Volume 14 | Issue 6 | June-2026

 Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to compare sports achievement motivation and aggression among university-level volleyball players according to their playing positions. Volleyball is a highly competitive team sport in which psychological characteristics significantly influence athletic performance and competitive behaviour. Different playing positions in volleyball involve different technical and tactical responsibilities, which may affect the psychological characteristics of players. A total of 105 male university-level volleyball players from different universities of Chhattisgarh were selected randomly as subjects. The selected players were equally divided into three groups consisting of libero, attacker, and setter players. Sports Achievement Motivation Test (SAMT) developed by M. L. Kamlesh (1990) and Sports Aggression Inventory (SAI) developed by Anand Kumar and Prem Shankar Shukla (1998) were used for the collection of data. Mean, standard deviation, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Post Hoc analysis were employed for statistical analysis. The findings of the study revealed statistically significant differences among libero, attacker, and setter volleyball players with respect to achievement motivation and aggression. Attacker players demonstrated the highest achievement motivation and aggression levels, followed by setter players, whereas libero players recorded the lowest scores among the three groups. The study concluded that psychological variables differ according to the playing positions of volleyball players and highlighted the importance of position-specific psychological preparation and mental training in volleyball coaching programmes.

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 Keywords

Achievement Motivation, Aggression, Volleyball, Playing Positions, Sports Psychology, University Players

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Underground coal mining involves serious safety risks due to hazardous gases, high temperatures, fires, and structural failures. Delays in detecting these hazards often lead to accidents such as methane explosions and toxic gas exposure. This paper proposes an IoT-enabled real-time safety monitoring and alert system to address these challenges effectively. The system uses an Atmega328 for local processing and a NodeMCU ESP8266 for cloud connectivity, monitoring parameters like temperature, humidity, gas levels, flame, and tilt. It provides instant alerts through buzzers and LEDs while transmitting data to an MQTTbased cloud platform. The proposed system improves early hazard detection, response time, and overall mine safety.

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Coal Mine Safety, IoT, Atmega328, NodeMCU, MQTT, Real-time Monitoring, Wireless Sensor Network, Hazard Detection, Mobile Application.

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Neem Ka Thana Nagar me Nagariy Prasar: Ek Bhogolik evm Upgrahiya Chitra Aadharit Vishleshn (1995-2025)

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Neem Ka Thana Nagar me Nagariy Prasar: Ek Bhogolik evm Upgrahiya Chitra Aadharit Vishleshn (1995-2025)

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The Orange Economy is a topic that doesn't get enough attention in regional development studies. However, it has great promise in Assam, a culturally rich state in Northeast India. In this paper, the focus will be on the role of cultural industries including handloom industry, folk art, literature and performing art to the economic growth of Assam. The paper establishes how there are new opportunities in the creative sectors in the state through a multidisciplinary approach that is a cross between cultural theory and economic analysis and explores the structural challenges such as the lack of infrastructure, the digital divide, and policy deficit. The research would help humanize development by speaking about the community based creative practices, local entrepreneurship and promote a more representable and sustainable creative economy. The results show that despite cultural economy of Assam remaining informal and fragmented, it could be elevated to be a formidable centre of regional development, with support of targeted investment and decentralised policy system. This is not merely a work that attempts to analyse data, but express the voice of people defining the creative future of the region.

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 Keywords

Orange Economy, Cultural Industries, Creative Economy, Economic Development, Assam, Northeast

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Methylxanthines, particularly 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (caffeine) and its primary in vivo metabolites (theobromine, theophylline, and paraxanthine), represent some of the most ubiquitously consumed psychoactive substances worldwide. Beyond their historical classification as dietary stimulants, modern molecular pharmacology has uncovered an intricate landscape of bioactivities that extend deep into therapeutic and neuroprotective territories. This extensive review outlines the comprehensive pharmacological mechanisms of methylxanthines, focusing heavily on their multi-targeted interactions within the central nervous system (CNS). We dissect the competitive antagonism of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors, the downstream modulation of neurotransmitter cascades (including dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, and gamma-aminobutyric acid), and the inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Furtherm examine the potent intracellular calcium mobilization and the epigenetic modifications orchestrated via histone deacetylase activation. In the context of neurodegenerative pathology, we present exhaustive evidence supporting caffeine's therapeutic efficacy against Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, highlighting its capacity to mitigate neuroinflammation, suppress microglial overactivation, neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), and prevent mitochondrial collapse. Despite these profound medicinal attributes, the clinical translation of methylxanthines remains severely bottlenecked by complex pharmacokinetic challenges, including rapid systemic clearance, low metabolic bioavailability, and the restrictive stringency of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To address these limitations, we comprehensively evaluate cutting-edge nanotechnological intervention strategies. This includes a critical analysis of lipid-based nanoparticles (SLNs and NLCs), polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and functionalized carbon nanotubes designed for targeted, sustained, and brain-specific delivery. Ultimately, this review bridges the gap between classic xanthine chemistry and advanced clinical nanomedicine, providing a definitive framework for utilizing methylxanthines as novel, high-efficacy neurotherapeutics.

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Methylxanthines, caffeine, Alzheimer's disease, neurotherapeutics, Neuroprotection, and Emerging Nanotechnological Delivery Systems

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This study examines the growing cyber security challenges associated with the rapid adoption of digital financial platforms. With increasing dependence on online banking, mobile payments, and digital transactions, users are becoming more vulnerable to cyber threats such as phishing, identity theft, online fraud, and unauthorized access. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the extent of cyber security vulnerabilities faced by digital finance users in Karnataka and to evaluate the role of cyber security awareness in reducing such risks. The objectives of the study are to identify the impact of cyber threats, particularly phishing and online fraud, on users in Karnataka and to analyze the impact of cyber security awareness among users of digital financial platforms. The study adopts a descriptive research design and uses convenience sampling to collect primary data from 401 respondents across Karnataka. Data analysis was conducted using JAMOVI software, employing statistical tools such as ANOVA and T-test to examine variations and relationships among variables. The findings of this research are expected to contribute to academic research, policy formulation, financial institutions, and digital platform providers by enhancing awareness and strengthening cyber security practices among users of digital financial services.

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Cyber Security Awareness, Digital Finance, Cyber Threats, Phishing Attacks, Online Fraud, Digital Financial Platforms, User behavior, Karnataka.

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This study compares the financial performance of India's largest public sector bank (State Bank of India, SBI) and largest private sector bank (ICICI Bank) over five financial years (2020-2024). Using key financial ratios--Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Gross Non-Performing Assets (GNPA) ratio, and Operating Profit Margin (OPM)--the research applies independent t-tests for statistical validation. The findings reveal that ICICI Bank significantly outperforms SBI in profitability and asset quality, while SBI maintains superior capital adequacy and operational scale. The study concludes that ownership structure continues to influence financial performance in India's banking sector, with private banks excelling in efficiency and public banks in stability. These results offer actionable insights for investors, regulators, and bank management.

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Financial performance, ratio analysis, public sector banks, private sector banks, CAMEL model, SBI, ICICI Bank, statistical validation

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ABSTRACT Depression has emerged as one of the most pressing public health challenges of the 21st century, with prevalence rates rising steadily across diverse populations. Modern lifestyles--characterized by digital overexposure, economic insecurity, urban isolation, poor dietary habits, sedentary routines, and disrupted sleep cycles--are increasingly recognized as key contributors to this trend. The constant connectivity of social media fosters comparison, loneliness, and sleep disturbances, while economic pressures and precarious employment exacerbate chronic stress. Urbanization reduces access to community support and natural environments, further intensifying feelings of isolation. Additionally, the widespread consumption of processed foods and declining physical activity levels undermine resilience against psychological stressors. Sleep disruption, driven by irregular schedules and device use, compounds these risks by destabilizing mood regulation. Together, these factors create a lifestyle environment that predisposes individuals to depression, particularly among younger populations. Understanding the interplay between modern living patterns and mental health is essential for developing preventive strategies, fostering resilience, and promoting healthier communities in an increasingly digital and urbanized world

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KEY WORD Depression Modern, lifestyle Social media overuse, Economic stress Urbanization, Social isolation

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This research investigates Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) impact on financial success within selected Indian IT firms, specifically within the timeframe of 2020 to 2025. Over recent years, organizations have begun to recognize that CSR is an important part of how they conduct their business, support sustainable development, engage in ethical business practices, and promote social good. Companies being studied are TCS, Infosys, Wipro,HCL Technologies and Tech Mahindra. Researchers will use Net Profit, Return on Equity, Return on Assets, Earnings per Share and Return on Capital as financial indicators in determining how successful an organization has been generate profit. The analysis will utilize secondary data obtained from annual reports, corporate websites, Money control and financial databases. Statistical methods employed for the analysis and interpretation of this data will include descriptive statistics, correlation and ANOVA, regression analysis and One-Sample T-Test. Results indicate that the majority of the organizations included in this study enjoy stable financial performance. Companies are also performing consistently well with respect to CSR expenditures. Overall, results suggest that CSR plays a significant role in providing sustainable business growth and developing organizations within the Indian IT industry; however, CSR"s impact on short term profit will differ from company to company.

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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Net Profit, Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Assets (ROA), Earnings per Share (EPS), ANOVA, One-Sample t-Test.

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