favorable outcomes in PCOS.

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Primary Infertility, Hirsutism, Irregular Menstruation, Obesity, Hyperandrogenism

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Abstract Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become an essential component of teacher education and it has significantly contributed to academic achievement of prospective teachers. This study aims to identify the major themes related to ICT and academic achievement among prospective teachers through a thematic review. Relevant research articles published between 2009 and 2025, were systematically reviewed for this study. Five major themes were found after the analysis namely; (i) Academic achievement, (ii) Digital Competence, (iii) Collaborative Learning, (iv) Institutional Support, and (v) Challenges for ICT Integration. The findings of the study indicate that effective ICT integration enhances learning outcomes, digital competence, motivation and collaborative learning among prospective teachers. However, the effective use of ICT in teacher education was found to be hampered by challenges like; inadequate infrastructure, limited digital skills and insufficient professional training. The review concludes that strengthening ICT competencies, institutional support and technology-enabled pedagogical practices is vital for improving the academic achievement of prospective teachers.

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Keywords: Information and Communication Technology, ICT, Academic Achievement, Prospective Teachers, Teacher Education, Digital Competence, Thematic Review.

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The research papers critically examins the pivotal role of community health workers particularly Accredited social Health Activists and Auxiliary Nurse Midwives as key agents of grassroots governance in India's rural health system situated within a decentralised democratic framework . the study further explores how CHWs act as midiators between formal bureaucratic institutions and informal rural social structures thereby contributing to inclusive governance and participatory development .

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Grassroots Governance , community health workers , Public policy , decentralised administration

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Abstract Background Classical homoeopathy emphasizes the importance of peculiar, queer, rare, and strange (PQRS) symptoms in remedy selection. Such symptoms often individualize the patient and guide the physician toward the constitutional simillimum. The present case illustrates the use of a characteristic craving for raw rice as the decisive symptom in selecting Alumina for a patient presenting with hypothyroidism and Anemia. Case Presentation A 48-year-old female presented with progressive hair fall, weight gain, weakness, fatigue, irritability, mood changes, and reduced desire to work for six months. Laboratory investigations revealed a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level of 12.6 mIU/L and hemoglobin of 9.2 g/dL. An endocrinologist initiated Thyronorm 25 mcg daily. Detailed homoeopathic case-taking revealed a hot thermal state, thirst, desire for non-vegetarian food, occasional hard stools, leadership tendencies in church activities, desire to influence others, and a striking craving for raw rice. Based on the totality of symptoms, particularly the PQRS symptom of raw rice craving, Alumina was prescribed. Outcome The patient demonstrated progressive improvement in energy levels, mood, hair fall, and general well-being. TSH decreased from 12.6 mIU/L at presentation to 10.6 mIU/L after two months of conventional treatment and subsequently reached 1.32 mIU/L by July 2026 during continued homoeopathic follow-up. Conclusion This case highlights the importance of PQRS symptoms in constitutional prescribing and demonstrates how an unusual craving can serve as the key to remedy selection in chronic endocrine disorders.

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Alumina, PQRS symptom, hypothyroidism, pica, raw rice craving, constitutional prescribing, homoeopathy.

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