Volume 12 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Accounting and audit have a pivotal role to play in the financial activities and record keeping process of any business. However, their roles and focus are different. While accounting translates to a much wider field, encompassing everything, including the flow of money from the organisation to the management of the company, auditing is more of a specialised service. Auditing is a part of the accounting world. It is an examination of accounting and financial records that is undertaken independently. This is done to determine if the company or the business undertaking has conformed its operations to the laws and the generally accepted accounting principles.

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Accounting, Financial activities, Generally accepted accounting principles.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable and treatable chronic lung disease which affects men and women worldwide. Formoterol is a LABA,decreases resistance in the respiratory airway and increases airflow to the lungs. Budesonide is a corticosteroid, has a potent anti-inflammatory activity.Glycopyrronium is a LAMA, competitively blocks muscarinic receptors thus inhibiting cholinergic transmission.Spirometry is the essential test to assess how well your lungs work by measuring how much air you inhale, how much you exhale & how quickly you exhale.St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) is a disease-specific instrument designed to measure impact on overall health, daily life & perceived well-being in patients with obstructive airways disease. METHODS: The study was carried out in 50 patients with COPD. The study was conducted by categorising them into two groups, 25 patients taking Formoterol/Budesonide and 25 patients taking Formoterol/Glycopyrronium.The efficacy of drugs are assessed using spirometry and health related QOL is assessed using SGRQ-C. RESULT: By using spirometry, it was found that Formoterol/Glycopyrronium showed improvement in patients. A significant increase in the QOL was found in patients taking Formoterol/Glycopyrronium using SGRQ-C. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that, Formoterol/Glycopyrronium is slightly more efficient than Formoterol/Budesonide. There is a significant improvement in the QOL scoring in patients taking Formoterol/Glycopyrronium when compared to that of patients taking Formoterol/Budesonide.

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Formoterol, Budesonide, Glycopyrronium, Spirometry, SGRQ, FEV1/FVC ratio.

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Uncontrolled cell proliferation can cause cancer, which is characterized by the growth of an unusually large tumour that starts off as a localized illness but has the potential to spread and affect other organs or vital functions. Cancer is one of the worst diseases of our day, taking countless lives annually. The differences in the disease around the world, the influence of the medical facilities that are available, and other socioeconomic factors have all had an impact on the efficient care of this ailment. Therapeutic applications are being found for numerous groups of phytochemicals found in herbal medicine. Herbal medicine treatment has been found to be especially beneficial for cancer patients, with many reporting a large increase in survivorship. The anti-oxidative and superoxide scavenging properties of particular active ingredients in herbal medicine have been demonstrated in recent studies, along with their inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation and anti-cancer qualities. Certain herbal remedies have analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Apart from its numerous medicinal properties, herbal medicine finds application as a nutrient supplement with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Herbal medicine has been the subject of several in vivo and in vitro investigations using various cell lines. The mechanisms of actions are still unknown, though. Herbal anticancer medications have drawn a lot of attention lately because of their potential as complementary or alternative therapy to traditional cancer treatments. These medications, which are made from a variety of plants and other natural sources, show encouraging anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis, and having anti-proliferative effects. This abstract examines the state of the field, emphasizing the effectiveness, safety, and difficulties related to the creation and application of herbal anticancer medications in cancer treatment.

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Angiogenesis, apoptosis, malignancy, MTT assay, DPPH scavenging assay, reducing power activity, zebra fish tumour induced model, Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay, metastasis, microemulsion, transdermal patches.

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AIM: To study the efficacy of Alteplase versus Tenecteplase and to assess the quality of life in patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: A hospital based prospective observational study was done at a tertiary care hospital located in Thiruvananthapuram over a period of 6 months. The efficacy of Alteplase and Tenecteplase is compared and the quality of life in these patients is assessed . There are two groups in the study. One group of patients treated with Alteplase and the other group with Tenecteplase. The efficacy was compared by the use of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The quality of life of the patients was evaluated before and after the treatment by using Stroke specific quality of life (SS-QOL) to detect whether the QOL has improved.The anxiety and depression in patient is also being assessed using Hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS). The cost effectiveness of both drugs is also being analysed. RESULTS: The treatment with Tenecteplase gives better efficacy than that of Alteplase. At the end of the treatment, 25.3% improvement was seen in patients with treatment of Tenecteplase while Alteplase shows only 10% . The QOL shows 86% improvement in patients treated with Tenecteplase and 64% was observed in patients taking Alteplase. The HADS shows 36% improvement in patients treated with Tenecteplase while 38% in Alteplase. CONCLUSION: The result shows that the treatment with the Tenecteplase gives better efficacy and also shows superiority in upgrading the quality of life. Even though the treatment outcome of Alteplase was not superior to the outcome of Tenecteplase, only 15.3% of difference was observed between the outcomes of two groups.

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Alteplase, Tenecteplase, NIHSS, MRS, HADS

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Accidents are the most undesirable mishaps responsible for the destruction of a considerable number of National Resources. According to international statistics, Losses due to traffic accidents in developing countries are well over 1% percent of their gross national product (GDP). This percentage is nearly 2.5% in INDIA, and Globally, INDIA is in 3rd position from the South Asia region. This paper briefly overviews India's current road accident statistics, especially on National Highways, during the last seven years. India has a high rate of road traffic accidents, presents a clear picture of violation of traffic discipline, and day by day, the situation is getting worse, not only in terms of the number of people killed or injured but also of the high social and economic costs occurring from these accidents. This scenario is even worse in rural areas (comprising 63% of total accidents occurring in India between 2015 and 2021). Out of 31,41,601 reported accidents, 18,35,254 accidents occurred during the seven-year study period from 2015 to 2021. In this thesis, an attempt has been made to find out traffic accident trends in India. Also, an attempt to find out trends of accident data presented herein to either accident profiles or compare the proportion of accidents by road class, time, light, junction, collision, weather, locations, pavement, road surface condition, and alignment can be undertaken. Road safety initiatives should be taken to manage hazardous conditions and locations by imposing appropriate safety provisions.

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Road Safety

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Historically, plants have shown great promise in the treatment of diseases and have been a source of inspiration for novel drug compounds. There has been considerable public and scientific interest in the use of phytochemicals derived from dietary components to combat human diseases. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is the shining star among the cornucopia of traditional medicinal plants. Since 1970, when curcumin first attracted the interest of scientific medical researchers, studies have reported its suppressive effects on various medical conditions, including high serum cholesterol levels, free radical damage to tissues, diabetic cataracts, diabetic damage to pancreatic insulin-producing cells, diabetic wounds, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, cancer, atherosclerosis, inherited peripheral neuropathies, liver damage caused by chemicals and drugs, and microbial infections. Curcumin also shows especially exciting prospects for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cystic fibrosis. The main aim of this work is to conduct phytochemical screening for the presence of major secondary metabolites, physicochemical parameters, and curcumin content in turmeric. Using a combination of solvent extraction, chromatography, and spectroscopic techniques, we systematically separated and identified the total curcuminoids and turmerones from turmeric root. The extraction was optimized for maximum yield and purity. The isolated curcuminoids, primarily consisting of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, were quantified using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Turmerones, including ar-turmerone, ?-turmerone, and ?-turmerone, were isolated and identified through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results highlight the efficiency of the applied methods and provide a robust approach for the extraction of these valuable bioactive compounds. This study not only contributes to the understanding of turmeric's phytochemical profile but also supports its potential therapeutic applications in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals.

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Turmeric,Curcumin,bioactive compounds

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*Dr Samridhi**Dr Vivek Chauhan***Dr Archana Bharti *Researcher**Professor***Assistant Professor BACKGROUND OF STUDY: Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are a major factor in causing mechanical neck pain, which can become a chronic problem. The purpose of this study is to find out the results of TENS, Ultrasound, Cryotherapy vs Kinesio-Taping on trigger points in the upper trapezius. AIM: The purpose of this study is to find out which of the two treatment procedures is more effective in treatment of myofascial trigger points in upper trapezius region. Methods: Study will be conducted on 30 patients following the inclusion and exclusion criteria with myofascial trigger. Patients will be divided into two groups randomly. Group A is treated with TENS, Cryotherapy and Ultrasound and Group B is treated with Cryotherapy and Ultrasound & Kinesio-Taping (X-shape) Results: Kinesio Taping, combined with Ultrasound and Cryotherapy, significantly reduces neck pain more effectively than TENS, Ultrasound, and Cryotherapy. Higher mean differences and effect sizes in VAS and Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire scores highlight the superior efficacy of Kinesio Taping for managing neck pain and associated symptoms in patients. Conclusion: From the above findings we can conclude that Kinesio Taping is more effective than TENS in reducing neck pain and related symptoms across all questionnaires. The higher mean differences in the Kinesio Taping group suggest a greater improvement in the condition of the patients Keywords: Cryotherapy, Kinesio-taping, Myofascial Trigger point, TENS, Ultrasound, Upper trapezius.

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Keywords: Cryotherapy, Kinesio-taping, Myofascial Trigger point, TENS, Ultrasound, Upper trapezius.

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Organizational success hinges on the performance and satisfaction of its employees, with leadership styles, job satisfaction, and related factors playing pivotal roles. The literature review synthesizes empirical findings from various studies to elucidate the complex relationships between leadership, job satisfaction, and organizational performance. Saharso and Fadilah (2024) highlight the influence of transformational leadership, work environment, and job satisfaction on employee performance. Qaralleh et al. (2023) emphasize the positive correlation between job resources and job satisfaction among physicians. Setiawan et al. (2024) underscore the impact of leadership styles on employee performance. However, Cendiawan and Indradewa (2024) suggest an indirect effect of transformational leadership on employee performance through job satisfaction. Sjahruddin et al. (2024) and Ernawati and Abadi (2024) emphasize the role of employee engagement and organizational support in enhancing performance. The research methodology involves a comprehensive literature review, identifying relevant articles, and conducting thematic analysis. The research framework explores the relationships between leadership style, job satisfaction, and organizational performance, underpinned by Social Exchange Theory. The framework posits leadership style and job satisfaction as critical independent variables, impacting organizational performance through employee engagement, work climate, and commitment. Theoretical gaps include the need to explore lesser-studied leadership styles, the impact of digital transformation, and cultural factors. Future research should focus on integrating multiple leadership styles, considering contextual factors, and adopting a holistic approach to performance metrics. In conclusion, this study contributes valuable insights for organizational leaders and managers seeking to optimize employee satisfaction and drive organizational success. By fostering supportive work environments that enhance employee engagement and commitment, organizations can achieve sustainable performance outcomes.

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Leadership styles, job satisfaction, organizational performance, employee engagement, work climate, employee commitment, transformational leadership, transactional leadership, adaptive leadership, digital leadership, job resources, work environment, employee turnover, organizational culture, social exchange theory

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 Abstract

Highway Pavement structures frequently fail to reach their intended design life due to factors such as poor construction material quality, inadequate compaction, suboptimal subgrade preparation, and overloading. Addressing this challenge, two primary methods are considered in pavement design to enhance longevity: increasing the thickness of pavement layers or augmenting the rigidity of these layers to diminish stress transmission to lower layers. The latter method, increasing layer strength and rigidity, has been identified as a more effective strategy for extending pavement life. This research focuses on the enhancement of the sub-base layer's strength and stiffness in a flexible pavement system through the application of geocell confinement. This project endeavours to investigate the multifaceted aspects of pavement engineering with a primary focus on the incorporation of geocells as a potential solution. The research contextualizes the performance of highway pavements, which largely depends on the strength and stiffness of their layers. With the construction phase often constrained by the availability and cost of aggregate materials, and considering the increasing scarcity of natural resources leading to project delays and cost escalations, the study underscores the necessity of exploring alternative materials and methods. By utilizing geocells, the research proposes a sustainable approach to pavement design, aiming to achieve enhanced pavement quality with reduced reliance on natural materials, thereby addressing both economic and environmental concerns in pavement construction and maintenance.

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Keywords : geocells, flexible pavement, economic and environmental concern in pavement construction and maintenance

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The COVID pandemic was declared a public health emergency of international concern on January 30th, 2020. It later went on to be declared a pandemic on March 11th, 2020. A pandemic is a spread of a disease that has affected many people in different countries and continents. Post 11th March unexpected things happened like a complete shutdown of regular activities such as schools, colleges, offices. During this time, a lot of industries had to re-examine their working norms, they faced major difficulties for just staying put. Considering the post pandemic world, things have changed dramatically. If we compare it to the pre-pandemic world, especially in reference to the IT industry, the working norms have changed in a humongous manner. This is primarily due to the fact that working from home is easier in this industry than in any other. Many companies have claimed a significant increase in revenue when people started working from home. In this situation, when a lot of things change, the functioning of the management and employee expectations also change. There must be a common ground where both employee and employer can work in harmony to increase productivity and provide an amicable working environment for all. The focus of the recovery is not only the revenue generation, but it's also important to analyse the impact it had. Many things have improved for the better, including employee behaviour, working norms, and a focus on health. This research study focuses on understanding the impact of the pandemic on employee engagement, the issues and challenges faced by the employees and the companies because of sudden and prolonged work from home. The study suggests ways to improve employee retention and new management techniques incorporated in IT industry post pandemic. The findings show the impact of sudden work from home. It was most amicably accepted and adapted by folks working in the IT industry. The companies were able to accommodate the work from home policies. Initially, it enhanced the performance, deliveries, and productivity. Later, when people got used to working from home, companies had to revamp the policies to accommodate more flexibility. The study highlights that virtual engagements, investing in employee growth, giving growth opportunities, and incorporating frequent check-ins are likely to help employee retention and create a healthier working environment specially post pandemic. Mid approach between work from office and work from home is "hybrid" mode of working which is preferred by both employees and employers as per the results. This creates better working norms for both employees and employers working in the IT sector.

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 Keywords

PI Personal Interview Et al. And others Etc. Etcetera IT Information Technology WFH Work from home WFO Work from office COVID Coronavirus disease

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