Volume 12 | Issue 7 |

 Abstract

Stress plays a major role in teachers' daily lives at present. This study is carried out to determine the current level of occupational stress experienced by general degree college teachers of Puruliadistrict. A descriptive survey technique was used to conduct the study, and 396 college teachers in the Purulia district were randomly selected to receive the Teacher Stress Inventory (TSI) (Fimian, 1988). The results of the present study revealed that on an average, college teachers experienced high stress in Time Management and Work Related Stress; low stress in Professional Distress, Discipline and Motivation, Professional Investment, Emotional Manifestation, Fatigue Manifestation, Cardiovascular Manifestation, Gastro-vascular Manifestation, Behavioural Manifestation and also in Teachers Stress (in Totality). Hence, it can be inferred that the general degree college teachers in the Purulia district generally exhibited low levels of occupational stress across various dimensions, as well as in overall occupational stress levels.

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 Keywords

Stress, Occupational Stress, Professional Distress, Work Related Stress

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Even though being an essential part of the body, the human foot is frequently neglected.Another essential organ used for movement (such as travelling, running around, and jumping) is the foot. They need to be attended to. The main objective of our formulation was to design and produce a herbal foot crack herbal cream that had healing, antibacterial, and antimicrobial qualities obtained from mint and fenugreek extract.A multitude of anti-inflammatory ingredients were used, and microbiological analyses were conducted to ascertain the effectiveness of the cream. It was found that the developed solution was risk-free, effective, and efficient in treating cracked heels. The subject's broken heels after fifteen days of use proved the effectiveness of the a cream.

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Mint extract, Fenugreek extract,Cracked heel

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Abstract During In-vitro studies, there was an investigation on the effect of the use of different surface sterilizing agents on nodal explants of Dendrocalamus hamiltonii. Surface sterilization is the most vital step during the preparation of healthy and viable explants for the micropropagation technique. The collection of explants was done from CPTs, that were highly exposed to microbial contaminants. Most contaminants such as bacteria and fungi are discarded by surface sterilization with the help of appropriate sterilizing agents. There was the use of HgCl2 and NaOCl, and Ca (OCl)2 a sterilizing agent during in-vitro culture. The leaf sheath covering the nodal segments containing axillary buds (1.5-2.00cm) was carefully removed and cleaned with 70% ethanol using sterilized cotton. These segments were pre-treated with 0.5% Bavistin as fungicides for 15 min. After pre-treatment segments were rinsed with Savlon and fresh running tap water at least three times. Further surface sterilization of explants was done under a laminar airflow cabinet with different treatments of HgCl2 and Ca (OCl)2 at different concentrations. Two methods of surface sterilization were used under a laminar airflow cabinet, (a) the explants were treated with 0.1% HgCl2 solution for 10,15, and 20 minutes. It was thoroughly washed with sterile distilled water. It was then 30sec.dip within 70% ethanol and again rinsed in sterile distilled water. (b) the explants were treated for 10, 15, and 2o min with Ca (OCl)2 with a few drops of tween-20. After this treatment, explants were washed with sterile distilled water, and they were then given a 30 sec. dip in 70% ethanol and again rinsed in sterile distilled water. After these sterilizing agents were used for the satisfactory result of the aseptic culture, viability, and bud break; sterilization with 0.1% HgCl2 for 20 min and 30min continuous rinsing showed 68% Aseptic buds with 52% bud break whereas Ca (OCl)2 (10min.) and similarly rinsing for 30min. showed 17% Aseptic buds with 12% Bud-break.

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Key-Words: Surface sterilization, D. hamiltonii, HgCl2, bud-break, Ca (OCl)2

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Abstract Lockdown and social distancing measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to closures of schools, training institutes and higher education facilities in most countries. The education system and the educators have adopted "Education in Emergency". While adapting to the new changes, staff and student readiness needs to be gauged and supported accordingly. The learners with a fixed mindset find it difficult to adapt and adjust, whereas the learners with a growth mindset quickly adapt to a new learning environment. Distance learning traditionally has focused on nontraditional students, such as full-time workers, military personnel, and nonresidents or individuals in remote regions who are unable to attend classroom lectures. Student attitude towards E learning from the study would provide important information regarding their perception towards e learning so as to improve future learning strategies and its need for their academic development in such a time of crisis. More researches are needed to know the attitude of the students in different parts of the country. It was with this back ground that an attempt was made to study the attitude of students towards eLearning during Pandemic of COVID 19 with reference to Haldia. Student's attitude towards e learning in education has been an increasing concern.

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distance learners,covid 19, Student's attitude

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Community detection is a pivotal task in network science, aiming to identify groups of nodes with dense intra-connections and sparse inter-connections, revealing the hidden structure of complex networks. This paper reviews recent advancements in dynamic and overlapping community detection techniques, focusing on methods developed after 2020. These advancements include leveraging topological data analysis, evolutionary algorithms, graph neural networks, and reinforcement learning to improve the adaptability, scalability, and accuracy of community detection in evolving networks. The integration of multi-label propagation, actor-critic architectures, and multi-view learning further enhances the robustness and accuracy of these methods. Despite significant progress, challenges such as real-time adaptability, handling heterogeneous data, and robustness against noise and missing data remain. Future research directions are proposed, including the development of advanced learning mechanisms, optimization frameworks, and privacy-preserving techniques. This review highlights the potential of these innovative approaches to transform community detection, providing deeper insights into the dynamic and overlapping structures of complex networks.

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Dynamic community detection, Overlapping community detection, Graph neural networks, Machine learning, Complex networks.

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An individual's behaviour, attitudes, and general success in life are greatly influenced by their personality development. This research looks at the many environmental, social, and educational impacts on personality development that college students face. This study attempts to offer a thorough knowledge of how college surroundings contribute to personality development through an extensive literature analysis and empirical investigation. According to the findings, academic difficulties, peer relationships, and extracurricular activities are important for developing important personality qualities including social skills, resilience, and leadership.

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The primary focus of this examination is the pivotal time in college life that is critical for the formation of personality. Being exposed to a variety of experiences, having the chance to explore oneself, and learning vital life skills are what define this period. To create settings that encourage healthy development and equip people for obstacles ahead, educators, legislators, and students themselves must have a thorough understanding of the mechanics of personality development throughout this

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Transdermal drug delivery has made an important contribution to medical practice, but it has yet to fully achieve its potential as an alternative to the oral delivery and hypodermic injections. An advantage of a transdermal drug delivery route over other types of delivery systems such as oral, topical, intravenous, intramuscular, etc. is that the patch may essentially can provide a controlled release of the medication into the patient, usually through either a porous membrane covering a reservoir of medication or through body heat melting thin layers of medication embedded in the adhesive. The purpose of this investigation is to investigate the physicochemical evaluation and anti-microbial activity of plant extract of leucas aspera root by using methanol and ethyl acetate in 1:1 ratio. The primary phytochemical analysis of root extract of leucas aspera showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins. Six batches of H1, H2, H3, S4, S5& S6 Plant extract (root) of Leucas aspera Transdermal patches were prepared by solvent casting technique. From the results of invitro diffusion and physicochemical studies, H2 & S5 was concluded as best formulation. Then they were subjected to screening of anti- microbial activity The anti-microbial screening result showed that the H2 was highly inhibiting the microbial growth around the patch and additional research on these plants could lead to the discovery of novel bioactive chemicals.

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Transdermal drug delivery, Leucas aspera, Plant extract, Anti-microbial action

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This paper explores the evolutionary trajectory of security mechanisms in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), charting the progress from traditional solutions to contemporary approaches. The review encompasses the challenges posed by the dynamic and decentralized nature of MANETs, emphasizing the need for robust security protocols. It delves into early encryption techniques and authentication methods, highlighting their limitations in addressing modern threats. The abstract then navigates through the emergence of intrusion detection systems and cryptographic advancements, outlining their contributions to enhancing network security. Furthermore, it explores recent innovations such as machine learning and fuzzy logic integration, illustrating their potential in mitigating complex security challenges. By examining the historical development and current state of security mechanisms in MANETs, this abstract provides insights into the evolving strategies that researchers employ to fortify these networks against a spectrum of threats, fostering a deeper understanding of the dynamic field of mobile ad-hoc network security.

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 Keywords

Security protocols, Intrusion detection, Trust management, Routing security, Key management.

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Employee retention is a business-management term referring to efforts by employers to retain current employees in their workforce. Effective employee retention is a systematic effort by employers to create and foster an environment that encourages current employees to remain employed by having policies and practices in place that address their diverse needs. Also of concern are the costs of employee turnover (including hiring costs, training costs and productivity loss). Replacement costs usually are 2.5 times the salary of the individual. The costs associated with turnover may include lost customers and business and damaged morale. In addition there are the hard costs of time spent in screening, verifying credentials, references, interviewing, hiring and training the new employee.

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Employee Retention, HR Practices, Strategies, Employee Attrition.

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The present research work unfurls the knowledge, attitude and practice of waste disposal by rural households. The rural households have knowledge and attitude regarding proper waste disposal but environment friendly practices of waste disposals have turned out to be insufficient and inadequate. The study has found out that there is significant correlation between Knowledge and attitude regarding waste disposal of the households, but the correlation between practice and knowledge and practice and attitude is comparatively weaker. The study further found out that the association between knowledge and practice and attitude and practice is not visible among the rural households. To promote sustainable housing government should initiate constant awareness classes and consecutive follow ups should be undertaken on waste disposal of the rural households.

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 Keywords

Waste disposal, Rural households, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Household waste, Sustainable housing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition