Volume 13 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Now a days, implantation is becoming a common phenomenon to maintain oral health. Implants are mainly used to replace broken or spoiled teeth and also to support the denture in case of no teeth on the bone. Since biomaterials (bone is a natural material) can't be replaced, and its decay is related to higher stresses and so there is a need to analyse the effect of thread shapes on the stress generation which is linked to decay of bone. Due to difficulty in application of either theoretical or experimental application to find the stress condition of the bone, in the present work, finite element analysis was carried out to find the stress generation with different thread profiles. 4 types of thread profiles were considered based on the literature of implants used in the dental applications. They are square, V-thread, buttress and Reverse Buttress threads. Literature has ambiguity in finding the best implant thread for better stability of the system which is mainly based on overall deformation and stress conditions. Here geometry is built using Ansys pre-processing module based on standard thread proportions along with meshing. After application of boundary conditions, results were extracted and represented in the tables for 100 N vertical loading. The results shows better stability with square threads compared to other form of threads considering important parameters of structural stability

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 Keywords

thread profiles, fea, ansys ,stress concentration.

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Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (HMMCs) represent an advanced class of materials that combine the beneficial properties of both metallic and non-metallic reinforcements, enhancing their mechanical, thermal, and wear-resistance properties. This review paper focuses on the evaluation of hybrid composites formed by incorporating cenosphere (a lightweight, hollow alumino-silicate microsphere) and granite powder into Aluminium LM-6 alloy matrix. The study explores the synergistic effects of combining these reinforcements to produce a composite material with superior characteristics suitable for applications in the aerospace, automotive, and manufacturing industries[1]. The paper provides an in-depth analysis of the various reinforcement techniques, including the preparation of cenosphere-granite reinforced composites, and the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the resulting HMMCs. Attention is paid to the uniformity of reinforcement dispersion, microstructural analysis, and the impact of processing parameters on the final properties of the composite material. The mechanical properties, such as hardness, tensile strength, wear resistance, and thermal stability, are discussed in relation to the microstructural changes induced by the reinforcements. Additionally, the study reviews advancements in the fabrication methods, including stir casting, and the challenges associated with the dispersion of cenosphere and granite powders into the aluminium matrix [2].Through a synthesis of existing literature, this paper aims to present a comprehensive understanding of the potential and challenges associated with the development of cenosphere-granite hybrid composites in the Aluminium LM-6 matrix. The work also suggests future directions for optimizing the properties of HMMCs through innovative fabrication techniques and enhanced reinforcement distribution[3].

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 Keywords

Aluminium-LM6, cenosphere, granite powder, Hybrid metal matrix composites

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This review paper presents a comprehensive examination of hybrid damping systems that integrate viscoelastic materials (VEMs), Acoustic Black Hole (ABH) techniques, and honeycomb sandwich panels to address the persistent challenge of vibration mitigation in engineering structures. By exploring the theoretical principles, experimental validations, and numerical models underlying these advanced damping mechanisms, the study elucidates how the synergistic combination of VEMs, with their frequency and temperature-dependent energy dissipation, ABH's innovative wave-trapping geometries, and the exceptional stiffness-to-weight benefits of honeycomb structures can significantly enhance vibration attenuation. Applications across aerospace, automotive, and industrial domains are discussed, highlighting the potential for improved structural performance and extended service life. The review also identifies critical research gaps, such as the challenges in manufacturing and temperature sensitivity, and proposes future directions including adaptive damping strategies and optimization through machine learning. Overall, this work aims to provide a foundational framework for the development of next-generation hybrid damping solutions in complex engineering systems

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 Keywords

Viscoelastic Materials, Acoustic Black Hole, Honeycomb Sandwich Panels, Vibration Damping, Hybrid Systems

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This review article presents a comprehensive examination of recent studies conducted to enhance the damping characteristics of carbon fibre-reinforced composites. Research indicates that adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes to the composite matrix enhances damping performance, primarily due to interfacial sliding between the nanotubes and the polymer. The integration of barium titanate-based piezoelectric nanowires improves energy absorption through combined mechanical and piezoelectric mechanisms.". Moreover, critical structural elements such as laminate thickness and fiber alignment significantly influence the damping performance of carbon fiber-reinforced composites. Investigations indicate that increased thickness enhances the overall stiffness and fundamental frequency, while fibre orientation affects vibration attenuation, with certain directions exhibiting superior damping capabilities. A through comprehension of these parameters is essential for enhancing the vibrational characteristics of CFRPs in real-world implementations.

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Interfacial skidding mechanism, piezoelectric nanowires, multiwalled carbon nano tubes, CFRC

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Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) augmented with basalt fibers have attracted significant scholarly interest owing to their superior mechanical attributes, thermal resilience, and ecological durability. This review meticulously examines the performance and longevity of basalt-reinforced polymer matrix composites, emphasizing their mechanical, thermal, and chemical characteristics. Moreover, a comparative evaluation with traditional reinforcements such as glass and carbon fibers is provided. In addition, this study addresses the constraints and prospective solutions to improve the practical applications of these composites

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 Keywords

Polymer composites, performance, durability, basalt

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As we know more research is going on to have natural and biodegradable materials in order to upgrade for next upcoming generation on composite applications. Many of the organizations are concerned towards the green resources. Increase in using natural composites has minimized the greenhouse gases. As increase in use of natural fiber has bought some of the problems like poor compactablity between matrix and natural reinforcement and more moisture absorption between the natural fibers and the matrix. Natural fibers can be suits as the alternative source for the petroleum-based products. Moreover, before this the issues need to be solved, including the adhesion between the matrix and the green fibers, poor fire resistance, low impact strength and low durability. The research has led to certain customization on natural fibers and resin. To identify in demand of use of eco-friendly materials in different types of applications on green fibers and the resin type and the resources customization and process techniques, mechanical behaviours and the applications and other properties of natural composite is essential to provide more efficient behavior of natural composite

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 Keywords

Natural fiber composite, Composites, Fiber, Particle, Mechanical Properties, Thermal Properties.

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Various sectors use battery packs and with the increase in use of electrical vehicles the need for a more efficient and smaller battery pack is significant. In the present study; we analyse the flow and heat transfer performance of a battery pack and use nano particles, mainly Graphene-Amine and Graphene-Oxide based nano particles mixed in solution of water and ethylene glycol. The nanofluid is prepared in laboratory and is tested in the experimental setup. The results are collected and then a CFD model is prepared and new designs and different fluids are to be tested. The impact of the stud100y focuses on maintaining or optimizing battery operating temperatures to improve the performance and increase efficiency of the system.

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Battery Pack, Nano particles, CFD fluid flow and heat transfer, Graphene Amine, Graphene Oxide

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In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG) in various ratios was used to solvolyze renewable biomass, yielding polyol. The presence of functional groups including -CO, C=O, esters, and ethers was revealed when the liquefied wood was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The resultant polyol was employed to make resin and then polymerized with different proportions of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) to create adhesives, wood composites, and polyurethane foam. The FTIR analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of functional groups essential for polyurethane formation. An analysis of the mechanical characteristics of the generated polyurethane foams showed that the NCO/OH ratio has a major impact on the foam's mechanical strength and thermal stability. Higher NCO/OH ratios led to higher glass transition temperature and degradation temperature, which indicated increased rigidity in the polyurethane films. This study advances the evolution of bio-based polyurethane materials made from renewable resources, providing a sustainable substitute for petroleum-based products.

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FTIR Liquefaction, Resin, Solvolysis

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The unique physicochemical properties and interactions within the rhizosphere, copper-based nanomaterials (Cu-NMs) have been identified as efficient agents for boosting plant growth and improving nutrient absorption. This study investigates how Cu-NMs affect microbial activity in the plant rhizosphere, with a focus on how they encourage the synthesis of siderophores by helpful soil microbes. Compounds known as siderophores have a strong affinity for iron and help to solubilize and absorb this essential nutrient, which is essential for plant growth. According to our findings, when Cu-NMs are sprayed at the right quantities, they promote the development of microorganisms that produce siderophores, which raises the amount of iron available in the rhizosphere. Improvements in biomass accumulation, root growth, and chlorophyll levels were linked to the increased iron intake. This study presents a sustainable, nanotechnology-driven approach to increasing crop yield through microbiome-mediated nutrient uptake and provides fresh insights into the indirect channels through which Cu-NMs can improve plant nutrition. Flacourtia montana leaf extract was used in an environmentally benign reaction to produce copper nanoparticles. The ability of bacterial colonies to produce siderophores is demonstrated by the creation of yellow zones. By using a visual observation method, we can identify bacteria that improve the absorption of iron by plants. Evaluation of Cu- NMs-induced siderophore synthesis was made possible by the bacterial growth patterns and medium color changes seen during the study. The Debye-Scherrer equation analysis's 42.28 nm crystallite size result was consistent with the SEM results. The (111), (200), and (220) peaks in the X-ray diffraction investigation showed that the Cu2O nanoparticles have crystalline characteristics. Our scientific studies verified that significant increases in iron availability were brought about by copper nanoparticles and their microbial siderophore enhancing capabilities in rhizosphere circumstances.

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 Keywords

Copper-based nanoparticles (Cu-NMS), Siderophore production, Rhizosphere, PGPR (Plant Growth- Promoting Rhizobacteria), Antimicrobial properties

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CdS thin films, Structural properties, X-ray diffractometer, Scanning electron microscope.

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