Volume 14 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Calotropis procera (family: Apocynaceae) is a medicinal plant widely recognized for its significant pharmacological properties, particularly its anti-inflammatory potential. The present study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical constituents, investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of C. procera leaf extract, and develop a stable topical cream formulation for therapeutic use. Leaves of C. procera were collected, authenticated, shade-dried, and powdered. The extraction was carried out using methanol by cold maceration (1:10) for 48 hours with intermittent shaking, followed by filtration and concentration. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of important secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and phenolic compounds, which are known to contribute to anti-inflammatory activity.The mechanism of action was associated with the inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators, including TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-6, and INF-?, indicating suppression of inflammatory pathways linked to cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. A topical cream formulation was prepared using beeswax, liquid paraffin, methyl paraben, and triethanolamine through emulsification at controlled temperature. The formulation was evaluated for physicochemical parameters such as pH, spreadability, homogeneity, washability, and irritability. The cream exhibited a pH of 6.9, smooth texture, good spreadability (0.66 cm/sec), and non-irritant nature, indicating its suitability for dermal application. The anti-inflammatory activity of the formulation was further confirmed by the albumin denaturation assay, demonstrating significant inhibition of protein denaturation. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of Calotropis procera extract in topical formulations for the management of inflammatory conditions.

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 Keywords

Calotropis Procera, Crude Extract, Anti-inflammatory Cream Formulation, Evaluation.

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Digital technology now shapes almost every part of daily life, from learning and work to communication, banking, and access to public services. While this shift has opened new opportunities, it has also increased people's exposure to cyber risks such as phishing, identity theft, cyberstalking, online harassment, misinformation, data leaks, and financial fraud. Women often face these risks more sharply because digital access, confidence, social freedom, and support systems are still unequal in many contexts. This paper explores how cyber security awareness and education can help women become safer, more confident, and more resilient in digital spaces. It argues that women's cyber security should not be treated only as a technical matter, but also as an issue connected to education, social justice, and public policy. Drawing on existing research and current practice, the paper examines how digital literacy, safe online habits, awareness training, and legal knowledge contribute to women's empowerment. It also proposes a practical framework based on inclusive education, community support, and institutional cooperation. Overall, the study shows that improving cyber security awareness among women is essential for building a safer and more balanced digital society.

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 Keywords

Cyber security awareness, women's digital safety, digital resilience, cyber hygiene, digital literacy, gender and technology, online harassment, information age, cyber education, women empowerment.

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Occupational health risks among Indian infrastructure workers are pronounced, and there have been no docu-mented wellness interventions for this segment till date. This quasi-experimental research examined the impact of a 12-week Ayur-Yoga intervention - comprising of Ayurveda prakriti determination, lifestyle counselling and structured yoga practice - on 120 infrastructure workers in Gurugram (60 intervention and 60 waitlist control), measuring outcomes at baseline, week 12 and three months later. Significant improvement was witnessed in all outcome categories, including decrease in perceived stress levels (PSS-10 scale; d = 0.83; p < .001), where progress was fully maintained at three-month follow up. Reduction in blood pressure, musculoskeletal issues (36% decrease; p < .001) and absenteeism, along with increase in work engagement and productivity (d = 1.25; p < .001) were also observed. Program adherence was very high (attendance rate of 87%) and participant satisfaction level was positive. Efficacy of the intervention was comparable among all three prakriti types (F = 0.26; p = .769), suggesting suitability of implementation without constitution-based assessment. This study provides groundbreaking evidence for effectiveness of an Ayur-Yoga intervention in occupational environment, and has immediate policy implications for the Ministry of AYUSH and Viksit Bharat 2047.

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 Keywords

Ayurveda; occupational health; prakriti; perceived stress; workplace wellness; infrastructure workers

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This paper reads Ankush Saikia's Remember Death as an epistemic inquiry into how detective fiction constructs, mediates, and socializes truth. The study contends that the novel fragments testimony, privileges mediated records, and tailors a resolution that functions as a simulacrum rather than a transparent recovery of fact. The paper first situates the book against the classical Holmesian model and the genre contract that promises verifiable closure. It then offers close readings of key scenes that includes testimonies, documents and media-centred sequences. In the end, the detective's account consolidates competing fragments into a persuasive story. The analysis draws selectively on Baudrillard's notion of simulation. The analysis shows how Saikia's narrative produces social acceptance of a constructed truth. The paper treats knowledge itself as a contested terrain and concludes that Remember Death reconceives the whodunit.

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 Keywords

Detective fiction, Simulacra, Simulation, Ankush Saikia, Thriller

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Funambulus pennantii,wildlife;ecosystem,anthropogenic pressure

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Abstract--This paper presents a design, implementation and experimental evaluation of an AI-Driven Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Delivery System. The system uses Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM)-based navigation and real-time path optimization. The proposed system combines Deep Reinforcement Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks and an Explainable AI decision module. This enables autonomous parcel delivery in complex urban environments. Our system uses a custom hexacopter drone platform with LiDAR, stereo cameras, IMU, barometric pressure sensors and ultrasonic proximity detectors. The SLAM pipeline uses an ORB-SLAM3 and LiDAR SLAM fusion approach. This achieves sub-10 cm localization accuracy. The real-time path optimization engine executes a Modified A* algorithm. It also uses D* Lite re-planning and DRL-guided adjustments. This operates at 50 Hz update frequency. The Explainable AI module generates natural-language explanations of every drone decision. This includes route changes, altitude adjustments, obstacle detections and emergency protocols. The system is fully auditable and trustworthy for compliance. Experimental results across 847 real-world flight tests demonstrate a delivery success rate of 97.3%. The mean path planning latency is 18.7 ms. The obstacle avoidance reaction time is 23 ms. There is an end-to-end energy efficiency improvement of 34% over baseline systems.

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 Keywords

Autonomous UAV, SLAM Navigation, Deep Reinforcement Learning, Path Optimization, Explainable AI Mile Delivery, Obstacle Avoidance, Multi-Sensor Fusion, Real-Time Systems, Edge Computing

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Indigenous Knowledge, also known as Traditional Knowledge, refers to the shared knowledge, innovations, cultural practices and innovations which are accumulated by the native groups through generations. The knowledge contributes to biodiversity protection, traditional medicine, agriculture, environment sustainability and cultural legacy. However, the rapid growth of digital technology and Artificial Intelligence has increased the possibility of unauthorized access, biopiracy, digital appropriation and commercial exploitation of the Indigenous Knowledge without their consent. Intellectual Property Rules which primarily aimed at protecting individual creativity, often fail in recognizing the collaborative and intergenerational nature of indigenous knowledge. India has implemented various statutes to address the above issue such as Patents Act of 1970, the Biological Diversity Act of 2002 and the Geographical Indications of Goods Registration and Protection) Act of 1999. The present study adopts a qualitative doctrinal research methodology to assess the effectiveness of India's legal framework in preserving Indigenous Knowledge in the digital world. Further, the study seeks to examine prominent international instruments, including the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Nagoya Protocol and various initiatives undertaken by World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO). The findings of the study indicates that despite India's significant efforts to prevent biopiracy, the effective and sustainable preservation of Indigenous Knowledge depends on the enactment of a comprehensive legal framework integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) governance, meaningful involvement of Indigenous communities and equitable benefit sharing mechanisms.

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Indigenous Knowledge, Traditional Knowledge, Intellectual Property Rights, Artificial Intelligence, Digital Technology, TKDL, Biopiracy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research paper aims to investigate the theme of disability in Malini Chib's autobiography 'One Little Finger'. The problem of disability is explored through the author's personal sentiments, as well as multiple ideologies. The study delves into several social perceptions and difficulties experienced by people with disabilities and how they are marginalized in a stereotypical society. Malini Chib's narrative provides a comprehensive account of the feeling of alienation, segregation, and innate desire of rejections and acceptance. The term marginalization stems from the fact that disabled people are treated as the 'other' and therefore, less desirable members of a society. Following an in-depth analysis of the author's emotional experience, one is able to relate the acquired understanding to a broad range of social attitudes towards people with disabilities, as well as various aspects of cerebral palsy affecting Chib and many others. This research paper focuses on contributing to females' empowerment and inclusive societies by providing the reader with an insight into the disabled lives and promoting positive perceptions. By analyzing Chib's experience, the reader is expected to gain a new perspective on social attitudes, difficulties, and stereotypes associated with disability. Having achieved such level of understanding, one will be able to create an inclusive society, promote equity, and increase recognition of the overall potential in people with impairments. In this regard, the genre of 'One Little Finger' can be related to a sharp analysis of the disabled person's experience. Those who are born or acquired disabilities are faced with a variety of negative aspects in their lives, including stereotypes, varying social attitudes, and different behaviors exhibited by people without disabilities. 'One Little Finger' covers the topic of disabilities in depth, exploring such concepts as cerebral palsy and its range of difficulties, as well as the effects of discrimination on the lives of impaired persons. The narrative revolves around the life of critically ill disabled persons, one of which is the author herself, Malini Chib. Being a disabled woman, she is faced with an enormous number of challenges on a daily basis. Despite the complexity of her physical appearance and disability, Chib manages to graduate from college and pursue her career as a teacher. from cerebral palsy, and her experiences of isolation, discrimination and marginalization. This paper examines challenges social perceptions of disability, struggles, and triumphs of the persons with disability. Chib's autobiography provides critically powerful images of society, cultural norms, ableism and stereotypical notions of society about disability. It highlights the ways of societal attitudes towards disability. It also portrays disability studies as a theoretical approach and analyses the ways of ongoing discourse of disability and social stigma.

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Disability, Social Challenges , Inclusion , Discrimination, Trauma , Deformation,Otherness

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Background: Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disorder characterized by breathlessness, wheezing, and reduced quality of life. Along with pharmacological management, non-pharmacological interventions such as breathing exercises are gaining importance, especially in low-cost and community-based care settings in India. Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) strengthens the respiratory muscles, while the Buteyko Breathing Technique (BBT) focuses on controlled nasal breathing to reduce hyperventilation. However, evidence on the combined effect of these two techniques is limited. Aim: To study the combined effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training and Buteyko Breathing Technique on reducing breathlessness and improving quality of life in asthmatic patients. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 30 patients with bronchial asthma aged between 35–45 years, selected by purposive sampling from Sri Ramakrishna Multispecialty Hospital, Coimbatore. Participants underwent Inspiratory Muscle Training using a threshold IMT device along with Buteyko Breathing Technique for 6 weeks. Breathlessness was assessed using the Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale and quality of life was measured using the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ). Pre- and post-test values were analyzed using paired t-test. Results: The results showed a statistically significant reduction in breathlessness, with the mean Modified Borg Dyspnea score improving from 5.96 to 3.93 (t = 6.213). Quality of life also showed a significant improvement, with AQLQ scores improving from 3.26 to 2.1 (t = 6.049). Conclusion: The study concludes that the combined application of Inspiratory Muscle Training and Buteyko Breathing Technique is effective in reducing breathlessness and improving quality of life in asthmatic patients. Hence, the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternate hypothesis was accepted.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Bronchial Asthma, Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT), Buteyko Breathing Technique (BBT), Breathlessness, Quality of Life, Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ), Respiratory Rehabilitation.

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This study evaluates the causal outcomes of independent wage acquisition through the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) on the economic independence and intra-household agency of rural women. Drawing on primary data from 100 female participants in the Belabar and Dukli Gram Panchayats of West Tripura, the paper examines how transitioning from unrecognized, unpaid domestic labor to formal, institutionalized public wage work alters women's financial status and household bargaining power. The findings show that MGNREGA significantly enhances economic autonomy, with 87% of surveyed women reporting direct economic independence. This income supports essential household expenditures (58%), improves consumption standards (67%), and fosters integration into financial networks via Self-Help Groups (50%). Crucially, an inverse relationship was observed between labor volume and household decision-making power: women in Dukli recorded fewer workdays under the scheme but demonstrated higher household decision-making authority (81.6%) compared to Belabar (65%). This divergence highlights that while MGNREGA provides essential survival capital in resource-constrained border areas, its transformation into structural household agency is optimized when supported by broader local economic opportunities.

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 Keywords

MGNREGA; Self-Help Groups; household decision-making power

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition