Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Aamavata is an Ayurvedic Rasavaha Srotasa disorder correlated with rheumatoid arthritis, marked by inflammatory joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It develops due to Agnidushti and Ama formation, which combines with aggravated Vata and affects joints, producing Sandhivikruti. Systemic symptoms like fatigue, anorexia, and fever indicate a wider inflammatory involvement.Its pathology involves metabolic impairment, Ama accumulation, and Vata imbalance leading to persistent inflammation. Management focuses on restoring Agni, removing Ama, and regulating Vata to preserve joint function. This review presents Aamavata as a systemic inflammatory disorder requiring holistic management.

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 Keywords

Aamavata, Agni, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ayurveda, Inflammation.

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This study examined the influence of parental involvement on the academic achievement of elementary school students in Sadar Block of Keonjhar District, Odisha. Parental involvement is widely recognized as a significant factor in enhancing students' educational outcomes through home-based support, communication with teachers, supervision of learning activities, and participation in school-related activities. The study aimed to (i) assess the level of parental involvement among elementary school students, (ii) examine the academic achievement of students with reference to gender and locality, and (iii) determine the relationship between parental involvement and academic achievement. A correlational research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised all Class VIII students of elementary schools in Sadar Block, Keonjhar District. A sample of 60 students was selected from five government elementary schools using the simple random sampling technique. Data on parental involvement were collected using a self-developed Parental Involvement Scale consisting of 21 items covering five dimensions: parental attention, parental encouragement, parental guidance, parental decision-making, and provision of physical facilities. Students' academic achievement was measured using their previous year's academic scores. The collected data were analyzed using Mean, Standard Deviation, independent samples t-test, and Pearson's Product Moment Correlation. The findings revealed that there was no significant difference in parental involvement with respect to gender (t = 0.36, p > 0.05) and locality (t = 0.64, p > 0.05). The study further revealed a significant positive correlation between parental involvement and academic achievement (r = 0.328), indicating that higher parental involvement is associated with better academic performance among elementary school students. The study concludes that parental involvement plays an important role in improving students' academic achievement regardless of gender and locality. It recommends strengthening home-school partnerships through regular parent-teacher interactions, awareness programmes, and parental guidance initiatives to promote children's academic success.

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 Keywords

Parental Involvement, Academic Achievement, Elementary School Students, Correlational Study.

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Greenwashing has become a defining credibility problem in the fashion industry: environmental claims proliferate faster than consumers' or regulators' ability to verify them. This conceptual paper examines the European Union's Digital Product Passport (DPP), introduced under the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR), as a structural remedy for this credibility gap. Drawing on information asymmetry and signalling logic as developed in the recent greenwashing literature, this study argues that the core deficiency of conventional green marketing claims is not their content but their unverifiability: when credible and deceptive claims are indistinguishable at the point of purchase, consumers rationally discount all sustainability communication. The DPP is conceptualized as a verifiability infrastructure that converts environmental claims from unverifiable assertions into falsifiable signals anchored in standardized product-level data. This study develops a conceptual framework and five propositions linking claim verifiability to perceived credibility, greenwashing perceptions, green trust, purchase intention, and firms' claim strategies. Theoretical contributions, managerial implications for fashion brands preparing for ESPR compliance, and policy implications are discussed, and a four condition experimental design is proposed as a future research agenda. All literature reviewed was drawn from the period 2021-2026.

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 Keywords

Digital Product Passport; greenwashing; verifiability; sustainable fashion; ESPR; signalling; green claims; circular economy

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This study aims to assess the Challenges faced by the Gig Economy Workers working in the Indian Facility Management Industry in Chennai and its suburban Areas. The main purpose of this study is to find out the major challenges faced by a Gig Economy worker who is otherwise a Temporary or a contract worker and how their life is influenced under such a work profile and whether they are satisfied with the kind earning they get. The study followed a Descriptive study method and in this survey, a quantitative survey method using a Google Forms survey from the target individuals who are working in different kind of industries under different role. The sample size stood at 130. The survey found that 58% of the respondents were working as a temporary staff. This study also attempted to find out how satisfied are the Gig Workers with the amount of money they earn and found out that 47.7% are getting the wages as they expect and are satisfied with that and 26.9% of respondents get less than the wage they expect and are dissatisfied. Moreover that 30.8% of the respondents say that it is somewhat tough to find a new contract once the old contract is over. Majority of the respondents say that the major motivation factor to keep up with the work is to get regular new work contracts once the old contract is over followed by some of the respondents saying giving proper wage and monetary incentives.

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GIG-BASED EMPLOYEES

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This study examined how Lebanese private school principals enacted leadership agility while sustaining educational provision during wartime. Framed through sensemaking theory and dynamic capabilities theory, it conceptualised agility as an iterative relationship among interpreting disruption, mobilising responses, reconfiguring organisational arrangements, and reconsidering consequences. An interpretive qualitative design was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with 23 private school principals in Beirut. Data were analysed through reflexive thematic analysis. Five themes were generated. Principals read the war through weak and conflicting signals, repeatedly remade schooling to preserve continuity, governed through provisional decisions, redistributed disruption across school communities, and performed steadiness while absorbing institutional instability. The findings showed that agility did not involve rapid adjustment to clearly defined problems. It depended on acting without certainty, retaining reversible options, and revising decisions as new information and stakeholder reactions emerged. Although these practices maintained educational provision, they often transferred additional labour and responsibility to teachers, families, students, and principals themselves. The study contributes the concept of provisional governance to wartime educational leadership, positioning agility as a recursive and ethically consequential process rather than a stable individual competence. It concludes that wartime leadership should be evaluated not only through organisational continuity but also through how responsibly uncertainty and its burdens are distributed across the school community over time.

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 Keywords

leadership agility, wartime leadership, school principals, sensemaking, Lebanon

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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, joint pain, stiffness, and progressive disability. Hydroxychloroquine is a widely used disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) that helps control disease progression, while Tinospora cordifolia stem extract possesses significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. The present study aimed to develop and evaluate sustained-release tablets containing Hydroxychloroquine and Tinospora cordifolia stem extract for improved management of rheumatoid arthritis. Sustained-release formulations were prepared using suitable release-retarding polymers to provide prolonged drug release and reduce dosing frequency. The tablets were evaluated for pre-compression and post-compression parameters, including flow properties, hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content, and in vitro dissolution studies. The optimized formulation exhibited satisfactory physicochemical characteristics and sustained drug-release behavior over an extended period. The developed sustained-release tablet may improve patient compliance, maintain therapeutic drug levels, and enhance the long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through the combined therapeutic benefits of Hydroxychloroquine and Tinospora cordifolia.

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Rheumatoid Arthritis, Hydroxychloroquine, Tinospora cordifolia, Sustained-Release Tablets, Controlled Drug Delivery, Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug (DMARD), Anti-inflammatory Activity

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Hemorrhoids are one of the most common anorectal disorders, causing pain, bleeding, prolapse, itching, and significant discomfort that adversely affects patients' quality of life. Conventional therapies often require frequent dosing and may provide only temporary symptomatic relief. The present study focuses on the development and evaluation of a controlled-release tablet containing Diosmin and Euphorbia prostrata extract for the effective management of hemorrhoids. Diosmin, a well-established flavonoid, exhibits venotonic, vasoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, while Euphorbia prostrata possesses hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, and astringent activities that complement the therapeutic action of Diosmin. A controlled-release matrix tablet was formulated using suitable polymers to achieve sustained drug release, reduce dosing frequency, and improve patient compliance. The prepared formulations were evaluated for pre-compression and post-compression parameters, including flow properties, hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content, and in vitro dissolution studies. The optimized formulation demonstrated acceptable pharmaceutical characteristics and sustained drug release over the desired period, following appropriate release kinetics. The study concludes that the controlled-release combination tablet of Diosmin and Euphorbia prostrata represents a promising therapeutic approach for the effective and prolonged management of hemorrhoids, with the potential to enhance efficacy, reduce recurrence, and improve patient adherence.

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 Keywords

Hemorrhoids; Controlled-release tablet; Diosmin; Euphorbia prostrata; Matrix tablet; Venotonic activity; Anti-inflammatory activity; Herbal formulation; In vitro dissolution.

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Rosuvastatin calcium (RCa), an extensively studied antihyperlipidemic agent, has concerns regarding its oral bioavailability because it belongs to BCS class II. To overcome this problem the objective was set as to formulate a taste masked FDT of Rosuvastatin calcium. Taste masking was achieved using ?-cyclodextrin in different ratios (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5) with the drug. The tablets were made from the direct compression method. From the FTIR spectra of the developed formulation and the pure drug, there were no chemical interactions between the drug and the excipients. The optimal taste-masked formulation was achieved with a 1:1 calculated that Rosuvastatin calcium to ?-cyclodextrin ratio should be 1, thus formulation F6 is found to be most effective because it successfully leap frog the taste problem. This formulation had an in vitro disintegration time of 22 seconds seemed to be tablet disintegration satisfactory for oral administration. When F6 formulation was tested in pH 6.8 buffer, the drug release in vitro amounts to 96.23% in 30 minutes. The result of the stability studies, done following ICH guidelines for six months, indicated that the formulation was stable. In conclusion, it can be seen that all the taste masked FDTs of Rosuvastatin calcium prepared and optimized in this study can be deemed as a hopeful methodology of enhancing the oral bioavailability of the drug.

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 Keywords

Hyperlipidemia, Rosuvastatin calcium, Statin, ?-cyclodextrin, Bioavailability

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In an increasingly globalized world, proficiency in English is essential for academic success and professional advancement. However, learners often struggle to transition between English for Academic Purposes (EAP), which emphasizes formal discourse and research communication, and English for Occupational Purposes (EOP), which prioritizes practical communication skills. This gap is particularly pronounced in linguistically diverse and socio-culturally distinct environments, where language acquisition is influenced by access to resources, pedagogical approaches, and cultural norms. The primary objectives of this study are to investigate the socio-cultural and linguistic factors shaping EAP and EOP learning, identify pedagogical gaps, and propose inclusive strategies for a smoother transition between academic and professional English. A mixed-method approach was employed, involving structured surveys, semi-structured interviews, and case studies among 50 students (25 rural, 25 urban) from high school to postgraduate levels. Quantitative analysis revealed that learners with greater exposure to English resources exhibited higher cultural confidence and proficiency, while those with limited access faced significant barriers. Gender-based variations were also observed, with female learners reporting higher anxiety and access constraints. T-tests showed no significant difference in overall proficiency between EAP and EOP learners (p=0.6816), but EAP learners struggled more with idiomatic expressions, whereas EOP learners benefited from role-playing and community support. Regression analysis indicated that technology-based learning was the most effective strategy, though accessibility issues affected its impact. The study concludes that culturally responsive pedagogical strategies integrating digital tools, contextualized curricula, and enhanced language exposure are critical for improving English proficiency and ensuring a seamless transition between academic and professional domains.

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English for Academic Purposes (EAP); English for Occupational Purposes (EOP); Linguistic Adaptation; Socio-Cultural Barriers; Pedagogical Strategies

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Domestic violence remains one of the most persistent forms of gender-based violence affecting women irrespective of caste, religion, education, or socio-economic status. Despite legal safeguards and policy interventions, violence within the family continues to be a major public health and human rights concern in India. The present study explores the socio-cultural determinants of domestic violence among married women in Indore District, Madhya Pradesh. The research adopts a descriptive sociological approach using both primary and secondary data. Primary information was collected through structured interviews with respondents selected from the study area, while secondary information was obtained from books, journals, government publications, census reports, and previous research studies. The findings indicate that patriarchal family norms, gender inequality, alcohol consumption, economic dependency, educational disparities, dowry practices, and weak social support systems significantly influence domestic violence. The study concludes that domestic violence is deeply embedded in socio-cultural structures and therefore requires integrated interventions involving education, women's economic empowerment, legal awareness, community participation, and effective implementation of protective legislation. The findings contribute to understanding the structural dimensions of domestic violence and offer policy recommendations for strengthening women's safety and social justice.

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 Keywords

Domestic Violence, Women Empowerment, Gender Inequality, Patriarchy, Sociology, Indore District, Madhya Pradesh

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